詞匯學(xué)

1、AMERICANENGLISHThelargescalecolonizationofAmericabyBritishsettlerstookplaceintheseventeenthcentury.TheseimmigrantsbroughtwiththemtheEnglishlanguagetheirmothertougue.Butastimewentonthelifecultureofthesesettlersdevelopedin

2、comparativeisolationfromwhatwasgoingoninEnglthedifferencewasreflectedinthelanguageaswell.GraduallyavarietyofEnglishAmericanEnglishemergedevolvedintoanationalAmericanstard.ⅠGrowthofAmericanEnglishABefeIndependenceTheestab

3、lishmentin1607ofthesettlementwhichtheexplerscalled“Jamestown”markedthebeginningofBritishcolonizationinAmerica.TheearlyimmigrantshadlearnedaschildrentospeakwriteEnglishinthelastquarterofthe16thcentury.Hencethelanguagethey

4、broughtwiththemwasElizabethanEnglishthelanguagespokenbyShakespeareMiltonBunyanwhichbelongedtotheearlystageofModernEnglish.BFromIndependencetotheEarly19thcenturyThecommonstrifeofbravingthehardshipsoflifeflightingagainstBr

5、itishtariffsultimatelypoliticalcontrolledtotheemergenceasenseofnationality.InthefieldoflanguagethispatrioticfeelingwasmanifestedbytheargumentftherecognitionoftheAmericanvarietystardofEnglish.NoahWebsterproclaimedthathisc

6、ountrymenhadnotonlytherighttoadoptnewwdsbutwereobligedtomodifythelanguagetosuitpoweroftheUnitedStatesthestatusofAmericanEnglishhasbeenontherise.AlthoughtothedetestationofsomeAmericanwdsphraseshavebeenreadilyacceptedbymos

7、tBritishpeople.ⅡacteristicofAmericanEnglishAConservativenessretentionofarchaicfeatures美國(guó)英語(yǔ)的復(fù)古主要表現(xiàn)在用詞方面。很多詞語(yǔ)在英國(guó)已經(jīng)由新的詞所代替，而在美國(guó)仍然沿用。如，bug泛指“蟲(chóng)子”，iron指“柴架”，druggist指“零售藥商”，這些都是英語(yǔ)17世紀(jì)的用法，在美國(guó)至今仍然沿用，而在現(xiàn)今英國(guó)英語(yǔ)中，bug詞義縮小為“臭蟲(chóng)”，后兩者也被f

8、iredog和chemist所代替。此外，有些詞語(yǔ)在標(biāo)準(zhǔn)英語(yǔ)中已經(jīng)不用，在美國(guó)卻成為通用詞語(yǔ)，如cdwood(成捆出售的木材)，shoat(小豬)，deck(一副紙牌)，drool(開(kāi)玩笑，滑稽可笑的)，polliwog(蝌蚪)等。BCreativenessinenrichingthelanguageTheElizabethantraditionthefrontierspiritcombinedtofmanessentialacteri