內(nèi)在激勵(lì)和外在激勵(lì)經(jīng)典的定義和新的方向[文獻(xiàn)翻譯]

1、本科畢業(yè)論文（設(shè)計(jì)）外文翻譯原文：IntrinsicExtrinsicMotivations:ClassicDefinitionsNewDirectionsRidM.RyanEdwardL.DeciUniversityofRochesterIntrinsicextrinsictypesofmotivationhavebeenwidelystudiedthedistinctionbetweenthemhasshedimptantlight

2、onbothdevelopmentaleducationalpractices.Inthisreviewwerevisittheclassicdefinitionsofintrinsicextrinsicmotivationinlightofcontemparyresearchthey.Intrinsicmotivationremainsanimptantconstructreflectingthenaturalhumanpropens

3、itytolearnassimilate.Howeverextrinsicmotivationisarguedtovaryconsiderablyinitsrelativeautonomythuscaneitherreflectexternalcontroltrueselfregulation.Therelationsofbothclassesofmotivestobasichumanneedsfautonomycompetencere

4、latednessarediscussed.Tobemotivatedmeanstobemovedtodosomething.Apersonwhofeelsnoimpetusinspirationtoactisthusacterizedasunmotivatedwhereassomeonewhoisenergizedactivatedtowardanendisconsideredmotivated.Mosteveryonewhowksp

5、layswithothersisaccdinglyconcernedwithmotivationfacingthequestionofhowmuchmotivationthoseothersoneselfhasfataskpractitionersofalltypesfacetheperennialtaskoffosteringmeversuslessmotivationinthosearoundthem.Mosttheiesofmot

6、ivationreflecttheseconcernsbyviewingmotivationasaunitaryphenomenononethatvariesfromverylittlemotivationtoacttoagreatdealofit.Yetevenbriefreflectionsuggeststhatmotivationishardlyaunitaryphenomenon.Peoplehavenotonlydiffere

7、ntamountsbutalsodifferentkindsofofextrinsicmotivationsomeofwhichdoindeedrepresentimpoverishedfmsofmotivationsomeofwhichrepresentactiveagenticstates.Studentscanperfmextrinsicallymotivatedactionswithresentmentresistancedis

8、interestalternativelywithanattitudeofwillingnessthatreflectsaninneracceptanceofthevalueutilityofatask.Inthefmercase—theclassiccaseofextrinsicmotivation—onefeelsexternallypropelledintoactioninthelatercasetheextrinsicgoali

9、sselfendsedthusadoptedwithasenseofvolition.Understingthesedifferenttypesofextrinsicmotivationwhatfosterseachofthemisanimptantissuefeducatswhocannotalwaysrelyonintrinsicmotivationtofosterlearning.Franklyspeakingbecauseman

10、yofthetasksthateducatswanttheirstudentstoperfmarenotinherentlyinterestingenjoyableknowinghowtopromotemeactivevolitional(versuspassivecontrolling)fmsofextrinsicmotivationbecomesanessentialstrategyfsuccessfulteaching.Wedet

11、ailinthisarticlenotonlythedifferenttypesofmotivationalientationthatexistwithintheglobalextrinsiccategybutmeovertheirdifferentialantecedentsconsequences.INTRINSICMOTIVATIONIntrinsicmotivationisdefinedasthedoingofanactivit

12、yfitsinherentsatisfactionsratherthanfsomeseparableconsequence.Whenintrinsicallymotivatedapersonismovedtoactfthefunchallengeentailedratherthanbecauseofexternalprodspressuresrewards.Thephenomenonofintrinsicmotivationwasfir

13、stacknowledgedwithinexperimentalstudiesofanimalbehaviwhereitwasdiscoveredthatmanyganismsengageinexplatyplayfulcuriositydrivenbehavisevenintheabsenceofreinfcementreward(White1959).Thesespontaneousbehavisalthoughclearlybes

14、towingadaptivebenefitsontheganismappearnottobedonefanysuchinstrumentalreasonbutratherfthepositiveexperiencesassociatedwithexercisingextendingonescapacities.Inhumansintrinsicmotivationisnottheonlyfmofmotivationevenofvolit