論文最新-英漢互譯中顏色詞的非對應(yīng)翻譯策略研究

1、<p>　　A Study of E-C Color Term Corresponding Translation Strategies </p><p>　　英漢互譯中顏色詞的非對應(yīng)翻譯策略研究</p><p>　　Abstract and Key Words </p><p>　　Abstract: Language is the reflectio

2、n of culture. English and Chinese exist in two different cultures, and has its own history and society, living environment and experiences, customs and religions, and so on. However, all of these factors result in the di

3、fferent associative meanings in same vocabulary or different words, in other words, the culture-loaded words. In western and Chinese societies, there are many words or phrases with same word meaning but different associa

4、tive meanings which cause</p><p>　　Key words: comparative analysis; basic color terms; cultural connotations; differences; reasons　　</p><p>　　摘要：語言是文化的反映。英漢兩種語言存在于兩種文化之中，因此它們有著各自的歷史、社會、生活環(huán)境、生活經(jīng)歷

5、、習(xí)俗和宗教等。而這一切就導(dǎo)致了英漢兩種語言中相同的詞匯具有不同的聯(lián)想意義，即文化負(fù)載詞。在西方社會和中國，有許多詞匯或短語有著相同的字面意思，但卻因?yàn)椴煌奈幕哂胁煌穆?lián)想意義.其實(shí)，聯(lián)想意義的不同就是文化信息的鴻溝。人們由于生活在不同的環(huán)境，有著不同的文化背景和習(xí)俗，對同一個(gè)事物通常都會有不同的聯(lián)想。本文通過對比分析不同文化間顏色詞匯聯(lián)想意義的差異，及這些差異對詞匯翻譯造成的影響，指出了注重這種差異的重要性，提出了解決由這些差異

6、給翻譯帶來的問題的一些解決辦法。</p><p>　　關(guān)鍵詞：比較研究；基本顏色詞；文化內(nèi)涵；差異；成因</p><p><b>　　CONTENTS</b></p><p>　　1. Introduction1</p><p>　　2. Definition of Color and Basic Color Term

7、s1</p><p>　　2.1 Definition of Color1</p><p>　　2.2 Definition of Basic Color Terms1</p><p>　　3. Comparative Analysis of Basic Color Terms between English and Chinese2</p>

8、<p>　　3.1 Black and white2</p><p>　　3.2 Red and Green3</p><p>　　3.3 Blue and yellow3</p><p>　　4. Reasons for Differences in Associations of Basic Color Terms in English and

9、Chinese5</p><p>　　4.1 Geography Living Environment......................................................................5</p><p>　　4.2 Different Religion6</p><p>　　4.3 Natural and

10、 Social Background7</p><p>　　5. Strategies for Color Translation between English and Chinese </p><p>　　5.1 Literal Translation 7</p><p>　　5.2 LIberal Translation7</p><

11、p>　　5.3 Amplification8</p><p>　　5.4 Adaptation8</p><p>　　6. Conclusion9</p><p>　　Bibliography10</p><p>　　A Study of E-C Color Term Corresponding Translation Stra

12、tegies </p><p>　　1. Introduction</p><p>　　The world is full of colors. There are blue sky, white cloud, green trees, red sun and so on. Our world is so connected with colors that colors play an

13、 important role in our life. Make an example of the following sentences: "Mr. White is a very white man. He was looking rather green the other day. He has been feeling blue later. When I saw him, he was in a brown s

14、tudy. I hope he will be the pink again." This is a classic description in English used to express sensations by using color terms. </p><p>　　As a part of language, color terms carry a large amount of cu

15、ltural information, such as history, religion, and customs. They are related to almost all aspects of social lives and play an important role in cultural communications. In this thesis, the author intends to make a compa

16、rative analysis of color terms between English and Chinese, finding their similarities and differences in culture. In this way, cultural understanding and communication will be realized.</p><p>　　2. Definiti

17、on of Color and Basic Color Terms</p><p>　　2.1 Definition of Color</p><p>　　In dictionary, Color is the element of art that is produced when light, striking an object, is reflected back to the e

18、ye. There are three properties to color. First is hue, which simply means the name we give to a color (red, yellow, blue, etc.). The second property is intensity, which refers to the strength and vividness of the color.

19、For example, we may describe the color blue as "royal" (bright, rich, vibrant) or "dull" (grayed). The third property of color is its value, meaning its lightness</p><p>　　2.2 Definition

20、of Basic Color Terms</p><p>　　According to the survey, our eyes are able to distinguish seven million different colors, and for most of the colors we do not have any linguistic expressions available at all.

21、However, it is estimated that there are over three thousand color terms in English and more in Chinese. To categorize all the color terms is impossible. But generally speaking, color terms can be divided into two categor

22、ies: basic color terms and object color terms. It is impossible to discuss them one by one, thus in thi</p><p>　　3. Comparative Analysis of Basic Color Terms between English and Chinese</p><p>　

23、　3.1 Black and White</p><p>　　Because of the special material nature, black makes people think of depression and freight. “Black” 黑色 has the associative meaning of “Evil and Bad” in both English and Chinese

24、cultures; In China, since ancient times, it metaphors the ferocious situation and cruel dominance as 烏云、黑暗、黑夜 and so on, for people who cannot tell the right and wrong or good people suffer damage is 顛倒黑白; black also mak

25、e people think of evil. For instance, in Chinese culture, people calls the criminal group into 黑社會. At </p><p>　　In both Chinese and English, black is not a good word, because it is often associated with dar

26、kness. In Chinese, we have such expressions as "黑暗,黑壓壓,黑燈瞎火,黑漆漆", while in English such expressions as "black future and blackout". "Black future" refers to the slim hope in the future. And

27、"Blackout" refers to a period of darkness caused by a failure of the electricity supply. All of them are connected with "darkness". </p><p>　　In both languages, "black" is a co

28、lor full of sorrow, people have the custom of wearing black clothes for person's death. In the 14th century, there was a deadly bubonic plague in Europe, people named it the Black Death. As a result, the English peop

29、le using black as the symbol of death and disaster. In addition, black is also associated with sadness and misfortune. "A black dog" means a sad person and "in a black mood" means low spirited. "

30、Black humor" and "black comedy" also come from this con</p><p>　　In Chinese, the color term "黑" has some special meaning. "黑" is used to symbolize "loyalty, impartiali

31、ty". For instance, "黑臉包公" refers to "being loyal and impartial". In Beijing opera, black facial makeup is the symbol of characters who are upright and impartial, such as "Bao Zheng(包拯), Li K

32、ui(李逵)" .</p><p>　　In English, there is an expression with "black" expressing a commendatory sense. In business English, "in the black" has a good meaning of running a business profi

33、tably. The opposite of it is "in the red", meaning running a business at a loss. These terms come from the color of the ink used in keeping accounts; deficit is recorded in red ink while surplus written in blac

34、k ink.</p><p>　　White has some similar connotations in both Chinese and English: purity, brightness and innocence. White is the sacred color in Christianism, because Jesus and his angels wear white dress in

35、the belief. In Chinese, there are many phrases of "white" connected with purity, such as "潔白,白璧無瑕". Nurses are also called "白衣戰(zhàn)士" because their white uniforms looks like angels. "white&

36、quot; and "白" also have the meaning of innocence. If someone is said to be "white-handed", he or she is honest or innocent. "Mark</p><p>　　In Chinese, "白" refers to "r

37、eaction". For example, "白色政權(quán)" means the reactionary government; "白軍" refers to the reactionary army. "白" is also reflected in the theatrical makeup of Beijing opera, and symbolizes the

38、person who are sinister, crafty and evil, such as Zhao Gao (趙高) and Cao cao(曹操). In addition, there are some expressions such as "百搭,白費(fèi),白干", which has the meaning of bearing no results.</p><p>　　In

39、 English, "white" is connected with politics and government, such as "The White House" is the symbol of the US and "the White Hall" is a street full of government organizations and "whi

40、te paper" refers to the paper issued by western governments. What’s more, some expressions with "white" in English have their specific meanings. For example, "white" means "uselessness"

41、 in "white elephant".</p><p>　　3.2 Red and Green</p><p>　　Red is the color of blood, as well as the sun and fire. It is the sun and fire that made life easier in the early period of hu

42、man history. Thus, in both English and Chinese, "red" and "紅" are associated with "dignity, love, beauty, happiness", and so on.</p><p>　　"紅" is the favorite color in

43、China. It has become the representative color of China in the phrase "中國紅". In Chinese, "紅喜事" refers to wedding, birth and birthday and in the international sports games, the Chinese team is usually d

44、ressed in red. The following phrases are related to the above connotations: "滿堂紅" refers to the situation of a person achieving good results in all aspect; "紅運(yùn)" means good luck; "紅粉佳人" refer

45、s to a beautiful and young woman. In English, "red" is often connected with succe</p><p>　　As a result of differences of English and Chinese, "red" has some special meaning in English, su

46、ch as in "red man" (北美印第安人), "red neck" (美國南部鄉(xiāng)巴佬), "red-blooded" (沾滿鮮血的) and "red eye" (便宜的威士忌). However, "紅光滿面" in Chinese does not mean "one’s face is very red&quo

47、t; or "he is embarrassed", instead, it means "being healthy".</p><p>　　"Green" is the color of almost all plants, and it is those green plants that have made it possible for hum

48、an to exist on the earth. Therefore, both English and Chinese believe that the color green is not only a symbol of life, but also a sign of peace and hope. With the development of social economy, the pollution is becomin

49、g worser day by day, people began to realize the great importance of environmental protection, thus "green" and "綠" are closely connected with the environment, such as "green</p><p>

50、　　In Chinese, "綠" has some special meaning that is different from "green" in English. "綠" is often mentioned with female, e.g. "紅男綠女". The hair of a female is called "綠云"

51、 or "綠鬢". What's more, the expression in Chinese "戴綠帽子" means to be a cuckold.</p><p>　　In English, the color is one of the favorite colors, and many places are printed with green col

52、or and even US dollars are green color. Therefore, the green color usually refers to money or fortune. For instance, "green back, green power" and "green pound". However, in English, green is often as

53、sociated with jealousy and envy, such as "Green-eyed", "green with envy".</p><p>　　3.3 Blue and Yellow</p><p>　　Both in Chinese and English, blue is the color of sky and sea.

54、 But "藍(lán)" in Chinese is not as complicated as "blue" in English. </p><p>　　In Chinese, the color term "藍(lán)" can be replaced by "青" in some cases, as a result, the blue sk

55、y is often called "青天" or "青云" in Chinese. The blue sky is high and extensive, far beyond the reach of people, thus "青云" is extended to mean a high official position as in "平步青云".

56、Chinese also have an idiom "青出于藍(lán)而勝于藍(lán)" implying the pupil surpasses his master.</p><p>　　In English, the color of blue is related with gloom. If somebody is said to be "in a blue mood", he

57、 or she feels gloomy and depressed. "A blue Monday" expresses people’s depression on the first day of work or school after a happy weekend. "Blue" is also associated with high social status. It is reg

58、arded as the symbol of nobleness. "He is a real blue blood" means he is from an rich family. What’s more, "blue" also refers to danger and prohibition. "Blue alert" warns people of the comin

59、g typhoon o</p><p>　　As people from English speaking countries and China live in the different cultural background in the long term, different social custom, cultural tradition and ways of thinking, value co

60、ncept as well as geographical environment and regional appearance do not only lead to the different emphasis on color metaphor selection in the process of transition and communication in language information between diff

61、erent nations, it can even lead to the opposite metaphor meaning with the same metaphor object</p><p>　　In both Chinese and English world, "yellow" is the color of sunflower, so that it brings the

62、feeling of warming sunshine. It is the color of happiness, friendship and sunshine. But on some occasions, "yellow" is related with illness. In Chinese, there is "面黃肌瘦" and in English, "yellow bl

63、ight"(枯黃病), "yellow fever"(黃熱病). In football games, both "yellow" and "黃" imply warning. "A yellow card" or "黃牌" is a card held up by the football referee to show th

64、at a player has done something wrong. "A yellow</p><p>　　In Chinese, yellow is the color of the soil, The Yellow River "黃河" is the start of Chinese ancient culture. The color yellow is the sym

65、bol of wealth, honor, and power. "黃道吉日" is a day suitable for doing some important things, such as holding weddings or opening ceremonies. In modern days, "黃" is often used to mean "pornographic&

66、quot;, "obscene" or "filthy" as in "黃色書籍", "黃色電影", "掃黃", etc.. What’s more, "黃" in Chinese is also associated with "things visional or out of date". F

67、or example, "昨日黃花, 陳年黃歷, </p><p>　　“Yellow” has different associative meanings in different cultures. In western culture, “yellow” has the associative meaning of “timid, shy and cowardly. In Chinese cul

68、ture, “yellow” makes people think of “sexual, flirt and inferiority”, for instance, “黃色書籍/電影”, and so on. Like “yellow”, the word “blue” also have different associative meanings in different cultures. In Chinese culture,

69、 “blue” is associated with “quiet and beautiful”. However, in western culture, “blue” is associated with “frustra</p><p>　　In English, yellow is also associated with bad things. Firstly, yellow is used to me

70、an "jealous", because Judas wore yellow dress. Secondly, yellow is also associated with "being coward". If someone is described as "be yellow" or "have a yellow streak", she or he

71、is regarded as a coward.</p><p>　　4. Reasons for Differences in Associations of Basic Color Terms in English and Chinese</p><p>　　By analyzing the different associative meanings of color words i

72、n different languages, it can get to the idea that the culture plays an very important role in the back of language. Different nations have different historical development and religious belief, and its cultural accumula

73、tion and sediment are not always the same and even different completely. And such kind of difference will result different effects in color words. From the above analysis, the different associative meanings in color <

74、/p><p>　　4.1 Different Geographical Living Environment</p><p>　　Certain geographical environment creates different cultures, and certain culture results in certain express ways. English and Chinese

75、 peoples are two nations that lived in different natural environment. Both of them belong to the different civilization systems. Most western countries are faced with ocean, for instance, the British people’s life depend

76、s on ocean to a great degree in the early times and forms the maritime civilization in the process of fighting against the ocean. </p><p>　　China belongs to the Loess Civilization while English speaking cou

77、ntries belong to the maritime civilization. Therefore, both of them form regional cultures with different features, and the two nations, English and Chinese peoples attach different cultural associative meanings in sente

78、nces or words that are closely connected with their lives. For instance, in English it usually use cream or creamy as well s butter yellow to describe the light yellow color, because the butter and cream are the or</p

79、><p>　　Geographically, Britain lies in the North Atlantic Ocean off the north coast of Europe. The ocean feeds British people so that the color of ocean-blue is a popular and favorite color to British. There is

80、 an old saying that a person cannot choose to be blue-blooded, but he can choose to be one’s blue-eyed boy or a true blue to his party and country. And in Chinese, people get used to use 米色 to express this color---light

81、yellow, because rice 米is the main food of Chinese people. And white coal cann</p><p>　　Because of lacking of island, the agriculture production in the British cannot meet the needs of the population, people

82、needed to make a living in the sea. For these reasons, people started to develop the stock raising, sailing and fishing. Just like Chinese indivisible relationship with the land, the close relationship with the ocean mak

83、es British people have more special understanding of the color "blue".</p><p>　　4.2 Different Religion</p><p>　　In the western world, Christianity had a great influence on British peop

84、le. Christianity was founded in the early 1st century AD, and today it is the largest religion in the world with about 2 billion followers. For instance, "yellow" is a holy color in Christianity, for the father

85、 wears golden crucifix, and the holy cup used by Jesus in his last supper is also yellow. But on the other hand, yellow also has the negative meanings as "mean, coward and jealous", because Judas, the betrayer,

86、 is usua</p><p>　　Buddhism was introduced into China in Han dynasty, and reached its period of great prosperity in Sui and Tang dynasties. Over two thousand years, Buddhist philosophy has made a great influe

87、nce on Chinese culture. Many Buddhist expressions have become common words in Chinese. For example, "紅塵" originally was a word of Buddhism, now we use "看破紅塵" to mean seeing through the vanity of the w

88、orld or being disillusioned with the moral world.</p><p>　　4.3 Natural and Social Background</p><p>　　There is a close relationship between human beings and their natural and social environments

89、, and this relationship is reflected in language culture. Different natural and social background often causes different understanding of the color terms. For example, in English, "blue" refers to power and nob

90、ility, while in Chinese they are symbolized by "yellow". Britain is surrounded by the sea, so the color of the sea-blue is worshiped and it becomes a noble color. Chinese people originated from the </p>

91、<p>　　While in the 18th century London literary circle, those women with scholar or literary often wore stockings, and the circle is called "The Blue Stocking Society". In this way, blue stocking becomes a

92、 symbol of a woman scholar and the color blue is endowed with the connotation of "scholarship".</p><p>　　5. Strategies for Color Translation between English and Chinese </p><p>　　5.1 L

93、iteral Translation </p><p>　　Literal translation refers to translate word and profound connotation of the original text into target language according to the word meaning. In literal translation, it reserves

94、 contents and form, sentence rhetoric and other reflection methods of the original text. Literal translation is an translation strategy which seeks for the optimal maintenance in original contents and forms in translatio

95、n. Its theoretical base can track back to the cultural scope. Language is the carrier of culture, its </p><p>　　For instance, On"Iv。I like colors for sortie things and black and white for others．</p&

96、gt;<p>　　在電視上，有些東西我喜歡看彩色的，另外有些東西我喜歡看黑白的。In this sentence, “black and white” is translated into its word meaning 黑and 白</p><p>　　For another example, Spring wind of itself turns the south shore green．B

97、ut what bright moon will light me home。春風(fēng)又綠江南岸，明月何時(shí)照我還。In this sentence, “green” is translated into “turn...green”, which is loyal to the original poem context and conforms to the symbolic meaning of green in western cul

98、ture, in western culture, green symbolizes “spring and life”. </p><p>　　5.2 Liberal Translation</p><p>　　Liberal translation keeps the original content rather than original style and form, by u

99、nderstanding and digesting the deep significance of the original text profoundly, it breaks and reorganizes original text surface structure to convert them into natural and fluent translation structure. Liberal translati

100、on usually make use of image, livid and euphemistic languages which are in accordance with the local consumers to attract the readers. Liberal translation means while translators encounter li</p><p>　　Someti

101、mes, there has color words in the phrase or sentence, for the sake of mastering the original spiritual essence, the translation shall not be restrained by the original form, it just needs to express the profound connotat

102、ion in the target language, for instance, black coffee means 不加牛奶的咖啡，black-Krd畫眉，blacksmith鐵人匠，blue blood貴族，bluestocking女才子，grey male母老虎，grey matter智力，green meat生肉，greenroom演員休息室，pink eye(結(jié)膜炎)。漢譯英中有紅利bonus，紅顏beauty，紅娘go—

103、between，白菜Chinese cabbage</p><p>　　5.3 Amplification </p><p>　　In English and Chinese ,there exists same metaphor, while because of sentence difference, if directly translate, it will be rigid a

104、nd decrease the advertisement’s attraction. As metaphor brings distinct national cultural features and historical case or character idiom, while translating some metaphors, same vocabularies in target translation languag