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1、<p>  中文3342字,1916單詞,10500英文字符</p><p>  文獻(xiàn)出處: Navistar T. The research of express enterprise competition strategy [J]. Sloan Management Review, 2016, 12(3):41-50.</p><p><b>  原文</b

2、></p><p>  The research of express enterprise competition strategy</p><p>  Navistar T</p><p><b>  Abstract</b></p><p>  This paper takes the German AE e

3、xpress company as the case study. Firstly, express industry is analyzed, and then expounds the trend of the development of industry, then the AE express company made a detailed analysis of the foreign small and medium-si

4、zed express enterprises provide beneficial reference for competitive strategy.</p><p>  Keywords: Express delivery, Express delivery market, Competitive strategy</p><p>  1 Overview of the expre

5、ss industry</p><p>  Express "refers to the logistics enterprise with its own independent network, or in the form of consortium, each using their network, the user files or entrusted by the package, fas

6、t and safely from the sender to the recipient's door to door transportation mode. Delivery in time and delivery quality differs from other modes of transportation; the efficiency of it is to build on the basis of per

7、fect network. Express industry is the fastest speed transport documents or between the sender and recip</p><p>  Economic adaptability</p><p>  The development of modern express industry is clos

8、ely combined with the development of world economy. With the accelerating process of global economic integration, international domestic trade activities accelerate active. Due to the production and business operation ac

9、tivities of high efficiency and fast rhythm, time value is very important. A large number of samples, files, documents need to pass quickly, it offers a wide range of opportunities to express industry; But with the devel

10、opment of </p><p><b>  Immediacy</b></p><p>  The basic characteristics of express service mainly reflected in the fast and flexible. So must have a long distance transport rapid tra

11、nsport and distribution, distribution, delivery, etc. Big express companies themselves have a certain number of aircraft, and most of the Courier company has its own freight cars. In addition to transportation, express d

12、elivery company in the supply of goods distribution center, especially the central regions of the company's business, you need to set up distrib</p><p><b>  Network</b></p><p>  

13、Express industry provide door to door service, so you must receive customer information timely and accurately, quickly handle documents, all-the-way tracking system for the delivery of goods or documents. Realize the fun

14、ction of guarantee is the advanced computer network, advanced communications network, and can meet the demand of all kinds of personalized, special Courier service of hardware and software. At present most of the Courier

15、 company can do to a file and tracking in the whole process </p><p>  Excellent service function</p><p>  Form as a result of the express delivery service is a table to table, door to door; it n

16、eeds to express the all-the-way tracking, customer want to be able to real-time query Courier, so the Courier Company must be on the basis of quality service to retain customers.</p><p>  2 Development trend

17、 of express industry</p><p>  2.1 Cut or eliminate postal franchise</p><p>  In the late 70 s the United States has reform in the field of civil aviation and post in a breakthrough, cancelled th

18、e passenger and cargo airlines operating in 1978 and the limitation of the pricing, suspended in 1979 postal franchise to especially urgent letters, to allow the private Courier service providers "to" the next

19、day the letter Posting and delivering services, suspended in 1986 to the international postal mail of the franchise. In 1993 Sweden became the first abolish postal specializ</p><p>  2.2 Promote the reform o

20、f property right system</p><p>  Many countries in order to optimize the national postal department of the state-owned property right structure, improve the operational efficiency of the postal service's

21、, have stepped up to the postal enterprise shareholding system reform. In 1994, the Swedish postal is from shares to the public service company co., LTD., and the VAT on all of its products. In 1995, the German postal fo

22、rmally registered as a stock company, 49% of the shares sold to the whole society. In 2000, deutsche post succ</p><p>  2.3 Open to promote bilateral and regional levels</p><p>  The U.S. free t

23、rade agreements with Singapore, Chile, to create open bilateral areas express industry precedent. Beauty, wisdom is committed to keep express delivery market access level, before signing the agreement and provide separat

24、e to delivery the goods, fast customs clearance procedures; Beauty, open new agreement delivery department and other related services, in order to improve the efficiency of express delivery services. Agreement also inclu

25、ded limited service providers for cross-subsi</p><p>  3 AE express company </p><p>  3.1 Overview</p><p>  German AE express company was founded in 1988, the headquarters is locate

26、d in southwestern Germany. Express in Europe, at the beginning of its establishment, the company's main business. After 20 years of development, has now developed into a air freight, shipping, express delivery, wareh

27、ousing, logistics as one of the integrated logistics company in Europe. Since it was founded in 1988, AE express company business development, steadily to 2008 euro turnover has over ten million every year. As a</p>

28、;<p>  3.2 The competitive environment</p><p>  Four giant DHL, FedEx, UPS, TNT is accounted for 80% of the international express market share. DHL express DHL global co., LTD., founded in 1969, is th

29、e world's four major international express international group, one of the global network by deutsche post group holding 100%.DHL international air express co., LTD is by DHL and China national foreign trade transpor

30、tation group corporation each injection of 50% was founded in 1986, is China's earliest and most experienced international air expre</p><p>  FedEx is the world's largest express transportation compa

31、ny, for more than 235 countries and regions in the world to provide fast and reliable delivery service. FedEx has universal air and land transportation networks, usually only one or two working days, can quickly delivery

32、 time urgent condition, and to ensure on time delivery. FedEx is affiliated with federal express group (FedEx Corp.), are the backbone of the group express transportation business. FedEx to worldwide customers and enterp

33、ris</p><p>  UPS was founded in 1907 as a messenger company in the United States, by explicitly committed to supporting the global business goal; UPS now has grown to a big company with $36 billion in assets

34、. Today UPS, or united parcel Service Company, is a global company, as the world's largest express carrier and package Delivery Company; they are also specialized transportation, logistics, capital, and the leading p

35、rovider of e-commerce services. The business income of UPS in regional terms, the domestic</p><p>  TNT express to enter the Chinese market in 1988, 2003, TNT express 25 branches, the total sales of more tha

36、n $700 million. As the Dutch's largest express company, TNT clearance ability in western European countries than DHL, UPS, and EMS was stronger. But price is a lot more expensive than other companies. TNT express Eur

37、ope, have achieved this invention to: TNT using Dalian to Beijing daily flights, the latest on the day of collection of international express mail on the day of shipment to the </p><p>  4 The express indust

38、ry suppliers bargaining power</p><p>  Mainly through the price increase inputs and the supplier's ability is reducing the unit value of quality, to influence the existing corporate profitability and pro

39、duct competitiveness in the industry. In the international express industry, the main suppliers including airlines, international freight forwarding enterprises, and road transport services. Airlines generally only shipp

40、ing space on level 1 freight agent relationship. Airlines flights to fixed, fixed time, will not change the goods be</p><p><b>  譯文</b></p><p>  快遞企業(yè)市場競爭戰(zhàn)略研究</p><p>  Na

41、vistar T</p><p><b>  摘要</b></p><p>  本文以德國AE快遞公司為案例分析對象,首先分析了快遞行業(yè),接著闡述了快遞行業(yè)的發(fā)展趨勢,然后對AE快遞公司做了一個詳細(xì)的分析,為外資中小型快遞企業(yè)制定競爭戰(zhàn)略提供有益借鑒。</p><p>  關(guān)鍵詞:快遞業(yè),快遞市場,競爭戰(zhàn)略</p><p&g

42、t;<b>  1快遞行業(yè)概述</b></p><p>  快遞,是指物流企業(yè)通過自身的獨(dú)立網(wǎng)絡(luò),或以聯(lián)營的方式,相互利用各自的網(wǎng)絡(luò),將用戶委托的文件或包裹,快捷而安全地從發(fā)件人送達(dá)收件人的門到門運(yùn)輸方式??爝f是以時間、遞送質(zhì)量區(qū)別于其它運(yùn)輸方式,它的高效運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)是建立在完善的網(wǎng)絡(luò)基礎(chǔ)之上的??爝f業(yè)是以最快的速度在寄件人和收件人之間運(yùn)送文件或包裹的行業(yè)。其性質(zhì)及運(yùn)輸方式與一般航空貨運(yùn)服務(wù)基本一致

43、,但是快遞行業(yè)延伸和拓展了航空運(yùn)輸服務(wù),在運(yùn)輸業(yè)中,快遞業(yè)的服務(wù)形式最為快捷、周到??爝f業(yè)主要有以下幾個特點(diǎn):</p><p>  經(jīng)濟(jì)適應(yīng)性?,F(xiàn)代快遞業(yè)的發(fā)展與世界經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展緊密相連。隨著全球經(jīng)濟(jì)一體化的進(jìn)程不斷加快,國際國內(nèi)貿(mào)易活動加速活躍。由于生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營活動的高效率和快節(jié)奏,時間價值顯得十分重要。大量的樣品、文件、單證需要快速傳遞,這為快遞行業(yè)提供了大量的商機(jī);而隨著科技的發(fā)展,大量科技含量高,體積小,價值高

44、的產(chǎn)品也為快遞行業(yè)提供了貨源。</p><p>  快捷性??爝f服務(wù)的基本特點(diǎn)主要體現(xiàn)在快速和靈活。因此運(yùn)輸工具必須具備長途快速運(yùn)輸以及集散、分發(fā)、派送等特點(diǎn)。大型的快遞公司自身擁有一定數(shù)量的飛機(jī),而絕大部分快遞公司都擁有自己的貨運(yùn)汽車。除了運(yùn)輸工具,快遞公司在貨源集散地,特別是公司經(jīng)營的中心區(qū)域,需要設(shè)置集散控制中心,配備倉庫,電腦中心,控制和指揮中心等設(shè)施。</p><p>  網(wǎng)絡(luò)化

45、??爝f行業(yè)提供的是門到門的服務(wù),因此必須及時、準(zhǔn)確地接收顧客信息,快速處理單證,實(shí)現(xiàn)對運(yùn)送物品或文件的全程跟蹤。實(shí)現(xiàn)這些功能的保證就是先進(jìn)的計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)、先進(jìn)的通訊網(wǎng)絡(luò)以及能夠滿足各種個性化、特殊的快遞服務(wù)需求的硬件及軟件。目前絕大多數(shù)快遞公司都能做到對文件及包裹的全程跟蹤。用戶只需要登陸公司網(wǎng)站,輸入貨運(yùn)單號,就能追蹤到貨物的全部信息。</p><p>  優(yōu)良的服務(wù)功能。由于快遞業(yè)的服務(wù)表現(xiàn)形式是桌到桌、門到門

46、,它需要對快件實(shí)行全程跟蹤,客戶希望能夠?qū)崟r查詢快件的情況,所以快遞公司必須在優(yōu)質(zhì)服務(wù)的基礎(chǔ)上才能留住客戶。</p><p>  2 快遞行業(yè)發(fā)展趨勢</p><p>  2.1 削減或取消郵政的專營權(quán)</p><p>  70年代末美國先后在民用航空和郵政專營領(lǐng)域的改革取得突破,1978年取消了客運(yùn)和貨運(yùn)航線運(yùn)營和定價方面的限制,1979年中止了郵政對特別緊急信件

47、的專營權(quán),允許私營快遞服務(wù)商提供“次日達(dá)”的信件寄遞服務(wù),1986年中止了郵政對國際郵件的專營權(quán)。1993年瑞典成為歐洲第一個廢除郵政專營的國家。之后,俄羅斯、新西蘭、荷蘭也相繼廢除了郵政專營。從1995年開始,德國允許本國和世界各國的私營郵遞公司,經(jīng)營信函以外的所有郵政業(yè)務(wù)。此外,印度、肯尼亞等發(fā)展中國家也縮小了郵政專營范圍。</p><p>  2.2 推進(jìn)產(chǎn)權(quán)制度改革</p><p>

48、;  許多國家為優(yōu)化國家郵政部門國有獨(dú)資的產(chǎn)權(quán)結(jié)構(gòu),提高郵政公司的運(yùn)營效率,紛紛加大了對郵政企業(yè)的股份制改造。1994年,瑞典郵政從公共服務(wù)公司改為股份有限公司,并對其全部產(chǎn)品征收增值稅。1995年,德國郵政正式注冊為股份公司,49%的股份向社會出售。2000年,德國郵政股份有限公司成功上市,是該年度歐洲第一大、世界第三大的上市交易。新西蘭郵政也己改制成股份公司。荷蘭是世界上對郵政進(jìn)行私有化改造的一個典型,目前荷</p>

49、<p>  蘭郵政已轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)樗接谢尽?lt;/p><p>  2.3推動雙邊和區(qū)域?qū)用娴拈_放</p><p>  美國與新加坡、智利的自由貿(mào)易協(xié)議,開創(chuàng)了雙邊領(lǐng)域快遞業(yè)開放的先例。美、智承諾將保持簽訂協(xié)議前快遞業(yè)的市場準(zhǔn)入水平,并對快遞貨物提供單獨(dú)、快速的清關(guān)程序;美、新協(xié)議規(guī)定開放快遞部門和其他相關(guān)的服務(wù)部門,以提高快遞服務(wù)部門的效率。協(xié)議還納入了限制國家服務(wù)提供商進(jìn)行交叉補(bǔ)貼的

50、規(guī)定。歐盟也將郵政市場開放作為區(qū)域一體化的重要內(nèi)容,先后兩次通過法令要求內(nèi)部開放郵政市場,并讓成員國在2003年到2006年期間采取實(shí)質(zhì)性步驟。目前,世貿(mào)組織對快遞和郵政服務(wù)業(yè)的開放也給予了更多的關(guān)注,該領(lǐng)域的開放已成為多哈回合服務(wù)貿(mào)易談判的重要議題。</p><p>  3 AE快遞公司現(xiàn)狀</p><p><b>  3.1概述</b></p>&l

51、t;p> ?。ㄍ暾g文請到百度文庫)德國AE快遞公司成立于1988年,總部位于德國西南部。公司成立之初,主營歐洲地區(qū)的快件業(yè)務(wù)。經(jīng)過20年的發(fā)展,現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)發(fā)展成為集空運(yùn),海運(yùn),快遞,倉儲,全歐洲物流運(yùn)輸為一體的綜合性物流公司。自1988年成立以來,AE快遞公司業(yè)務(wù)穩(wěn)步發(fā)展,到2008年年?duì)I業(yè)額己超一千萬元?dú)W元。作為國際空運(yùn)協(xié)會(IATA),世界貨運(yùn)聯(lián)盟(WCA)成員,AE快遞公司擁有廣泛的世界性服務(wù)網(wǎng)絡(luò),而通過與GEL以及 DER

52、KUR工ER的合作,AE快遞公司的快件派送范圍覆蓋整個歐洲大陸。目前AE快遞公司在德國法蘭克福,柏林等歐洲主要城市均設(shè)有分公司。并于2003年在香港成立全資子公司,開通了香港一歐洲的快運(yùn)專線。</p><p><b>  3.2競爭環(huán)境</b></p><p>  DHL,F(xiàn)edEx,UPS,TNT四大巨頭更是占據(jù)了80%的國際快遞市場份額。DHL敦豪全球速遞有限公司

53、,創(chuàng)立于1969年,是全球四大國際快遞跨國集團(tuán)之一,由德國郵政全球網(wǎng)絡(luò)集團(tuán)100%控股。中外運(yùn)敦豪國際航空快件有限公司是由DHL與中國對外貿(mào)易運(yùn)輸集團(tuán)總公司各注資50%于1986年成立,是中國成立最早、經(jīng)驗(yàn)最豐富的國際航空快遞公司。從公司成立至今,中外運(yùn)敦豪在全國各主要城市己建立82家分公司,擁有超過7,100名高素質(zhì)員工,服務(wù)遍及全國401個主要城市,覆蓋中國95%的人口和經(jīng)濟(jì)中心。作為國際快遞業(yè)的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者,DHL擁有多樣化的物流服務(wù)項(xiàng)

54、目,包括:國際快遞、多式聯(lián)運(yùn)、電子商務(wù)、金融、代理、配送和倉儲,以及豐富的關(guān)務(wù)運(yùn)作技術(shù)和經(jīng)驗(yàn),是全球最大的物流服務(wù)提供商之一。</p><p>  FedEx聯(lián)邦快遞是全球最具規(guī)模的快遞運(yùn)輸公司,為全球超過235個國家及地區(qū)提供快捷、可靠的快遞服務(wù)。聯(lián)邦快遞設(shè)有環(huán)球航空及陸運(yùn)網(wǎng)絡(luò),通常只需一至兩個工作日,就能迅速運(yùn)送時限緊迫的貨件,而且確保準(zhǔn)時送達(dá)。聯(lián)邦快遞隸屬于美國聯(lián)邦快遞集團(tuán) (FedExCorp.),是集團(tuán)

55、快遞運(yùn)輸業(yè)務(wù)的中堅(jiān)力量。聯(lián)邦快遞集團(tuán)為遍及全球的顧客和企業(yè)提供涵蓋運(yùn)輸、電子商務(wù)和商業(yè)運(yùn)作等一系列的全面服務(wù)。作為一個久負(fù)盛名的企業(yè)品牌,聯(lián)邦快遞集團(tuán)通過相互競爭和協(xié)調(diào)管理的運(yùn)營模式,提供了一套綜合的商務(wù)應(yīng)用解決方案,使其年收入高達(dá)320億美元。FedEx在東南亞一帶不管是價格還是速度可以說是四大公司之首。在21公斤以上的大貨FedEx的價格等于是DHL,UPS的一半,運(yùn)輸速度卻是一樣的。但是FedEx的缺點(diǎn)在于西歐,美加,南美,非洲,

56、中東國家沒有價格和速度上的優(yōu)勢。</p><p>  UPS于1907年作為一家信使公司成立于美國,通過明確地致力于支持全球商業(yè)的目標(biāo),UPS如今已發(fā)展到擁有360億美元資產(chǎn)的大公司。如今的UPS,或者稱為聯(lián)合包裹服務(wù)公司,是一家全球性的公司,作為世界上最大的快遞承運(yùn)商與包裹遞送公司,他們同時也是專業(yè)的運(yùn)輸、物流、資本與電子商務(wù)服務(wù)的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)性的提供者。UPS的業(yè)務(wù)收入從地區(qū)來看,美國國內(nèi)業(yè)務(wù)占總收入的89%,歐洲及

57、亞洲業(yè)務(wù)占11%。從這點(diǎn)可以看出,UPS在中國國際快遞市場中,更加擅長于到美洲的國際快遞業(yè)務(wù)。</p><p>  TNT快遞1988年進(jìn)入中國市場,2003年TNT快遞25家分公司的總銷售額逾7億美元。作為荷蘭最大的快遞公司,TNT在西歐國家的清關(guān)能力要比DHL,UPS,EMS都要強(qiáng)。但是價格方面的話,就要比其他公司要貴出很多。TNT的歐洲快件,已經(jīng)實(shí)現(xiàn)今發(fā)明至:TNT利用每日大連至北京的最晚航班,當(dāng)日收取的國

58、際快件當(dāng)日發(fā)運(yùn)至首都國際機(jī)場,次日中午即可抵達(dá)法蘭克福及洛杉磯TNT轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)中心。</p><p>  4 快遞行業(yè)供應(yīng)商的議價能力</p><p>  供方主要通過其提高投入要素價格與降低單位價值質(zhì)量的能力,來影響行業(yè)中現(xiàn)有企業(yè)的盈利能力與產(chǎn)品競爭力。在國際快遞行業(yè)內(nèi),供應(yīng)商主要包括航空公司,國際貨運(yùn)代理企業(yè),公路運(yùn)輸服務(wù)商。航空公司一般只對一級貨運(yùn)代理人產(chǎn)生艙位關(guān)系。航空公司的航線固定,時

59、間固定,不會因?yàn)榭蛻舻呢浀膯栴}而改變。國際貨運(yùn)代理企業(yè)。國際貨運(yùn)代理企業(yè)主要指航空貨運(yùn)代理企業(yè)。而航空貨運(yùn)代理又分為一級代理和二級代理。由于航空公司只將艙位放給一級貨運(yùn)代理,一級貨運(yùn)代理再將艙位放給二級貨運(yùn)代理或者直接客戶,對于快遞企業(yè)來說,其主要供應(yīng)商還是各家貨運(yùn)代理公司。相對于航空公司來說,貨運(yùn)代理企業(yè)的規(guī)模,貨量決定了其議價能力:同樣,貨量的多少也決定了快遞公司自身的議價能力。公路運(yùn)輸服務(wù)商。國際快遞的運(yùn)作,除了航空快遞以外,必然

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