謝孟媛英文初級(jí)文法全集筆記完美版

1、1名詞名詞的功用。當(dāng)主語，補(bǔ)語，受詞1.名詞的種類名詞的種類單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)普通名詞普通名詞bookpencil.Dog.Spaceship宇宙飛船、集合名詞集合名詞classfamilyaudience聽眾。例如1.Myfamilyislarge.我家是一個(gè)大家庭。2.Myfamilyareallearlyrisers起早的人。我家人都起的很早.專用名詞專用名詞BobSmithAprilLondon.專用名詞前不能加冠詞不加S下面的專用名詞需

2、要加上定冠詞。Theunitedstates.美國TheunitedNations.聯(lián)合國。物質(zhì)名詞物質(zhì)名詞glasswoodpaperbutterfruit數(shù)字＋容器（度量衡）＋of＋物質(zhì)名詞aloafofbread一片面包。Loavesofbread很多面包Acupofcoffee.一杯咖啡。Asheetofpaper.一張紙。Twosheetsofpaper.兩張紙Aspoonfulofsugar一勺糖。抽象名詞抽象名詞beaut

3、y美麗honesty誠實(shí)love愛patience耐心happiness幸福music音樂。2.名詞的數(shù)名詞的數(shù)單數(shù)個(gè)數(shù)2以上是復(fù)數(shù)名詞字尾加s大多數(shù)dogdogsbookbooksgirlgirls名詞字尾為s.sh.ch.x.o加esclassesbusesdishesbenchesboxes名詞字尾為子音加o，加es如tomatoes例外photospianos名詞字尾為＋y的復(fù)數(shù)名詞要去y＋iesbabybabiesstysti

4、escitycitiesladyladies名詞字尾為f或fe去ffe＋ves如leafleavesknifekniveswifewives例外hkerchiefschiefsroofs不規(guī)則變化的復(fù)數(shù)名名詞字尾加en或ren如Oxoxenchildchildren改變母音如manmenwomanwomengoosegeesetoothteethmousemice單復(fù)數(shù)同形如fishdeersheepchinesesjapaneseOn

5、efishtwofish(個(gè))akindoffishtwokindsoffishes（種）3.名詞的所有格名詞的所有格單數(shù)名詞：名詞s例如TheboysschoolbagJoansdress復(fù)數(shù)名詞：名詞s例如agirlsschoolthesestudentsteacher字尾非s的復(fù)數(shù)名詞:名詞s例如childrensplayground操場(chǎng)特別注意的所有格用法特別注意的所有格用法共同所有格：名詞＋名詞＋名詞s個(gè)別所有格：名詞s＋名詞

6、s＋名詞s1HarryBillsfatherisascientist2.HarrysBillsfathersarescientists（無）生物所有格：A的BBofAthelegsofthetablethedoofthecarthegirlsname有生命的東西可以這樣用thenameofthegirl所有格之后的名詞如在句中非常容易理解時(shí)可以省略1.shesgoingtothedentists2Imethimatthebarbers（

7、shop）3.WeliketoeatlunchatMcDonalds.我們?cè)邴湲?dāng)老吃午餐。3has一般動(dòng)詞的否定句:不可在一般動(dòng)詞后加not必須用助動(dòng)詞dodoesdo用于主詞為Iyou復(fù)數(shù)does用于主詞為第三人稱單數(shù)否定句:主詞＋dodoes＋not＋原型動(dòng)詞Thetwinbrothersgotoschoolbybus.Thetwinbrothersdonotgotoschoolbybus.dontSamhasdinneratthe

8、restaurant.Samdoesnthavedinnerattherestaurant.一般動(dòng)詞的疑問句：DoDoes＋主詞＋動(dòng)詞原型。YouvisityourgrmotheronSunday.DoyouvisityourgrmotheronSundayHecomesfromEngl.DoeshecomefromEngl？dodoes開頭的疑問句回答:用yesno之后用dodoes回答Doesthelittleboygotoscho

9、olYeshedoes.Nohedoesnt一般過去式一般過去式be動(dòng)詞一般動(dòng)詞的過去式動(dòng)詞一般動(dòng)詞的過去式be動(dòng)詞的過去式waswereamisasarewere過去時(shí)be動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)詞表示過去時(shí)間中發(fā)生的狀態(tài)，現(xiàn)在不現(xiàn)在式Heisbusynow.過去式Hewasbusythen.那時(shí)他很忙。時(shí)間副詞改變，動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)也必須改變。Myparentsareathomenow。我的父母現(xiàn)在在家。Myparentswereathomeyesterd

10、ay.我的父母昨天在家。Be動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞(過去式過去式)的否定句的否定句：主詞＋waswere＋notMrbrownwasavet.否定Mrbrownwasntavet.Joebrianwereinthelivingroomatthattime.atthattime=then否定JoebrianwerentinthelivingroomatthattimeBe動(dòng)詞過去式的疑問句：動(dòng)詞過去式的疑問句：waswere＋主詞Wendywasint

11、heseventhgradelastyear.Wendy去年讀7年級(jí)。WasWendyintheseventhgradelastyearWereyouapianistPiano鋼琴pianist鋼琴家。YesIwas.NoIwasnt.一般動(dòng)詞的過去式一般動(dòng)詞的過去式：規(guī)則變化不規(guī)則變化規(guī)則變化ed[t][d][id]無聲則[t]，有聲則[d]字尾是[t]或[d]則[id]原型動(dòng)詞＋edhelped[p][t]spelled[l][d]

12、wanted[t][id]needed原型動(dòng)詞有e＋dloveddancedanced有例外writewte原型動(dòng)詞為子音＋短母音＋子音（本身比較短）：重復(fù)字尾加ed如stoppedplanned原型動(dòng)詞為子音有y去y加ied如studystudiedcrycried不規(guī)則變化eatateread（瑞得）read（瑞愛得）注意寫法一樣讀音不同riderodecomecamehavehadseesawgowentteachtaughtgi