電子商務(wù)中的消費者權(quán)益保護外文翻譯

1、<p>　　畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文）外文翻譯</p><p>　　畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文）題目：電子商務(wù)中的消費者權(quán)益保護</p><p>　　外文題目：Consumer Protection in Electronic Commerce: Some </p><p>　　Remarks on the Jordanian Electronic Transactions L

2、aw </p><p>　　譯文題目：電子商務(wù)中的消費者權(quán)益保護：一些在約旦電子交易活動律法的摘要</p><p>　　學(xué)生姓名： </p><p>　　專 業(yè)： </p><p>　　指導(dǎo)教師：

3、</p><p>　　Consumer Protection in Electronic Commerce: Some Remarks on the Jordanian Electronic Transactions Law</p><p>　　Emad Abdel </p><p>　　Electronic commerce changes the way the

4、 world is conducting business. It offers enormous potential for accessing to new markets and transacting between parties who may have had no previous contact or knowledge. With this modern kind of trade, transactions m

5、ight even be formed by the interaction with or between intelligent software applications without any direct awareness or intervention of the human users. </p><p>　　Electronic commerce may also generate many

6、consumer and legal challenges especially regarding the it between law and technology. The law is not just words on a piece of paper, but it might play an active role in building confidence in e-commerce, encouraging effi

7、cient business practices, and enhancing the commercial flourish in the networked environment. It is quite possible however that the law might contribute in shaking the trust in e-commerce and undermining the security and

8、 reliability of t</p><p>　　It can be said that the success of e-commerce in any country depends primarily on the predictability and suitability of the legal framework and whether such framework copes sensibl

9、y with the needs of online consumers. For e-commerce to reach its full potential, consumers must have effective protection when shopping on the Internet, and they have to feel that their data and transmissions are adeq

10、uately safeguarded and authenticated. Otherwise, the results will be less and less convincing since </p><p>　　Like other countries, Jordan sought to benefit from the advantages and unprecedented opportunitie

11、s of e-commerce. To achieve this goal, considerable economic and legislative reforms were made during the last decade to bring the Jordanian market into conformity with the global economy and shift the Jordanian economy

12、from protected form of economy to the market one, where the competition practices and liberation of goods and services’ prices are freed. In 2001, Jordan enacted the Electronic Transa</p><p>　　After such cha

13、nges and in the light of the Jordanian membership in many international agreements, the pressing question that needs to be addressed is whether or not the Jordanian law of electronic transactions deals appropriately with

14、 the challenges of e-commerce in a way that strikes a balance between business interests and the need to protect consumer rights. In other words, does the Electronic Transactions Law in Jordan offer the necessary guarant

15、ee for a secure online commerce? This question</p><p>　　The Protection of Online Consumers in Jordan</p><p>　　Although e-commerce is growing at a dramatic rate, there are still areas of concern

16、that need to be addressed adequately by the legislation in order to promote trust in e-commerce and remove any barriers to its full development. Such areas of concern revolve in one way or another around the issues of co

17、nsumer protection, privacy, and data protection in an online environment where the contracting parties hardly know each other, and in which electronic communications are rarely subject to direct h</p><p>　　O

18、nline consumers may not use the Internet to make purchases if they find that they do not have a clear protection from unfair contractual terms or that their rights of privacy and transparency are not comprehensively guar

19、anteed. Therefore, it can be argued that the lack of proper legislation may not only shake consumer confidence in online commerce, but it might also threaten the expansion and profitability of e-commerce. It is clear the

20、n that the consumer protection in e-commerce is based on se</p><p>　　Let us now explore the way in which the Electronic Transactions Law deals with such rights and determine whether or not this law gives due

21、 attention to consumer protection in an online environment. Let us further permit and encourage debate of what such law should be in order to enhance legal certainty as well as increase confidence in e-commerce in Jordan

22、. </p><p>　　The Right of Full Information </p><p>　　In order to protect online consumers and boost their confidence in e-commerce, consumer protection rules in most jurisdictions require that ce

23、rtain information must be provided to the consumer in good time before the contract is concluded. Good examples in this regard are the European Directive 2000/31/EEC on electronic commerce, and the European Directive 199

24、7/7/EC on the protection of consumers in respect of distance contracts which contain specific provisions in terms of information to be pro</p><p>　　Unlike the European law, the Electronic Transactions Law in

25、 Jordan does not contemplate the information that the supplier must provide to the consumer before the conclusion of the electronic contract. By doing so, this law leaves this issue to be governed by the general rules of

26、 the Civil Law without in any way recognizing the fact that consumers in an online environment need more protection than that offered by such general rules. Without direct and comprehensible recognition of the full infor

27、m</p><p>　　The Right to Privacy in Personal Data </p><p>　　Many privacy concerns arise in cyberspace where anonymity prevails and in which technology facilitates the collection, processing and t

28、ransmission of individuals’ information in a matter of a few seconds. On a daily basis, the vast majority of Web sites required e-consumers to disclose some personal identifying information as they complete electronic tr

29、ansactions or create online accounts. Such consumers often provide the required personal information without fully understanding how this informa</p><p>　　While some Web sites collect personal information fr

30、om consumers and store it in their databases in order to facilitate transactions and discover consumers’ trends and interests so that they can satisfy the ever-evolving needs of their consumers, other Web sites may colle

31、ct personal information only to sell it to marketing firms or unrelated third parties for a profit. This might not only impact a consumer’s privacy negatively, but it may also cause considerable personal and financial d

32、amage es</p><p>　　Law is also strongly advised to oblige Web sites to notify their customer in advance and in a conspicuous manner of their privacy policy with regard to the collection, use, and disseminatio

33、n of personal information. Such notification must clarify whether or not this information will be shared externally and must also include the identity of the data controller, the purpose for which the data is collected,

34、and the measures that will be taken to guard such data against loss or unauthorised process</p><p>　　Protecting the privacy of personal data is recognized as being important to society and to the development

35、 of e-commerce in Europe. This is why the European Union has enacted Directive 95/96 in 1995 to determine a basic framework for the protection of personal data while at the same time stressing the freedom of movement of

36、personal data between each of the EU’s Member States. This Directive includes an important language that attempts to identify the core rights of data subjects, such as the ri</p><p>　　Unlike the European Uni

37、on, Jordan does not yet have comprehensive legislation pertaining to data privacy. Although the Jordanian Constitution explicitly recognizes the right of each member of the society to maintain and preserve his individual

38、 privacy, and although Jordan signed many international agreements which have insisted on the importance of protecting the privacy of personal data, Jordan has no specific data protection or privacy law, and hence, it re

39、mains unclear how to deal with the co</p><p>　　While the Electronic Transactions Law was well intentioned, its silence with regard to data privacy has effectively undermined the consumer protection which it

40、aimed to provide to Internet users. Instead of safeguarding the rights of consumers to privacy and protection in the online environment, this law says nothing about the collection, use, and disclosure of consumers' p

41、ersonal identifying information. Furthermore, this law does not require e- commerce companies to create a privacy policy or </p><p>　　Privacy is then one of the most complex challenges facing e-commerce in J

42、ordan. Unless the Jordanian legal system meets this challenge adequately in a way that protects the personal information of consumers while also promotes e-commerce efficiency, the interests of Internet users across the

43、country will be largely unprotected. Therefore, law is strongly advised to establish enforceable rules to safeguard users’ rights to privacy in personal data. It is perhaps useful for Jordan to consider the </p>&

44、lt;p>　　Conclusion </p><p>　　Electronic commerce has brought with it a host of new challenges especially in matters of privacy and consumer protection. It has become increasingly certain that the absence o

45、f an appropriate legal framework to deal with such challenges may have a negative effect on the stability and predictability of e-commerce. For most shoppers, feeling that their data and interests are well protected thro

46、ughout the different stages of the electronic contracting process is the most important consideration in</p><p>　　The most important initiative drawing the general features of electronic commerce in Jordan i

47、s the Electronic Transactions Law No. 85 of 2001 which was adopted in order to accommodate the challenging aspects of e-commerce. The examination of this law however does not paint a positive picture of the future of suc

48、h commerce in Jordan. Unfortunately, this law says nothing regarding the protection of consumers' rights in the online environment. Furthermore, this law does not include any measures to </p><p>　　In spi

49、te of the significance now being placed internationally on consumer protection, little attention has been given to such issue in Jordan. At the time of writing, Jordan does not yet have specific legislation pertaining to

50、 the protection of online consumers. While consumers in most jurisdictions receive the benefit of a wide range of consumer protection laws, there is no detailed or comprehensive legal framework in Jordan for consumer pro

51、tection. Although the general rules of the Jordanian </p><p>　　Although Jordan has proceeded with upgrading its legislation to meet challenges brought by e-commerce, it needs to do more in order to secure a

52、 suitable climate for e-commerce and enhance the confidence in conducting business online. In matters of privacy and consumer protection, Jordan should seek to establish explicit rules to safeguard consumers’ interests w

53、ithout invoking and depending on the general rules of the Civil Law or on other traditional laws which may not be applicable for the Inte</p><p>　　From:Jordan electronic trading activities of the law</p&g

54、t;<p>　　電子商務(wù)中的消費者權(quán)益保護：一些備注在約旦電子交易活動的律法</p><p><b>　　阿曼德 阿布戴爾</b></p><p>　　電子商務(wù)改變世界的方式開展業(yè)務(wù)。它提供了巨大的潛力訪問新市場和交易當(dāng)事人之間,他們可能沒有以往的接觸或知識。這個現(xiàn)代種交易,交易甚至可能是由相互之間沒有任何直接的智能軟件應(yīng)用意識或干預(yù)人類的用戶。<

55、/p><p>　　電子商務(wù)可能也將產(chǎn)生許多的消費者和法律上的挑戰(zhàn)尤其是對于在法律和技術(shù)。律法原不只是文字游戲在一張紙上,但是它可以起到積極的作用建立自信的在電子商務(wù)中,鼓勵有效的商業(yè)實踐,提高商業(yè)繁榮在網(wǎng)絡(luò)環(huán)境。很可能,然而,法律可能會引起的信任在電子商務(wù)握手、破壞的安全性和可靠性的網(wǎng)絡(luò)環(huán)境中。</p><p>　　可以說,成功的電子商務(wù)在任何國家主要取決于這種可預(yù)測性和適用性的法律框架,不論

56、該框架所要求的在線理智的消費者。電子商務(wù)及其潛能,必須有效保護消費者網(wǎng)上購物的時候,他們必須感覺到自己的數(shù)據(jù)和傳輸充分維護和驗證。否則,結(jié)果會越來越令人信服的自人士將不愿意從事電子商務(wù)的宇宙里,因此,電子商務(wù)就不會長得茂盛,它的發(fā)展將會是窒息。</p><p>　　像其他的國家,約旦尋求受益的電子商務(wù)的優(yōu)勢和前所未有的機遇。為了實現(xiàn)這一目標(biāo),可觀的經(jīng)濟和立法改革是在過去的十年里將約旦市場整合與全球經(jīng)濟的聯(lián)系和約旦

57、經(jīng)濟轉(zhuǎn)變形式的經(jīng)濟保護投放市場,那里的競爭行為和解放的貨物和服務(wù)的價格都是空閑的。在2001年,喬丹電子交易方制定了法律,在很大程度上是基于依UNCITRAL示范法》的電子商務(wù)。此法已認(rèn)可的電子交易和簽名,放在平等的柜臺-部分論文。此外,喬丹簽署并加入許多國際條約和協(xié)定,美國和歐洲水平,以創(chuàng)造良好的電子商務(wù)的氣候和滿足標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的國際貿(mào)易。</p><p>　　在變更后，針對約旦會員國在許多國際協(xié)議中，需要解決的緊迫問

58、題是， 約旦電子商務(wù)法對于電子交易中商業(yè)利益和需要保障的消費者權(quán)益之間的平衡是否會造成影響。換句話說，約旦電子商務(wù)法是否為一個安全的網(wǎng)上貿(mào)易提供了必要保證？因此，這個問題將是本文的題材。 </p><p>　　約旦的網(wǎng)上消費者保護 </p><p>　　雖然電子商務(wù)正以驚人的速度成長 ，仍有令人關(guān)切的領(lǐng)域 ，需要通過充分立法加以解決，促進(jìn)電子商務(wù)信任和消除任何阻礙其充分發(fā)展。這些被關(guān)注的領(lǐng)

59、域是以一種或另一種方式圍繞著消費者保護，隱私和數(shù)據(jù)保護，在在線環(huán)境下締約方不了解對方。并且電子通訊很少受到人類直接審查。</p><p>　　在線消費者可能不使用互聯(lián)網(wǎng)購物 如果他們發(fā)現(xiàn)沒有一個明確的保護對于不公平合同條款或他們的隱私權(quán)以及透明度是不完全的。因此，可以認(rèn)為，缺乏適當(dāng)?shù)牧⒎ú粌H可以撼動消費者在線商務(wù)的信心，并且它也可能威脅到電子商務(wù)的拓展和利潤。很明顯，電子商務(wù)中消費者權(quán)益保護的基礎(chǔ)是幾種權(quán)利 ，

60、比如說知情權(quán)，隱私權(quán)，有權(quán)撤銷合同并不被處罰，在遇到不公平合同條約時得到有效保護的權(quán)力。</p><p>　　現(xiàn)在讓我們探討一下，電子交易法處理此類權(quán)利和確定該法是否對保護消費者在網(wǎng)上環(huán)境給予了應(yīng)有的注意。讓我們進(jìn)一步允許和鼓勵辯論為了為了提高法律的確定性，以及增加信心，電子商務(wù)在約旦。</p><p><b>　　知情權(quán)</b></p><p&g

61、t;　　為了保護消費者和促進(jìn)電子商務(wù)的信心， 消費者保護規(guī)則在大多數(shù)地區(qū)需要一定的信息必須提供給消費者前及時簽訂合同。 在這方面的很好的例子，歐盟指令2000 / 31 /歐共體對電子商務(wù)，和歐洲指令1997 / 7 /歐共體在保護消費者方面的遠(yuǎn)距離合同包含具體規(guī)定方面的信息提供給消費者。該指令的目的是通過澄清企業(yè)和消費者之間的權(quán)力與義務(wù)來鼓勵更多地使用電子商務(wù)，提高透明度，并打破壁壘在歐洲。為了實現(xiàn)這些目標(biāo)，這些指令需要一定的信息提供

62、給消費者一個明確的考慮到商業(yè)誠信原則以及未成年消費者和持不同意見者的合理遠(yuǎn)程通訊手段。這些指令堅持，網(wǎng)絡(luò)服務(wù)提供者必須提供能很容易直接和永久能聯(lián)系到他們的服務(wù)接受者的方式。</p><p>　　不同于歐洲法律，約旦的電子交易法不考慮供應(yīng)商在締結(jié)合同之前必須提供給消費者的信息。由于這樣做，這項法律使這個問題在民法通則中沒有以任何方式得到承認(rèn)，消費者在網(wǎng)絡(luò)環(huán)境，需要比一般規(guī)則中得到更多的保護。 沒有對于知情權(quán)的充分理

63、解和認(rèn)識，供應(yīng)商可能有絕對的權(quán)力約束他們的消費者，不管他們是否提供必要的信息，簽訂合同 ，消費者可能因此成為主要的保護目標(biāo)。 如果創(chuàng)建一個自信和保護環(huán)境網(wǎng)上消費者是我們的關(guān)注，更應(yīng)該關(guān)注的是電子交易法解決此類問題的特殊職責(zé)明確供應(yīng)商應(yīng)該提供的信息， 某些細(xì)節(jié)必須在簽訂合同之前或者簽訂合同后的合理時間內(nèi)提供給消費者。</p><p><b>　　對個人資料的隱私權(quán)</b></p>

64、<p>　　隱私關(guān)注出現(xiàn)在網(wǎng)絡(luò)空間的匿名的盛行，其技術(shù)便于收集，處理和傳輸個人信息只是幾秒鐘的事。 在日常生活中，絕大部分的網(wǎng)站需要消費者披露一些個人識別信息作為他們完成電子交易或創(chuàng)建的網(wǎng)上帳戶。 這些消費者往往在沒有充分了解這些信息將如何使用以及是否會與第三方共享的情況下提供了所需的個人資料。 他們那樣做只是完成交易或訪問一個他們追求服務(wù)因為他們知道任何拒絕提交所需信息將阻礙進(jìn)一步的有意義的網(wǎng)站上使用，因此，他們會發(fā)現(xiàn)自己

65、無法完成他們的購買。 </p><p>　　雖然一些網(wǎng)站收集消費者的個人信息，并存儲在它的數(shù)據(jù)庫， 以便促進(jìn)交易和發(fā)現(xiàn)消費者趨勢和利益，使他們能夠滿足不斷變化的需求的消費者， 有些網(wǎng)站卻會將收集的個人資料賣給營銷公司或無關(guān)的第三方謀取利潤。 這不僅會影響消費者的隱私權(quán)，而且它也可能造成相當(dāng)大的個人和財務(wù)損傷尤其是在非常敏感資料落入錯誤的人手里。 問題更為復(fù)雜的是一旦這些數(shù)據(jù)離開初始收集者，可能被從全世界任何地方偷

66、盜或者匿名購買。在這種情況下，它應(yīng)該不足為奇，如果消費者不知道誰購買他們的個人信息，目的，以及這種信息被如何使用。 法律還強烈建議給網(wǎng)站提前以明顯的方式通知其客戶，他們的隱私政策方面的收集，使用，和個人信息傳播。 該通知除說明是否會共享信息外還必須包括身份數(shù)據(jù)監(jiān)控器，收集數(shù)據(jù)的目的，并將采取何種防范措施，這樣的數(shù)據(jù)在丟失或未經(jīng)授權(quán)的處理。通過這樣做，法律將使消費者能夠在提交他們的個人信息之前做出明智的決定，并為他們提供選項以及信息可能被

67、用于超出必要達(dá)成交易。 </p><p>　　在歐洲保護隱私的個人數(shù)據(jù)被公認(rèn)對于社會和電子商務(wù)發(fā)展同樣重要。這就是為什么在1995年歐盟頒布95/96指令來確定保護個人資料的基本框架的同時，強調(diào)在歐盟各國之間個人數(shù)據(jù)的自由傳播。該指令包括一個重要的語言，試圖確定核心的數(shù)據(jù)對象，如有權(quán)知道數(shù)據(jù)是對他們的性質(zhì)和宗旨的加工。此外，該指令需要的任何后續(xù)使用或轉(zhuǎn)讓的數(shù)據(jù)必須是合理的，有光名目的獲得 。</p>

68、<p>　　與歐盟不同，約旦還沒有全面的有關(guān)資料隱私的立法。雖然約旦憲法明確承認(rèn)社會的每一個成員有維持和保護自己的個人隱私的權(quán)力，雖然約旦丹簽署了許多國際協(xié)定所堅持保護個人數(shù)據(jù)隱私的重要性，約旦并沒有具體的數(shù)據(jù)隱私保護法。 因此，它仍然不清楚如何應(yīng)對收集，處理，傳播和識別消費者的個人信息。事實上，盡管約旦在過去的十年中經(jīng)歷了重大的立法改革和修訂，沒有這樣的改革和修正案規(guī)定的隱私在網(wǎng)上簽約。</p><p&

69、gt;　　雖然電子交易法是善意的 ，它是低效的關(guān)于數(shù)據(jù)隱私，已經(jīng)有效地削弱了消費者保護，它的目的是提供給互聯(lián)網(wǎng)用戶。而維護消費者權(quán)益和隱私保護的網(wǎng)絡(luò)環(huán)境，這項法律沒有說收集，使用，披露和識別消費者的個人信息。此外，本法不需要電子商務(wù)公司創(chuàng)造一個隱私政策或通知其客戶的目的是為個人數(shù)據(jù)的收集從他們。在這種情況下，人們可以得出這樣的結(jié)論：公司擁有太多的權(quán)力，以確定以何種方式收集和處理消費者的個人資料，而這些公司是絕對自由出售，交換，或租消費者

70、數(shù)據(jù)，任何他們想要的人沒有任何恐懼，法律會妨礙或者跟蹤他們的行動。根據(jù)現(xiàn)行法律體系在喬丹，網(wǎng)上消費者無法控制自己提交的資料，或在隨后的使用這些信息，它仍然難以在提交他們的個人信息前作出明智的決定。</p><p>　　隱私權(quán)是一個最復(fù)雜的挑戰(zhàn)，對于約旦的電子商務(wù)。除非約旦法律系統(tǒng)充分滿足了這一挑戰(zhàn)的方式，保護消費者個人信息的同時也促進(jìn)了電子商務(wù)的效率，互聯(lián)網(wǎng)用戶的利益，整個國家才能在很大程度上受保護。因此，法律是

71、強烈建議建立強制執(zhí)行的規(guī)則，保護用戶的個人數(shù)據(jù)隱私權(quán)。歐盟的個人數(shù)據(jù)保護指令可能是有用的對于約旦考慮公平信息實踐的保護個人數(shù)據(jù)。這也將是有益的，在這方面考慮到經(jīng)濟合作與發(fā)展組織（經(jīng)合組織）的隱私準(zhǔn)則。</p><p><b>　　結(jié)論</b></p><p>　　電子商務(wù)帶來了一系列新的挑戰(zhàn)，尤其在隱私權(quán)和消費者保護。它已成為越來越肯定的，缺乏適當(dāng)?shù)姆煽蚣艿?，處理這

72、些挑戰(zhàn)可能對于電子商務(wù)的穩(wěn)定性和可預(yù)測性產(chǎn)生負(fù)面影響。大多數(shù)購物者，覺得自己的數(shù)據(jù)和利益保護整個不同階段的電子訂約過程是最重要對于是否考慮在網(wǎng)上購物。如果消費者認(rèn)為他們的權(quán)利可能受到侵犯或他們的利益可能無法有效和明確的保障，那么他們可能不太愿意從事網(wǎng)上的活動和交易。因此，主要的挑戰(zhàn)就是如何處理法律與電子商務(wù)的方式，促進(jìn)信任進(jìn)行業(yè)務(wù)在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上，并同時保護基本權(quán)利的網(wǎng)上消費者權(quán)利等方面的充分信息，正確的有有效的保護，免受不公平合同條款，有權(quán)

73、審查合同或退出，和隱私的權(quán)利。</p><p>　　盡管在國際市場上保護消費者具有重要意義，但是在約旦卻很少有人意識到這一點。在寫作本文的時候，約旦尚沒有關(guān)于保護消費者的法律。當(dāng)消費者在大多數(shù)地區(qū)獲得的利益范圍廣泛的消費者保護法，但在約旦沒有詳細(xì)、全面的法律框架，保護消費者。 雖然約旦民法中含有一種或另一種間接消費者保護的一般規(guī)則，但由于在數(shù)碼世界在線和離線環(huán)境之間的根本區(qū)別這些規(guī)則可能并不充分。 </p&

74、gt;<p>　　盡管約旦已經(jīng)進(jìn)行升級其立法以符合電子商務(wù)帶來的挑戰(zhàn)，它需要為電子商務(wù)和增強信網(wǎng)上交易信心做更多以確保適宜的環(huán)境。有關(guān)隱私和保護消費者，約旦應(yīng)尋求建立明確的規(guī)則以維護消費者的利益，而援引和根據(jù)民法通則或其他傳統(tǒng)法律可能無法適用于互聯(lián)網(wǎng)。為實現(xiàn)電子商務(wù)充分發(fā)揮其潛力，約旦也強烈建議制定有效的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，確保有足夠的消費者保護和適當(dāng)?shù)难a救手段到位的規(guī)則。歐洲指令或經(jīng)合組織準(zhǔn)則可能是有用的對于約旦考慮消費者保護原則 。