簡介：中原工學(xué)院信息商務(wù)學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）譯文專用紙第1頁FLASH動畫在現(xiàn)代教學(xué)中，傳統(tǒng)的教學(xué)已經(jīng)不能滿足現(xiàn)代教學(xué)的要求，這對教學(xué)方式和教師等都提出了更高的要求，所以對于FLASH制作動畫課件的研制有著極為重要的意義。FLASH不僅能使學(xué)習(xí)者加深對所學(xué)知識的理解，提高學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)興趣和教師的教學(xué)效率，同時也能為課件增加生動的藝術(shù)效果，有助于學(xué)科知識的表達(dá)和傳播。為了為學(xué)生提供直觀的實(shí)驗(yàn)過程，提高學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)效率，F(xiàn)LASH動畫在教學(xué)中的應(yīng)用十分必要。本論文以制作蛋白質(zhì)透析動畫為例，闡述了利用擁有強(qiáng)大能力和獨(dú)特的交互性的FLASH80制作實(shí)驗(yàn)動畫的整個過程和有關(guān)事宜。1什么是FLASHFLASH是一種創(chuàng)作工具，設(shè)計(jì)人員和開發(fā)人員可使用它來創(chuàng)建演示文稿、應(yīng)用程序和其它允許用戶交互的內(nèi)容。FLASH可以包含簡單的動畫、視頻內(nèi)容、復(fù)雜演示文稿和應(yīng)用程序以及介于它們之間的任何內(nèi)容。通常，使用FLASH創(chuàng)作的各個內(nèi)容單元稱為應(yīng)用程序，即使它們可能只是很簡單的動畫。您可以通過添加圖片、聲音、視頻和特殊效果，構(gòu)建包含豐富媒體的FLASH應(yīng)用程序。FLASH特別適用于創(chuàng)建通過INTERNET提供的內(nèi)容，因?yàn)樗奈募浅Ｐ?。FLASH是通過廣泛使用矢量圖形做到這一點(diǎn)的。與位圖圖形相比，矢量圖形需要的內(nèi)存和存儲空間小很多，因?yàn)樗鼈兪且詳?shù)學(xué)公式而不是大型數(shù)據(jù)集來表示的。位圖圖形之所以更大，是因?yàn)閳D像中的每個像素都需要一組單獨(dú)的數(shù)據(jù)來表示。中原工學(xué)院信息商務(wù)學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）譯文專用紙第3頁放。2使用FLASH可以做什么使用FLASH中的諸多功能，可以創(chuàng)建許多類型的應(yīng)用程序。以下是FLASH能夠生成的應(yīng)用程序種類的一些示例動畫動畫包括橫幅廣告、聯(lián)機(jī)賀卡、卡通畫等。許多其它類型的FLASH應(yīng)用程序也包含動畫元素。游戲游戲許多游戲都是使用FLASH構(gòu)建的。游戲通常結(jié)合了FLASH的動畫功能和ACTIONSCRIPT的邏輯功能。用戶界面用戶界面許多WEB站點(diǎn)設(shè)計(jì)人員使用FLASH設(shè)計(jì)用戶界面。它可以是簡單的導(dǎo)航欄，也可以是復(fù)雜得多的界面。靈活消息區(qū)域靈活消息區(qū)域設(shè)計(jì)人員使用WEB頁中的這些區(qū)域顯示可能會不斷變化的信息。餐廳WEB站點(diǎn)上的靈活消息區(qū)域FMA可能顯示每天的特價菜單。豐富豐富INTERNETINTERNET應(yīng)用程序應(yīng)用程序這包括多種類別的應(yīng)用程序，它們提供豐富的用戶界面，用于通過INTERNET顯示和操作遠(yuǎn)程存儲的數(shù)據(jù)。豐富INTERNET應(yīng)用程序可以是一個日歷應(yīng)用程序、價格查詢應(yīng)用程序、購物目錄、教育和測試應(yīng)用程序，或者任何其它使用豐富圖形界面提供遠(yuǎn)程數(shù)據(jù)的應(yīng)用程序。根據(jù)您的項(xiàng)目和工作方式，您可以按不同的順序使用上述步驟。隨著對FLASH及其工作流程的不斷熟悉，您會發(fā)現(xiàn)一種最適合自己的工作方式。3關(guān)于ACTIONSCRIPT和事件在MACROMEDIAFLASHBASIC8和MACROMEDIAFLASHPROFESSIONAL8中，事件發(fā)生時會執(zhí)行ACTIONSCRIPT代碼例如，在加載影片剪輯時、在進(jìn)入時間軸

簡介：中文中文4940字出處出處WIRELESSCOMMUNICATIONS,NETWORKINGANDMOBILECOMPUTINGWICOM,20117THINTERNATIONALCONFERENCEONIEEE,201114ACOALMINEENVIRONMENTALMONITORSYSTEMWITHLOCALIZATIONFUNCTIONBASEDONZIGBEECOMPLIANTPLATFORMDONGXUANYANGCOLLEGEOFCOMPUTERANDINFORMATIONENGINEERINGBEIJINGTECHNOLOGYANDBUSINESSUNIVERSITYBEIJING,CHINAYANCHENCOLLEGEOFCOMPUTERANDINFORMATIONENGINEERINGBEIJINGTECHNOLOGYANDBUSINESSUNIVERSITYBEIJING,CHINABJCHY2003163COMKEDONGWANGCOLLEGEOFCOMPUTERANDINFORMATIONENGINEERINGBEIJINGTECHNOLOGYANDBUSINESSUNIVERSITYBEIJING,CHINAABSTRACTTHISPAPERDESCRIBESANDIMPLEMENTSANEWTYPEOFCOALMINESAFETYMONITORINGSYSTEM,ITISAKINDOFWIRELESSSENSORNETWORKSYSTEMBASEDONZIGBEETECHNOLOGYTHESYSTEMCONSISTSOFTWOPARTSUNDERGROUNDANDSURFACEWIRELESSSENSORNETWORKSARECONSTITUTEDBYFIXEDNODES,MOBILENODESANDAGATEWAYINUNDERGROUNDPCMONITORINGSOFTWAREISDEPLOYEDINTHESURFACETHESYSTEMCANNOTONLYGATHERREALTIMEENVIRONMENTALDATAFORMINE,BUTALSOCALCULATETHEREALTIMELOCATIONOFMOBILENODESWORNBYMINERSKEYWORDSZIGBEELOCALIZATIONWIRELESSSENSORNETWORKSCOALMINEIRESEARCHSTATUSASANIMPORTANTENERGY,COALPLAYSAPIVOTALROLEINTHEECONOMICDEVELOPMENTCOALMINEMONITORINGSYSTEM,ISTHEIMPORTANTGUARANTEEFORCOALMINESAFETYANDHIGHEFFICIENCYPRODUCTION1INORDERTOENSURETHESAFEOPERATION,THEINSTALLATIONOFENVIRONMENTMONITORINGNODEINTUNNELSTOREALTIMEDETECTIONISVERYIMPORTANTHOWEVER,COMMONLYUSEDTRADITIONALMONITORINGNODEWIREDCONNECTIONTOOBTAINCOMMUNICATIONWITHTHECONTROLSYSTEM,THISNODEEXISTWIRINGDIFFICULTIES,EXPENSIVEANDOTHERSHORTCOMINGSINCONTRAST,WIRELESSSENSORNODECANBEEASILYWITHCURRENTMINEMONITORINGNETWORKCONNECTION,ANDGOODCOMPATIBILITY,FACILITATECONSTITUTEDMINEGASMONITORINGNETWORK,TOSUITVARIOUSSIZEOFMINEAPPLICATIONSSINCEWIRELESSNODESAREBATTERYPOWERED,SOCOMPLETELYOUTOFTHESHACKLESOFTHECABLE,SHORTENTHEENVIRONMENTWHITASPECIALHARDWARECIRCUITNODEPHOTOARESHOWNINFIG1THENWIRELESSMICROCONTROLLERCC2530CHIPISTHECOREPROCESSOROFTHENODEDEVICE,ITCANCONSTITUTEAZIGBEENETWORKWITHVERYFEWPERIPHERALCIRCUITSTHECC2530ISANIEEE802154COMPLIANTTRUESYSTEMONCHIP,SUPPORTINGTHEPROPRIETARY802154MARKETASWELLASTHEZIGBEE,ZIGBEEPRO,ANDZIGBEERF4CESTANDARDSUNLIKEOTHERWIRELESSCHIP,CC2530BUILTIN8051MONOLITHICINTEGRATEDCIRCUITSKERNEL,THEREFOREWENOLONGERNEEDTOUSEASINGLEMCUTOCONTROLTHECIRCUIT,ANDTHISSAVEUSALOTOFCOST5AMOBILENODETHEMOBILENODEISTHEENDDEVICEOFAZIGBEENETWORKTHATCANBECARRIEDBYMINERITSHOULDBEAPORTABLEANDLOWPOWERCONSUMPTIONNODESOTHEMOBILENODEWEDESIGNEDISONLYASSMALLASAMOBILEPHONE,ANDITISBYBUILTINLITHIUMIONBATTERYPOWERSUPPLYINPOWERLOSS,THECOREPROCESSORCC2530ISALOWPOWERCONSUMPTIONCHIP,WHENITISINTHESLEEPMODE,ITONLYNEEDTOUSELESSTHEN1UAWORKCURRENTINORDERTOREDUCEPOWERCONSUMPTIONASMUCHASPOSSIBLEONTHEDISPLAY,A10032PIXELMATRIXWITHNOBACKLIGHTINGLCDSCREENWASUSEDTHEBATTERY’SCAPACITYOFTHEMOBILENODEIS1500MAH,SOITISENOUGHTOMEETTHEMINER’SLONGHOURWORKSINTHEUNDERGROUNDTHEBATTERYCHARGEMANAGEMENTCHIPISTP4057,THEMAXIMUMCHARGECURRENTCANUPTO500MAFIGURE1NODEPHOTOTHEMOBILENODECIRCUITINCLUDESTHEGASCONCENTRATIONSENSORMJ40ANDTEMPERATURESENSORPT1000ASFARASWEKNOW,MANYWIRELESSSENSORPLATFORMSUSETHEDIGITALTYPESENSORTHECOMMUNICATIONBETWEENTHEDIGITALSENSORANDTHEMCUNEEDSTRICTTIMINGREQUIREMENTSBUTCONSIDERINGTHEACTUALAPPLICATION,THEWIRELESSMCUUSUALLYHASAREALTIMEOPERATINGSYSTEMINGENERAL,IFWEUSETHEMICROCOMPUTERTOSIMULATETHESTRICTTIMING,ITWILLAFFECTTHEREALTIMEOFWHOLEOPERATINGSYSTEMTHESETWOSENSORSOUTPUTANALOGSIGNALSNOTDIGITALSIGNALSONLY

簡介：外文翻譯INDEPENDENTDIRECTORSANEWCHAPTEROFTHEDEVELOPMENTOFCORPORATEGOVERNANCEINCHINAMATERIALSOURCEJIANQIAOUNIVERSITYAUTHORHELENWEIHUTHISPAPEREXAMINESTHEDEVELOPMENTOFCORPORATEGOVERNANCEINCHINA,WITHAFOCUSONINDEPENDENTDIRECTORSCORPORATEGOVERNANCEISREGARDEDASTHECOREOFTHEONGOINGSTATEOWNEDENTERPRISESSOESREFORM,ANDTHENEWLYINTRODUCEDINDEPENDENTDIRECTORSYSTEMISVIEWEDASAREVOLUTIONARYCHANGETOTHECHINESECORPORATEGOVERNANCEDEVELOPMENTTHISPAPERANALYSESTHECHARACTERISTICSOFINDEPENDENTDIRECTORSINTHECHINESECONTEXT,PROPOSESFIVEINTERNALFACTORSTHATWOULDAFFECTINDEPENDENTDIRECTORS’PERFORMANCE,NAMELYINDEPENDENCE,REMUNERATION,QUALIFICATION,ASSURANCEANDAUTONOMYITISSUGGESTEDTHATTHESEFACTORSAREESSENTIALFORINDEPENDENTDIRECTORSYSTEMTOWORKEFFECTIVELY,ANDHENCEWILLLEADTOBETTERBOARDPERFORMANCE1INTRODUCTIONCHINALAUNCHEDAMAJORECONOMICREFORMANDLIBERALISATIONPROGRAMIN1978,WHICHTRANSFORMEDTHEPLANNEDECONOMYTOAMARKETECONOMYSINCETHEN,THEREFORMOFSTATEOWNEDENTERPRISESSOESHASBEENCONSIDEREDTHEKEYTOTHESUCCESSOFCHINASECONOMICGROWTHIN1992,THECHINESEGOVERNMENTREFORMEDITSSOESTHROUGHCORPORATISATION,ANDTHECONCEPTOF“MODERNENTERPRISES”WASINTRODUCEDACCORDINGLYDURINGTHISPROCESS,THESEPARATIONOFSTATEOWNERSHIPANDCONTROLWASADOPTED,ANDCOMPANYMANAGERSWEREGRANTEDFOURTEENCONTROLRIGHTSINJULY1992HOWEVER,WITHINCREASEDMANAGERIALAUTONOMYANDUNCLEARLYDEFINEDPROPERTYRIGHTS,THEAGENCYPROBLEMOFCHINESEMANAGERSWASMORESERIOUSTHANTHATINWESTERNCOUNTRIESINSIDERCONTROLPROBLEMSOCCURREDDURINGTHESOEREFORMEXAMPLESOFTHESEPROBLEMSINCLUDECOLLUSIONBETWEENMANAGERSANDWORKERSTRANSFERRINGFIRMASSETSFROMTHESTATEOWNEDENTERPRISETONONSTATEOWNEDENTERPRISETAXEVASIONANDCORRUPTIONAMONGSOES’MANAGERS,ANDULTIMATELYLEDTOPOORFIRMPERFORMANCEINFACT,THEEXISTENCEOFINSIDERCONTROLPROBLEMCANBEEXPLAINEDBYTHEFUNDAMENTALPRINCIPLEOFAGENCYTHEORY,WHICHISTHECONFLICTOFINTERESTSBETWEENTHEPRINCIPALOWNERANDTHEAGENTMANAGERHENCE,ANEFFECTIVECONTROLMECHANISMNEEDSTOBECOUNTRY’SECONOMYINAUGUST2001,THECHINASECURITIESREGULATORYCOMMISSIONCSRCRELEASEDTHE“GUIDELINESFORINTRODUCINGINDEPENDENTDIRECTORSTOTHEBOARDOFDIRECTORSOFLISTEDCOMPANIES”CSRC,2001HEREAFTERREFERREDTOASTHE“GUIDELINE”TOSTRENGTHENTHEIMPORTANCEOFBOARDINDEPENDENCE,ANDPROTECTTHEINTERESTSOFNEARLY60MILLIONCHINESESHAREHOLDERSFOURMONTHSLATER,THE“CODEOFCORPORATEGOVERNANCEFORLISTEDCOMPANIESINCHINA”CSRC,2002HEREAFTERREFERREDTOASTHE“CODE”WASINTRODUCEDTOFURTHERSPEEDUPTHEDEVELOPMENTPROCESS,ANDHENCEIMPROVEINDIVIDUALCOMPANY’SCORPORATEGOVERNANCEPRACTICEAFTERINTRODUCINGTHEINDEPENDENTDIRECTORSYSTEM,THEREMAININGQUESTIONIS,“WILLFIRMHAVEBETTERPERFORMANCEBYHAVINGINDEPENDENTDIRECTORSONTHEBOARD”STUDIESFROMTHEWESTSHOWTHATTHEREARESOMECONTROVERSIALVIEWSONTHEEFFECTIVENESSOFBOARDINDEPENDENCEINRELATIONTOFIRMPERFORMANCEONTHEONEHAND,SOMERESEARCHERSAGREETHATINDEPENDENTDIRECTORSDOHAVEAPOSITIVERELATIONSHIPONFIRM’SCORPORATEPERFORMANCEEARLYWORKBYFAMAANDJENSENCONTENDSTHATINDEPENDENTDIRECTORSPROVIDEAMEANSTOMONITORMANAGEMENTACTIVITIESTHROUGHANINCREASEDFOCUSONFIRMFINANCIALPERFORMANCELEE,ROSENSTEINANDRANGANSUPPORTTHISVIEW,PROVIDEEVIDENCETHATBOARDSDOMINATEDBYOUTSIDEDIRECTORSAREASSOCIATEDWITHHIGHERRETURNSTHANTHOSEDOMINATEDBYINSIDERSSIMILARLY,PEARCEANDZAHRAPOINTOUTTHATTHEREISAPOSITIVECORRELATIONBETWEENTHEPROPORTIONOFINDEPENDENTDIRECTORSANDFIRMFINANCIALPERFORMANCEBAYSINGERANDBUTLERREPORTTHATCHANGESINBOARDCOMPOSITIONOVERATENYEARPERIODFROM1970STO1980SAPPEARHAVEACAUSALRELATIONSHIPWITHACCOUNTINGPERFORMANCEINADDITION,MILLSTEINANDMACAVOYFINDASTATISTICALLYSIGNIFICANTRELATIONSHIPBETWEENACTIVE,INDEPENDENTBOARDSANDSUPERIORFIRMPERFORMANCEONTHEOTHERHAND,FURTHERMORE,ROSENSTEINANDWYATTARGUETHATINSIDERSAREMOREEFFECTIVEBECAUSETHEYHAVESUPERIORKNOWLEDGEOFTHEFIRMANDITSINDUSTRYTHANOUTSIDEDIRECTORS,ANDTHEYAREJUSTASDILIGENTASOUTSIDEDIRECTORS,GIVENTHEIRLEGALRESPONSIBILITIESANDTHEIROWNINTERESTSINTHEFIRMSIMILARLY,BHAGATANDBLACKALSOSTATETHEREISNOCONVINCINGEVIDENCESUGGESTINGTHATGREATERINDEPENDENCERESULTSINBETTERPERFORMANCE,BUTSOMEEVIDENCESHOWSTHATFIRMSWITHSUPERMAJORITYINDEPENDENTDIRECTORSPERFORMWORSETHANOTHERSFROMTHEABOVEDISCUSSIONS,ITISOBVIOUSTHATSCHOLARSHAVENOTREACHEDACONSENSUSVIEWOFTHEBOARDCOMPOSITIONINTHECORPORATEGOVERNANCELITERATUREMOREOVER,THEIMPORTANCEOFINDEPENDENTDIRECTORSASAGOVERNANCEMECHANISMTOPROTECTSHAREHOLDERS’INTERESTSANDSAFEGUARDMANAGERIALEMPLOYMENTCONTRACTSIS

簡介：畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)論文外文資料翻譯學(xué)院院交通工程學(xué)院專業(yè)業(yè)物流工程專業(yè)姓名名學(xué)號號外文出外文出處處INSTITUTEOFELECTRICALANDELECTRONICSENGINEERS用外文寫附件件1外文資料翻譯譯文；2外文原文。指導(dǎo)教師評語選材適當(dāng)，符合畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）大綱要求，翻譯語句基本通順，譯義與原文基本相符，個別詞語及語句翻譯不夠貼切。翻譯基本正確。附件附件1外文資料翻譯譯文外文資料翻譯譯文電子商務(wù)環(huán)境下的逆向物流分析電子商務(wù)環(huán)境下的逆向物流分析QUNLIQUNLIWU,WU,SHENGCAISHENGCAILIULIUDEPARTMENTDEPARTMENTOFOFBUSINESSBUSINESSMANAGEMENTMANAGEMENTNORTHNORTHCHINACHINAELECTRICELECTRICPOWERPOWERUNIVERSITY,UNIVERSITY,BAODING071003,BAODING071003,CHINACHINALIUSHENGCAI2003163COMLIUSHENGCAI2003163COM摘要隨著全球可持續(xù)發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略的進(jìn)一步研究，越來越多的企業(yè)已經(jīng)確定的經(jīng)濟(jì)和生態(tài)環(huán)境之間的和諧發(fā)展。在這樣的背景下，出現(xiàn)逆向物流。逆向物流是在物流管理中的一個新的領(lǐng)域，在圈內(nèi)的業(yè)務(wù)和理論吸引了越來越多的關(guān)注。它有很多的優(yōu)勢，降低生產(chǎn)成本，提高客戶的滿意度和增強(qiáng)企業(yè)競爭力的，這是對我們的業(yè)務(wù)實(shí)踐具有十分重要的意義。逆向物流的作用和其在國外的發(fā)展情況。從分析電子商務(wù)環(huán)境下的逆向物流的過程和特點(diǎn)，本文逆向物流的電子商務(wù)模式進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)的分析，然后提出了三種形式，支持實(shí)施逆向物流的逆向物流和建議。企業(yè)可以通過使用逆向物流，實(shí)現(xiàn)可持續(xù)發(fā)展的目標(biāo)，并幫助他們在自己的行業(yè)競爭，尤其是在面對激烈的競爭和利潤率低。關(guān)鍵詞關(guān)鍵詞逆向物流電子商務(wù)模式1介紹介紹根據(jù)理事會的物流管理協(xié)會（CLM）的定義，逆向物流是一個過程，在該過程中的生產(chǎn)系統(tǒng)接受以前發(fā)運(yùn)的產(chǎn)品或消費(fèi)部分從點(diǎn)可能的循環(huán)再利用，再制造或出售。它已經(jīng)收到了極大的關(guān)注，從運(yùn)營經(jīng)理和公司高管。它包括幾個關(guān)鍵環(huán)節(jié)，如恢復(fù)，檢查過程中，分區(qū)和后處理和丟棄策略,已被許多研究人員調(diào)查的問題。越來越多的，嚴(yán)格的環(huán)境和包裝的法規(guī)，迫使企業(yè)更加負(fù)責(zé)的最終產(chǎn)品，不久后，他們銷售的產(chǎn)品。近年來，逆向物流的發(fā)展是相當(dāng)迅速的，尤其是在發(fā)達(dá)國家。美國，日本和其他歐洲發(fā)達(dá)國家逆向物流實(shí)踐已經(jīng)遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)領(lǐng)先于中國。逆向物流管理在中國還是在惡劣的環(huán)境下，在上一個世紀(jì)的美國，逆向物流提出了美國物流專家的高度重視，所有的物流成本占美國經(jīng)濟(jì)總量的107％。逆向物流成本是所有物流的4％左右。在美國，超過30％的企業(yè)注重出售他們的產(chǎn)品。逆向物流的實(shí)

簡介：附件附件1外文外文資料翻料翻譯譯譯譯文組合優(yōu)化和綠色物流組合優(yōu)化和綠色物流摘要摘要本文的目的是介紹綠色物流領(lǐng)域及描述通過組合優(yōu)化制定中出現(xiàn)的一些問題。本文重點(diǎn)介紹了逆向物流、廢物管理和物流配送車輛調(diào)度等問題。關(guān)鍵字關(guān)鍵字綠色物流、逆向物流、組合優(yōu)化、廢物管理、危險物品1引言引言綠色物流主要關(guān)注的是可持續(xù)的生產(chǎn)方式和貨物的銷售，重點(diǎn)考慮到環(huán)境和社會的因素。因此，綠色物流的目標(biāo)并不只是關(guān)注物流政策的執(zhí)行對經(jīng)濟(jì)的影響，還關(guān)注對社會具有的更加廣泛的影響，如對環(huán)境污染的影響。綠色物流活動包括測量不同分銷策略對環(huán)境的影響，減少物流活動中的能源使用量，減少廢物，管理和處理物流對環(huán)境的影響。近年來關(guān)于人們在地球的活動和物流實(shí)踐對環(huán)境造成的影響越來越受到關(guān)注。很多組織和企業(yè)開始測量他們碳的排放量，以便可以監(jiān)視他們的活動對環(huán)境的影響。政府現(xiàn)正考慮減少排放和其它環(huán)保措施。因此不管是公司還是政府對綠色物流越來越感興趣。傳統(tǒng)物流模式的生產(chǎn)和分配都集中在約束業(yè)務(wù)成本，將其降至最低。但是考慮到更加長遠(yuǎn)的目標(biāo)和與綠色物流有關(guān)的問題，就必須有新的工作方法和模式，其中也包含了一些有趣的，最新應(yīng)用的研究模型。闡述這一領(lǐng)域內(nèi)所有的研究模型將需要很長篇幅的文章，所以本文的重點(diǎn)是集中于一些在綠色物流的應(yīng)用中出項(xiàng)的新的或者是修訂的組合優(yōu)化模型。對于這些組合優(yōu)化的工作，希望對于那些組合優(yōu)化的新模型將帶來有趣的新挑戰(zhàn)，同時該工作也可能對環(huán)境帶來重大影響。這份文件的原始版本可以在史賓斯和列更斯（2007年找到。它討論了不同領(lǐng)域的有關(guān)綠色物流的議程。第二部分闡述了對逆向物流的擔(dān)憂以及考慮到產(chǎn)品的整個生命周期和對各種可能性的模型的回收利用。第三部分是廢物管理，包括了危險廢物運(yùn)輸?shù)哪Ｐ?、滾裝滾卸容器和家居廢物收集。第四部分涉及車輛路徑模型和綠色物流目標(biāo)相關(guān)的問題。第五部分為最后的結(jié)論。2逆向物流逆向物流網(wǎng)絡(luò)，再制造網(wǎng)絡(luò)，和回收網(wǎng)絡(luò)。其他處理這個主題的相關(guān)引用（例如，克里克1998；薩爾基斯2001；弗萊施曼2001）。在這個領(lǐng)域中大多數(shù)模型的開發(fā)都類似于傳統(tǒng)的選址問題，在特定位置的分配模型中（可以看到克朗和夫里延斯1995；安蒙斯等1999；斯彭勒等1997；馬林和貝利格林1998；賈亞拉曼等1999；克里克等1999，2001；弗萊施曼等2000）。在大多數(shù)模型、運(yùn)輸和加工成本已最小化，而環(huán)境設(shè)計(jì)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的成本經(jīng)常被忽略。2222動態(tài)批量問題動態(tài)批量問題關(guān)于它的動態(tài)形式有很多種，其中最簡單的是，從設(shè)施方面考慮，在有限的資源條件下，倉庫或者零售商，面臨著單個項(xiàng)目的動態(tài)需求。（見瓦格納，于1958年圣靈降臨節(jié)）。該項(xiàng)目的設(shè)施場所是根據(jù)供應(yīng)機(jī)構(gòu)的訂單來決定的。比如說，這是一個有無限量產(chǎn)品的制造商或供應(yīng)商。該模型假設(shè)成本是按照一個固定順序（所設(shè)置的）來支出的，采購成本為一個單位的線性支出，在單位時間內(nèi)，庫存都是具有線性持有成本的。考慮到時間的價值以及成本參數(shù)，問題在于在每個階段的什么時候以及怎樣訂購設(shè)施才能使得在滿足生產(chǎn)需要的同時使得成本最小化。動態(tài)調(diào)整很多問題得到了很好的研究，因?yàn)樗堑谝粋€推出了超過四十年前的方法。精確解技術(shù)，稱為基于動態(tài)規(guī)劃的瓦格納瓦錫算法，是眾所周知的生產(chǎn)規(guī)劃與庫存控制。有關(guān)此模型的詳細(xì)信息，請參閱由布拉默爾和辛智列維書（1997年），約翰遜和蒙哥馬利（1974年和銀等1996年。各種啟發(fā)式方法還提議，例如銀粉銀和餐中所述的啟發(fā)式算法（1973托特等人（2006年）認(rèn)為很多規(guī)模模型是一種維修庫存也可以是在制造的操作，利用回收和生產(chǎn)維修庫存與新制造的庫存并無區(qū)別。再制造的例子包括一次性使用的相機(jī)和復(fù)印機(jī)?？芍^是再制造庫存系統(tǒng)圖。1研究的模型進(jìn)行了以下假設(shè)沒有回報(bào)的處理方案；持有成本為服務(wù)成本大于持有成本的回報(bào)率；變制造與再制造費(fèi)用不包括在內(nèi)。

簡介：英文原始資料翻譯1英文原始資料ANACTIVELYCONTROLLEDFUELCELL/BATTERYHYBRIDTOMEETPULSEDPOWERDEMANDSABSTRACTTHISPAPERPRESENTSTHEEXPERIMENTALRESULTSOFANACTIVELYCONTROLLEDFUELCELL/BATTERYHYBRIDPOWERSOURCETOPOLOGYTHATCANBEWIDELYUSEDINMANYAPPLICATIONS,SUCHASPORTABLEELECTRONICDEVICES,COMMUNICATIONEQUIPMENT,SPACECRAFTPOWERSYSTEMS,ANDELECTRICVEHICLES,INWHICHTHEPOWERDEMANDISIMPULSIVERATHERTHANCONSTANTASTEPDOWNDC/DCPOWERCONVERTERISINCORPORATEDTOACTIVELYCONTROLTHEPOWERFLOWBETWEENTHEFUELCELLANDTHEBATTERYTOACHIEVEBOTHHIGHPOWERANDHIGHENERGYDENSITIESTHERESULTSSHOWTHATTHEHYBRIDPOWERSOURCECANACHIEVEMUCHGREATERSPECIFICPOWERANDPOWERDENSITYTHANTHEFUELCELLALONETHISPAPERFIRSTDEMONSTRATESTHATANACTIVELYCONTROLLEDHYBRIDWITHA35WHYDROGENFUELEDPOLYMERELECTROLYTEMEMBRANEFUELCELLANDALITHIUMIONBATTERYPACKOFSIXCELLSYIELDEDAPEAKPOWEROF100W,ABOUTTHREETIMESASHIGHASTHEFUELCELLALONECANSUPPLY,WHILECAUSINGAVERYLIMITED10WEIGHTINCREASETOTHEWHOLESYSTEMAFTERTHAT,ANOTHERHYBRIDSOURCEUSINGADIFFERENTBATTERYARRAYEIGHTCELLSWASINVESTIGATEDTOFURTHERVALIDATETHECONTROLSTRATEGYANDTOSHOWTHEFLEXIBILITYANDGENERALITYOFTHEHYBRIDSOURCEDESIGNTHEEXPERIMENTALDATASHOWTHATTHEHYBRIDSOURCEUSINGANEIGHTCELLBATTERYSUPPLIEDAPEAKPOWEROF135W,ABOUTFOURTIMESTHATOFTHEFUELCELLALONEFINALLY,THREEPOWERSOURCESINCLUDINGTHEFUELCELLALONEANDTHETWOHYBRIDSSTUDIEDWERECOMPAREDINTERMSOFSPECIFICPOWER,POWERDENSITY,VOLUME,WEIGHT,ETCTHEDESIGNPRESENTEDHERECANBESCALEDTOLARGERORSMALLERPOWERCAPACITIESFORAVARIETYOFAPPLICATIONS?2003ELSEVIERBVALLRIGHTSRESERVEDKEYWORDSHYBRIDPOWERSOURCELITHIUMIONBATTERYPOLYMERELECTROLYTEMEMBRANEFUELCELLPOWERCONVERTER1INTRODUCTIONMANYAPPLICATIONS,SUCHASPORTABLEELECTRONICDEVICES,COMMUNICATIONEQUIPMENT,SPACECRAFTPOWERSYSTEMS,ANDELECTRICVEHICLES,HAVEACOMMONCHARACTERISTICINTHEIRLOADPROFILESTHATIS,THEYHAVEAHIGHRATIOOFPEAKPOWERTOAVERAGEPOWERFUELCELLSEGPEMFUELCELLSARECONSIDEREDTOBETHEMOSTPROMISINGALTERNATIVESAMONGNEXTGENERATIONENERGYDEVICESDUETOTHEIRHIGHENERGYDENSITYANDCLEANENERGY1,2HOWEVER,LIMITEDBYTHEIRINHERENTCHARACTERISTICS,FUELCELLSHAVEALONGSTARTUPTIMEUSUALLYSEVERALMINUTESANDPOORRESPONSETOINSTANTANEOUSPOWERDEMANDSTHEEXPERIMENTALSYSTEMOFTHEACTIVEFUELCELL/BATTERYHYBRID,ILLUSTRATEDABOVEINFIG1,WASBUILTUSINGAHYDROGENFUELEDPOLYMERELECTROLYTEMEMBRANEFUELCELLMANUFACTUREDBYHPOWERWITHANOMINALPOWERCAPACITYOF35WANDNOMINAL24VOPENCIRCUITVOLTAGE,ANDSONYUS18650LITHIUMIONBATTERIESWITHANOMINALCAPACITYOF1400MAHPERCELLASTEPDOWNDC/DCPOWERCONVERTERWASCONSTRUCTEDUSINGASYNCHRONOUSRECTIFIER,ASSHOWNINFIG2TWOMOSFETSWEREADOPTEDINTHISCONSTRUCTIONANDWEREOPERATEDSYNCHRONOUSLYANDCOMPLEMENTARILYUSINGANACTIVESWITCHINSTEADOFAPASSIVEDIODEDECREASESTHECONDUCTANCELOSSDRAMATICALLYANDTHUSIMPROVESTHECONVERTEREFFICIENCYTHEREFORE,THISTOPOLOGYISMOREANDMORECOMMONLYADOPTEDINLOWVOLTAGEPOWERSUPPLIESAREALTIMEDIGITALCONTROLLERDSPACEDC1103PPCCONTROLLERBOARDWASUSED

簡介：1THESTATUSQUOANDDEVELOPMENTOFUASBANAEROBICPROCESSABSTRACTTHISPAPERINTRODUCESTHEORIGINOFUASBREACTOR,THEWORKINGPRINCIPLES,CHARACTERISTICS,THEDEVELOPMENTANDAPPLICATIONOFTHELATESTRESEARCHPROGRESS,POINTINGOUTTHATTHERECENTUASBREACTORRESEARCHFOCUSKEYWORDSUASBANAEROBICTREATMENTPROCESS1INTRODUCTIONANAEROBICBIOLOGICALTREATMENTASTHEUSEOFANAEROBICMETABOLISMOFMICROORGANISMS,WITHOUTTHEPROVISIONOFENERGYSOURCESUNDERTHECONDITIONSOFORGANICMATTERASTOBERESTOREDBYHYDROGENDONOR,WHILEGENERATINGENERGYVALUEOFTHEMETHANEGASANAEROBICBIOLOGICALTREATMENTAPPLIESNOTONLYTOHIGHCONCENTRATIONSOFORGANICWASTEWATER,INFLUENTBODUPTOTHEHIGHESTCONCENTRATIONOFTENSOFTHOUSANDSOFMG/L,CANALSOBEAPPLIEDINLOWCONCENTRATIONSOFORGANICWASTEWATER,SUCHASSEWAGE,ANDOTHERCITIESANAEROBICBIOLOGICALTREATMENTPROCESSANDLOWCONSUMPTION,ORGANICVOLUMELOAD,GENERALLY510KGCOD/M3D,UPTOAMAXIMUMOF3050KGCOD/M3DLESSRESIDUALSLUDGEONTHENUTRITIONALNEEDSOFLOWANAEROBES,MDRTOXIC,BIODEGRADABLEORGANICMOLECULARWEIGHTHIGHIMPACTRESISTANTCAPACITYOFSTRONGOUTPUTOFMETHANEISAKINDOFCLEANENERGYINTHEWHOLEOFSOCIETYTOPROMOTEARECYCLINGECONOMYANDTHEIMPLEMENTATIONOFTHECONCERNSOFTHEINDUSTRIALWASTERECYCLINGTODAY,ANAEROBICBIOLOGICALTREATMENTOFSEWAGEISCLEARLYENABLESTHEOPTIMIZATIONOFRESOURCESINRECENTYEARS,THEANAEROBICWASTEWATERTREATMENTPROCESSDEVELOPEDVERYRAPIDLY,WITHNEWTECHNOLOGY,NEWMETHODSEMERGING,INCLUDINGANAEROBICCONTACTMETHOD,THEUPFLOWANAEROBICSLUDGEBEDANAEROBICSTALLPLATE,ANAEROBICBIOLOGICALFILTER,ANAEROBICEXPANDEDBEDANDFLUIDIZEDBED,ANDTHETHIRDGENERATIONOFANAEROBICPROCESSEGSBANDICANAEROBICREACTOR,DEVELOPEDVERYRAPIDLYANDTHEUPFLOWANAEROBICSLUDGEBLANKETUASBUPFLOWANAEROBICSLUDGEBED,NOTEHEREINAFTERREFERREDTOUASBOWINGTOTHEANAEROBICPROCESSOFANAEROBICFILTERSANDACTIVATEDSLUDGECHARACTERISTICSOFTHEDUAL,ASCANBETRANSFORMEDINTOTHEPOLLUTANTSINTHESEWAGE10OFRENEWABLECLEANENERGYABIOGASTECHNOLOGYTHEDIFFERENTSOLIDCONTENTOFTHESEWAGEADAPTABILITYALSOSTRONG,ANDITSSTRUCTURE,OPERATIONANDMAINTENANCEMANAGEMENTOPERATIONISRELATIVELYSIMPLEANDRELATIVELYLOWCOST,TECHNOLOGYISNOWMATURE,ANDINCREASINGLYSEWAGETREATMENTINDUSTRYATTENTION,WASWIDELYWELCOMEDANDAPPLICATIONTHISPAPERATTEMPTSTOUASBTECHNOLOGYANDTHEOPERATIONOFTHEUASBDESIGNFEATURES,ASWELLASAREASFORASTARTBRIEFLYDESCRIBED2THEORIGINOFUASBIN1971HOLLANDWAGENINGENAGRICULTURALUNIVERSITYLADINGGELETTINGAPROFESSORPHYSICALSTRUCTURALDESIGN,THEUSEOFTHEGRAVITATIONALFIELDOFTHEROLEOFDIFFERENTDENSITYMATERIALDIFFERENCE,INVENTEDTHETHREEPHASESEPARATORTHEACTIVATEDSLUDGEWASTEWATERRETENTIONTIMEANDSTAYSEPARATED,ANDFORMEDAUPFLOWANAEROBICSLUDGEBLANKETUASBREACTORONTHEPROTOTYPENETHERLANDSCSM1974INITS6M3REACTORSUGARBEETPROCESSINGWASTEWATER,ITWASFOUNDTHATTHEACTIVATEDSLUDGEFORMATIONMECHANISMOFITSOWNFIXEDBIOLOGICALPOLYMERSTRUCTURE,GRANULARSLUDGEGRANULARSLUDGE3ENTERINGTHESETTLEMENTROOM,THESLUDGEINTHESETTLEMENT,RETURNEDTOTHEREACTIONZONEBYTHESLANTTOCLARIFYTHEWATERFROMTHEOVERFLOWSLUDGEINTHEMICROBIALDECOMPOSITIONOFORGANICMATTERINSEWAGE,ITTURNEDINTOGASTINYGASBUBBLESTOFORMTHERELEASE,TINYBUBBLESRISINGINTHECOURSEOFTHEMERGER,ANDGRADUALLYFORMLARGERBUBBLESINTHESLUDGEBEDMETHANEBECAUSEOFTHEDISTURBANCETOFORMASLUDGECONCENTRATIONINTHESLUDGEANDTHINTOGETHERWITHINCREASEDACCESSTOTHREEWATERPHASESEPARATOR,ENCOUNTEREDGASSEPARATORPLATEATTHEBOTTOMOFREFLECTION,THEREFLECTIONPLATEFORTHEFOURWEEKS,ANDTHENENTERTHEWATERTHROUGHTHECHAMBER,CONCENTRATEDINTHEGASCHAMBERWITHCATHETEREXPORT,THESOLIDLIQUIDMIXTUREINTOTHETHREEPHASEREFLECTIONSEPARATORSEDIMENTATION,SEWAGESLUDGEINTHEFLOCCULATION,PARTICLEGRADUALLYINCREASING,ANDTHEROLEOFGRAVITYINTHESETTLEMENTPRECIPITATIONRAMPSTOTHEWALLOFSEWAGEQUAGMIREOBLIQUEWALLSLIPBACKANAEROBICREACTORAREA,THEREACTIONREGIONACCUMULATEDALARGENUMBEROFSLUDGE,ANDSLUDGEFROMTHETREATEDEFFLUENTFROMTHEUPPERSEDIMENTOVERFLOWWEIRAREA,ANDTHENDISCHARGEDSLUDGEBEDTHEBASICREQUIREMENTSARE1TOPROVIDEACONDUCIVESLUDGEFLOCCULATIONOFTHEPHYSICAL,CHEMICALANDMECHANICALCONDITIONS,ACCESSTOANAEROBICSLUDGESEDIMENTATIONANDMAINTAINAGOODPERFORMANCE2GOODSLUDGEBEDOFTENFORMAFAIRLYSTABLEBIOLOGICALPHASE,ANDMAINTAINSPECIFICPROBIOTICSENVIRONMENT,THESTRONGRESISTANCETODISTURBANCEFORCE,THELARGERFLOCPRECIPITATIONHASGOODPROPERTIES,THEREBYENHANCINGTHEEQUIPMENTSLUDGECONCENTRATION3INTHESLUDGEBEDEQUIPMENTTHROUGHTHEESTABLISHMENTOFAPRECIPITATIONAREA,THEFINEPARTICLESOFSLUDGESEDIMENTATIONINTHESLUDGELAYERFURTHERFLOCCULATIONANDSEDIMENTATION,ANDTHENBACKINTOTHESLUDGEBED4UASBREACTOR,THEPROCESSFEATURESUASBREACTOROPERATIONOFTHREEIMPORTANTPREMISE①REACTORINTHEFORMOFAGOODSETTLEMENTORGRANULARSLUDGEFLOCSLUDGE②PRODUCEDGASANDUNIFORMDISTRIBUTIONOFWATERFORMEDBYMIXINGAGOODROLE③RATIONALDESIGNTHETHREEPHASESEPARATOR,THEGOODPERFORMANCEOFPRECIPITATIONCANREMAININTHESLUDGEINTHEREACTOR1THEUSEOFMICROORGANISMSIMMOBILIZEDCELLTECHNOLOGYSLUDGEPARTICLESOFUASBREACTORUSINGBACTERIAIMMOBILIZEDCELLTECHNOLOGYIMPLEMENTATIONOFTHESLUDGEPARTICLESHRTANDSLUDGERETENTIONTIMEOFTHESEPARATION,THUSPROLONGINGTHESLUDGESLUDGEAGE,AND

簡介：ANINTERNETBASEDLOGISTICSMANAGEMENTSYSTEMFORENTERPRISECHAINSNPRINDEZIS,CTKIRANOUDISSCHOOLOFCHEMICALENGINEERING,NATIONALTECHNICALUNIVERSITY,15780ATHENS,GREECERECEIVED13SEPTEMBER2003RECEIVEDINREVISEDFORM20DECEMBER2003ACCEPTED27JANUARY2004AVAILABLEONLINE10DECEMBER2004ABSTRACTTHISPAPERPRESENTSANINTERNETBASEDLOGISTICSMANAGEMENTSYSTEMTOCOORDINATEANDDISSEMINATETASKSANDRELATEDINFORMATIONFORSOLVINGTHEHETEROGENEOUSVEHICLEROUTINGPROBLEMUSINGAPPROPRIATEMETAHEURISTICTECHNIQUES,FORUSEINENTERPRISECHAINNETWORKSITSARCHITECTUREINVOLVESAJAVAWEBAPPLETEQUIPPEDWITHINTERACTIVECOMMUNICATIONCAPABILITIESBETWEENPERIPHERALSOFTWARETOOLSTHESYSTEMWASDEVELOPEDINDISTRIBUTEDSOFTWAREFASHIONTECHNOLOGYFORALLCOMPUTERPLATFORMSUTILIZINGAWEBBROWSER,FOCUSINGONTHEDETAILEDROADNETWORKOFATHENSANDTHENEEDSOFTHEATHENSCENTRALFOODMARKETENTERPRISES2004ELSEVIERLTDALLRIGHTSRESERVEDKEYWORDSDECISIONSUPPORTSYSTEMELOGISTICSTRANSPORTATIONVEHICLEROUTINGPROBLEM1INTRODUCTIONENTERPRISECHAINSARETHEBUSINESSMODELOFTHEPRESENTANDFUTUREREGARDINGMARKETSTHATINVOLVESMALLANDMEDIUMCOMPANYSIZESCLEARLY,GROUPINGACTIVITIESTOWARDSAFOCUSEDTARGETFACILITATESANUNDERSTANDABLYIMPROVEDMARKETPENETRATIONGUARANTEEDBYASUCCESSFULTRADEMARKOFALEADINGCOMPANYINTHEFIELDSEVERALCOLLABORATIONMODELSTHATBASICALLYINCLUDEFRANCHISINGAREINTRODUCEDASAPARTOFTHISINTEGRATEDPROCESSWHENSUCHANETWORKISINTRODUCEDINORDERTOEXPLOITACOMMERCIALIDEAORBUSINESSINITIATIVEANDSUBSEQUENTLYEXPANDEDASMARKETPENETRATIONGROWS,SEVERALMANAGEMENTISSUESARISEREGARDINGTHEOPERATIONSOFTHEENTIRENETWORKSUCHANETWORKISTHEIDEALPLACEFORORGANIZINGANDEVALUATINGINAMORECENTRALIZEDWAYSEVERALORDINARYOPERATIONSREGARDINGSUPPLYCHAINANDLOGISTICSINFACT,TOOLSDEVELOPEDFORORGANIZINGMANAGEMENTPROCESSESANDOPERATIONALNEEDSOFEACHINDIVIDUALCOMPANY,CANBEDEVELOPEDINAMORECENTRALIZEDFASHIONANDTHESERVICESPROVIDEDBYTHETOOLCANBEOFFEREDTOEACHNETWORKMEMBERTOFACILITATETRANSACTIONSANDTACKLEOPERATIONSSIMILARLYWEBBASEDAPPLICATIONSAREANIDEALSTARTINGPLACEFORDEVELOPINGSUCHAPPLICATIONSTYPICALLYSUCHSYSTEMSSERVEASACENTRALDEPOTFORWITHRESPECTTOPROBLEMSIZEPROBLEMSOFTHISTYPEAREDEALTWITHHEURISTICORMETAHEURISTICTECHNIQUESRESEARCHONTHEDEVELOPMENTOFHEURISTICALGORITHMSTARANTILISKIRANOUDIS,2001,2002A,2002BFORTHEFLEETMANAGEMENTPROBLEMHASMADECONSIDERABLEPROGRESSSINCETHEFIRSTALGORITHMSTHATWEREPROPOSEDINTHEEARLY60SAMONGTHEM,TABUSEARCHISTHECHAMPIONLAPORTE,GENDREAU,POTVIN,SEMET,2000THEMOSTPOWERFULTABUSEARCHALGORITHMSARENOWCAPABLEOFSOLVINGMEDIUMSIZEANDEVENLARGESIZEINSTANCESWITHINEXTREMELYSMALLCOMPUTATIONALENVIRONMENTSREGARDINGLOADANDTIMEONTHEALGORITHMICSIDE,TIMEHASPROBABLYCOMETOCONCENTRATEONTHEDEVELOPMENTOFFASTER,SIMPLERWITHFEWPARAMETERSANDMOREROBUSTALGORITHMS,EVENIFTHISCAUSESASMALLLOSSINQUALITYSOLUTIONTHESEATTRIBUTESAREESSENTIALIFANALGORITHMISTOBEIMPLEMENTEDINACOMMERCIALPACKAGETHEALGORITHMBEYONDTHESYSTEMDEVELOPEDISOFTABUSEARCHNATUREASMENTIONEDBEFORE,SINCETHEALGORITHMSCANNOTREVEALTHEGUARANTEEDGLOBALOPTIMUM,THETIMETHATANALGORITHMISLEFTTOPROPOSEASOLUTIONTOTHEPROBLEMISOFUTMOSTIMPORTANCETOTHEPROBLEMCERTAINLY,THEREISATRADEOFFBETWEENTIMEEXPECTEDFORTHEINDUCTIONOFTHESOLUTIONANDITSQUALITYTHISPARTWASIMPLEMENTEDINASTRAIGHTFORWARDWAYIFTHESYSTEMISASKEDBYTHEUSERTOPRODUCEASOLUTIONOFVERYHIGHQUALITYINSTANTLY,THENANAGGRESSIVESTRATEGYISTOBEIMPLEMENTEDIFTHEUSERRELAXESTHETIMEOFSOLUTIONTOBEOBTAINED,THATISTOSAYIFTHEALGORITHMISLEFTTOSEARCHTHESOLUTIONSPACEMOREEFFCIENTLY,THENTHEREISROOMFORMOREELABORATEALGORITHMSTHEALGORITHMEMPLOYEDHASTWODISTINCTPARTSTHEFIRSTONEISAGENERALIZEDROUTECONSTRUCTIONALGORITHMTHATCREATESROUTESOFVERYGOODQUALITYTOBEIMPROVEDBYTHESUBSEQUENTTABUPHASETHECONSTRUCTIONALGORITHMTAKESINTOACCOUNTTHEPECULIARITIESOFTHEHETEROGENEOUSNATUREOFFLEETANDTHEDESIREOFTHEUSERTOUSEVEHICLESOFHISOWNDESIRE,OWNEDORHIRED,ACCORDINGTOHISDAILYNEEDSTHEGENERALIZEDROUTECONSTRUCTIONALGORITHMEMPLOYED,ISATWOPHASEALGORITHMWHEREUNROUTEDCUSTOMERSAREINSERTEDINTOALREADYCONSTRUCTEDPARTIALSOLUTIONSTHESETOFPARTIALSOLUTIONSISINITIALLYEMPTY,ANDINTHISCASEASEEDROUTEISINSERTEDTHATCONTAINSONLYTHEDEPOTRIVALNODESTOBEINSERTEDARETHENEXAMINEDALLROUTESEMPLOYEDINVOLVESINGLEUNROUTEDCUSTOMERSTHEINSERTIONPROCEDUREUTILIZESTWOCRITERIAC1I,U,JANDC2I,U,JTOINSERTANEWCUSTOMERUBETWEENTWOADJACENTCUSTOMERSIANDJOFACURRENTPARTIALROUTETHEFIRSTCRITERIONFINDSTHEBESTFEASIBLEINSERTIONPOINTI,JTHATMINIMIZESTHECLARKANDWRIGHTSAVINGCALCULATIONFORINSERTINGANODEWITHINTHISSPECIFICINSERTIONPOINT,C1I,U,JDI,UDU,JDI,J1INTHISFORMULA,THEEXPRESSIONDK,LSTANDSFORTHEACTUALCOSTINVOLVEDINCOVERINGTHEDISTANCEBETWEENNODESKANDLTHECLARKANDWRIGHTSAVINGCALCULATIONINTRODUCEDINTHISPHASESERVESASANAPPROPRIATESTRONGINTENSIFICATIONTECHNIQUEFORPRODUCINGINITIALCONSTRUCTIONSOFEXTREMELYGOODQUALITY,ACOMPONENTOFUTMOSTNECESSITYINTABUIMPROVEMENTPROCEDURETHESECONDPHASEINVOLVESTHEIDENTIFICATIONOFTHEACTUALBESTNODETOBEINSERTEDBETWEENTHEADJACENTNODEPAIRI,JFOUNDINTHEFIRSTPHASESOLOMON,1987FROMALLRIVALNODES,THEONESELECTEDISTHEONETHATMAXIMIZESTHEEXPRESSIONC2I,U,JD0,UDU,0C1I,U,J2

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簡介：外文文獻(xiàn)原稿和譯文外文文獻(xiàn)原稿和譯文原稿MULTIPLESINGLECHIPMICROCOMPUTERAPPROACHTOFIREDETECTIONANDMONITORINGSYSTEMAJAIKHALILI,MSC,PHDDAIKHALILI,MSC,PHDMSKHASSEM,MSCINDEXINGTERMHAZARDS,DESIGN,PLANTCONDITIONMONITORINGABSTRACTACOMPLETESYSTEMFORFIREDETECTIONANDALARMMONITORINGHASBEENPROPOSEDFORCOMPLEXPLANTSTHESYSTEMUSESMULTIPLESINGLECHIPARCHITECTUREATTACHEDTOAPARTYLINETHECONTROLALGORITHMISBASEDONATWOLEVELHIERARCHYOFDECISIONMAKING,THUSTHECOMPLEXITYISDISTRIBUTEDACOMPLETECIRCUITDIAGRAMISGIVENFORTHELOCALANDTHECENTRALSTATIONWITHREQUIREMENTSFORTHESOFTWARESTRUCTURETHEDESIGNISKEPTINGENERALFORMSUCHTHATITCANBEADAPTEDTOAMULTITUDEOFPLANTCONFIGURATIONSITISPARTICULARLYSHOWNHOWNEWDEVELOPMENTSINTECHNOLOGY,ESPECIALLYCMOSSINGLECHIPDEVICES,AREINCORPORATEDINTHESYSTEMDESIGNTOREDUCETHECOMPLEXITYOFTHEOVERALLHARDWARE,EGBYDECOMPOSINGTHESYSTEMSUCHTHATLOWERLEVELSOFHIERARCHYAREABLETOHAVESOMEAUTONOMYINDECISIONMAKING,ANDTHUSAMORECOMPLEXDECISIONISSOLVEDINASIMPLEDISTRIBUTEDMETHOD1INTRODUCTIONREGULATORYREQUIREMENTSFORMOSTHIGHRISKPLANTSANDBUILDINGSMANDATETHEINSTALLATIONOFFIREDETECTIONANDWARNINGSYSTEMSFORALLSENSITIVEAREASOFTHEPLANTOROBTAINASMALLERSYSTEMWITHABETTERPERFORMANCEINTERMSOFFIREDETECTIONANDALARMMONITORING,THISISREFLECTEDDIRECTLYINTHELOCALSTATIONHARDWARE,BECAUSEOFTHEIRREMOTENESSANDPOWERSUPPLYREQUIREMENTSACOMPLETELOCALSTATIONCANBEDESIGNEDAROUNDASINGLECMOSCHIPWITHPOWERCONSUMPTIONOFAFEWMWDEPENDINGONSYSTEMOPERATIONTHISAPPROACHREDUCESTHECOSTANDCOMPLEXITYOFDESIGN,IMPLEMENTATIONANDMAINTENANCEANDPROVIDESEASILYEXPANDABLEANDPORTABLEDESIGNTHISIMPLEMENTATIONWASNOTPOSSIBLEWITHOLDTECHNOLOGYMOSTOFFIREDETECTION/MONITORINGSYSTEMSAVAILABLEARETAILOREDTOWARDSASPECIFICAPPLICATIONANDLACKTHEUSEOFRECENTADVANCESINCMOSVLSITECHNOLOGYINTHISSTUDY,WEDEVELOPAFIREDETECTION/MONITORINGSYSTEMWHICHISGENERALINCONCEPT,READILYIMPLEMENTABLEINAMULTITUDEOFAPPLICATIONSFOREARLYDETECTIONOFAFIREBEFOREITBECOMESCRITICAL,FOREQUIPMENTANDEVACUATIONOFPERSONNELHERE,WEPROPOSEACENTRALCONTROLANDDISTRIBUTEDCONTROL/DETECTION/MONITORINGWITHADEQUATECOMMUNICATION,WHEREUSEISMADEOFSINGLECHIPMICROCONTROLLERSINTHELOCALSTATIONS,THUSIMPROVINGCONTROLLABILITYANDOBSERVABILITYOFTHEMONITORINGPROCESS2DETECTIONANDALARMDEVICESABASICFIREDETECTIONSYSTEMCONSISTSOFTWOPARTS,DETECTIONANDANNUNCIATIONANAUTOMATICDETECTIONDEVICE,SUCHASAHEAT,SMOKEORFLAMEDETECTOR,ULTRAVIOLETORINFRAREDDETECTORSORFLAMEFLICKER,ISBASEDONDETECTINGTHEBYPRODUCTOFACOMBUSTIONSMOKEDETECTORS,OFBOTHIONIZATIONANDOPTICALTYPES,ARETHEMOSTCOMMONLYUSEDDETECTORDEVICESWHENATYPICALDETECTOROFTHISTYPEENTERSTHEALARMSTATEITSCURRENTCONSUMPTIONINCREASESFROMTHEPATOTHEMARANGESAY,FROMAMERE15PAINTHEDORMANTMODETO60MAINTHEACTIVEMODEINMANYDETECTORSTHEDETECTOROUTPUTVOLTAGEISWELLDEFINEDUNDERVARIOUSOPERATINGCONDITIONS,SUCHASTHOSEGIVENINTABLE1THEMORESENSITIVETHEDETECTOR,THEMORESUSCEPTIBLEITISTOFALSEALARMSINORDERTOCONTROLTHE

簡介：本科畢業(yè)論文外文文獻(xiàn)及譯文文獻(xiàn)、資料題目RENEWABLEENERGY文獻(xiàn)、資料來源期刊（著作、網(wǎng)絡(luò)等）文獻(xiàn)、資料發(fā)表（出版）日期2010727院（部）熱能工程學(xué)院專業(yè)熱能與動力工程外文文獻(xiàn)及譯文2THATMAYTAKELONGERTODEVELOPANDSTRONGERWILLPOWERTOIMPLEMENTAWEDGEREPRESENTSACARBONCUTTINGSTRATEGYTHATHASTHEPOTENTIALTOGROWFROMZEROTODAYTOAVOIDING1BILLIONTONSOFCARBONEMISSIONSPERYEARBY2055ITHASBEENESTIMATED3THATATLEAST15STRATEGIESARECURRENTLYAVAILABLETHAT,WITHSCALINGUP,COULDREPRESENTAWEDGEOFEMISSIONSREDUCTIONALTHOUGHANUMBEROFEMISSIONREDUCTIONOPTIONSAREAVAILABLETOTHEINDUSTRY,MANYOFTHEMSTILLFACEFINANCIALPENALTIESFORIMMEDIATEIMPLEMENTATIONSOMEMEASURESAREVERYSITE/LOCATIONSPECIFICWHILEOTHERSARESTILLINANEARLYSTAGEOFDEVELOPMENTCARBONDIOXIDESEQUESTRATIONORZEROEMISSIONPOWERPLANTSREPRESENTTHEFUTUREOFACO2EMISSIONSFREEPOWERSECTOR,BUTTHEYWILLTAKEYEARSTOCOMETOTHEMAINSTREAMMARKETTHECOSTOFCO2CAPTUREANDSEQUESTRATIONISINTHERANGEOF40E60US/TONOFCO2,DEPENDINGONTHETYPEOFPLANTANDWHERETHECO2ISSTORED4,5THISISASIGNIFICANTECONOMICBURDENONTHEINDUSTRY,ANDCOULDPOTENTIALLYESCALATETHECOSTOFELECTRICITYPRODUCEDBYASMUCHAS60CANADAHASVASTAMOUNTSOFBIOMASSINITSMILLIONSOFHECTARESOFMANAGEDFORESTS,MOSTOFWHICHREMAINUNTAPPEDFORENERGYPURPOSESCURRENTLY,LARGEQUANTITIESOFTHERESIDUESFROMTHEWOODPRODUCTSINDUSTRYARESENTTOLANDFILLORAREINCINERATED6INTHEAGRICULTURALSECTOR,GRAINCROPSPRODUCEANESTIMATED32MILLIONTONSOFSTRAWRESIDUEPERYEARALLOWINGFORASTRAWRESIDUEOF85REMAININGINTHEFIELDSTOMAINTAINSOILFERTILITY,5MILLIONTONSWOULDSTILLBEAVAILABLEFORENERGYUSEDUETOANINCREASEINLANDPRODUCTIVITY,SIGNIFICANTAREASOFLANDINCANADA,WHICHWEREEARLIERFARMED,ARENOLONGERFARMEDTHESELANDSCOULDBEPLANTEDWITHFASTGROWINGENERGYCROPS,LIKESWITCHGRASSOFFERINGPOTENTIALLYLARGEQUANTITIESOFBIOMASSFORENERGYPRODUCTION6LIVINGBIOMASSPLANTSABSORBCO2FROMTHEATMOSPHERESO,ITSCOMBUSTION/GASIFICATIONFORENERGYPRODUCTIONISCONSIDEREDCARBONNEUTRALTHUSIFACERTAINAMOUNTOFBIOMASSISFIREDINANEXISTINGFOSSILCOAL,COKEOROILFUELFIREDPLANTGENERATINGSOMEENERGY,THEPLANTCOULDREDUCEFIRINGTHECORRESPONDINGAMOUNTOFFOSSILFUELINITTHUS,APOWERPLANTWITHINTEGRATEDBIOMASSCOFIRINGHASALOWERNETCO2CONTRIBUTIONOVERCONVENTIONALCOALFIREDPLANTSBIOMASSCOFIRINGISONETECHNOLOGYTHATCANBEIMPLEMENTEDIMMEDIATELYINNEARLYALLCOALFIREDPOWERPLANTSINARELATIVELYSHORTPERIODOFTIMEANDWITHOUTTHENEEDFORHUGEINVESTMENTSITHASTHUSEVOLVEDTOBEANEARTERMALTERNATIVETOREDUCINGTHEENVIRONMENTALIMPACTOFELECTRICITYGENERATIONFROMCOALBIOMASSCOFIRINGOFFERSTHELEASTCOSTAMONGTHESEVERAL

簡介：1中文4295字出處INTERNATIONALJOURNALOFMINERALS,METALLURGYANDMATERIALS,2009,165534539外文翻譯不同熱處理電站鍋爐碳鋼省煤器管飛灰顆粒侵蝕速率的實(shí)驗(yàn)研究EXPERIMENTALSTUDIESONTHEEROSIONRATEOFDIFFERENTHEATTREATEDCARBONSTEELECONOMISERTUBESOFPOWERBOILERSBYFLYASHPARTICLES性質(zhì)□畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)□畢業(yè)論文3料腐蝕的粒子擁有的能量會導(dǎo)致微尺寸件的開裂和去除。米斯拉等人4解釋，實(shí)際撞擊表面的粒子數(shù)不增加侵蝕率由于籃板顆粒提供的屏蔽效應(yīng)以同樣的方式把顆粒數(shù)量傳到樣本。利維等人10測試規(guī)格不同的微結(jié)構(gòu)像細(xì)珠光體和粗珠光體，有不同的伸長百分比相同的材料，并發(fā)現(xiàn)，材料具有較高的伸長率使侵蝕率降低。雷柏哈德和利維11強(qiáng)調(diào)，顆粒大小的變化侵蝕率是難以解釋的定量，因?yàn)檫@涉及粒子的速度和動能，打擊目標(biāo)粒子數(shù)，打擊和反彈粒子之間的干擾，顆粒形狀，顆粒的沖擊的角度等因素。盧卡茲瓦克等人5曾指出，對侵蝕機(jī)制的清醒認(rèn)識是至關(guān)重要的，因?yàn)樵诿禾勘蝗紵蓛舻念I(lǐng)域侵蝕是非常嚴(yán)重的。莫巴巴茲等人12用從賴澤波,莫巴巴茲和馬特拉電廠，在不同的飛灰速度的三個不同的飛灰樣品進(jìn)行了輕度鋼板侵蝕測試并發(fā)現(xiàn)實(shí)驗(yàn)標(biāo)定的一般模型產(chǎn)生了不同于低于15％的結(jié)果的測量值。奧卡等人6指出，材料損失是由壓痕過程引起的。它發(fā)現(xiàn)負(fù)載松弛程度取決于軟質(zhì)材料的塑性流動能力。他們提出了一個可以涉及找到在各種影響條件下的不同類型侵蝕速率的實(shí)驗(yàn)材料的包含材料的硬度和負(fù)載松弛率的預(yù)測方程。奧卡等人7曾表示材料的機(jī)械性能可作為估算侵蝕損壞的主要參數(shù)。黛色拉等人8曾表示，試樣的表面形貌顯示深隕石坑和角顆粒的平均表面粗糙度的較高價值。哈沙等人13對有色金屬和非有色金屬材料進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn)，發(fā)現(xiàn)侵蝕率與撞擊粒子累計(jì)重量相反。據(jù)觀察，侵蝕率最初是隨著沖擊顆粒累計(jì)重量增加而增加，然后達(dá)到一個穩(wěn)態(tài)值。王和楊9表明對于韌性材料的侵蝕是由于腐蝕顆粒微切削和微耕造成的。對于像陶瓷樣的脆性材料能量從腐蝕材料轉(zhuǎn)移到試樣。這個過程導(dǎo)致材料變形，裂紋萌生和傳播，并且引起材料從試樣表面脫落。在本文中，在碳素鋼材料的SA210GRA1規(guī)范管樣品，目前在幾乎所有的電站鍋爐省煤器線圈14，在退火和正火的條件下在BHEL實(shí)驗(yàn)室（國家認(rèn)可委員會測試認(rèn)可和校準(zhǔn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室）進(jìn)行了測試，并發(fā)現(xiàn)在兩種情況下的力學(xué)性能試驗(yàn)結(jié)果符合ASME的要求。表1給出了退火和正火SA210GRA1材料管的力學(xué)性能測試結(jié)果。表1低碳鋼的性能（目標(biāo)材料）化學(xué)成分/WT目標(biāo)材料熱處理?xiàng)l件CMNSI拉伸強(qiáng)度/MPA屈服強(qiáng)度/MPA伸長率/％SA210GRA1N正火01904102147533031SA210GRA1A退火019041021425260392實(shí)驗(yàn)裝置成立這個實(shí)驗(yàn)用于本研究的是一個噴氣侵蝕試驗(yàn)臺?？諝馍淞髑治g試驗(yàn)裝置示意圖如圖1。它是印度的蒂魯吉拉伯利，BHEL研究和開發(fā)實(shí)驗(yàn)室所擁有。該試驗(yàn)臺是按照

簡介：外文原文外文原文THETRADITIONALELECTRONSAFEALARMSYSTEMMAINLYISTHROUGHTHESENSORAUTOMATICDETECTION,PRODUCESTHEALARM,SENDSOUTTHEALARMFROMTHESCENEORREPORTSTOTHEPOLICETHROUGHTHESPECIALELECTRICCABLENEARDISTANCE,THUSCAUSESPEOPLESVIGILANCETHROUGHMANYYEARSRESEARCHANDTHEDEVELOPMENT,THEPRESENTALARMAPPARATUSMAYSAYISTHECLASSISMULTITUDINOUSASARESULTOFTHEALARMAPPARATUSRAPIDDEVELOPMENTANDTHESOCIALEACHDOMAINANXIOUSNEED,CANTHEAPPLICATIONDOMAINBEMOREANDMOREMANY,SPECIALLYISRAPIDLYDEVELOPSINTHECIVILDOMAININRECENTYEARS,THEINFRAREDALARMAPPARATUSALREADYBECAMEREPORTSTOTHEPOLICEADOMAINHOTSPOT,BECAUSEITUSEDWASNOTTHEOBVIOUSLYINFRAREDACQUISITION,THEREFOREHADTHEHIDINGTOBEGOOD,CHARACTERISTICANDSOONSECURITYTHEINFRAREDSENSORISDIFFERENTACCORDINGTOTHEMECHANISMMAYDIVIDEINTOTHELIGHTSURVEYANDTHEHOTSURVEYTHELIGHTACQUISITIONSENSORISUSESTHEPHOTONEFFECTTHEINFRAREDACQUISITIONAIDTHISKINDOFSENSORSPEEDOFRESPONSEQUICK,THESENSITIVITYHIGH,THEEXAMINATIONCHARACTERISTICISGOOD,BUTNEEDSTOCOOL,USESNOTCONVENIENTLYMOREOVERTHECOMPONENTEXAMINATIONSENSITIVITYANDTHEINFRAREDWAVELENGTHCONCERNTHEHOTACQUISITIONSENSORISUSESHOTLYRELEASESTHEELECTRICITYEFFECTTHEINFRAREDACQUISITIONAIDAFTERRECEIVESTHEGOALTHEINFRAREDRADIATIONTEMPERATUREINCREMENT,THETEMPERATUREELEVATESCAUSESTHEINTHEMODERNURBANFAMILY,BECAUSEOFLOTOFPEOPLEDONOTUNDERSTANDCOMMONSENSEHOMESECURITYCAUSEDBYFIRE,SOTHATTHEHAPPYFAMILYGOOGLERUINEDBLINKOFANEYE,ANDSOMELEADTODESTRUCTION,BUTTHEEVENTOFHOUSEHOLDFIRES,IMPROPERDISPOSAL,ALARMDELAYISCAUSEDSOTHATPEOPLESHOULDGETTOKNOWMOREABOUTTHEMAINCAUSESOFHOUSEHOLDFIRES,MASTERTOPREVENTTHEFIREOFKNOWLEDGEANDINCASEOFFIRETOPROTECTHISORHEROWNWAY,TIMELYELIMINATIONOFTHEUNITEDKINGDOMEACHYEARMORETHAN50000FAMILIESOFSERIOUSFIRES,MOSTOFTHEMFIRECASUALTIESANDSIGNIFICANTLOSSOFHOUSEHOLDASSETS,ANDSOMERESULTINTHENEIGHBORS,MOREHEAVYFIRELOSSESINVESTIGATETHECAUSESOFFIREINTIME,THEVASTMAJORITYOFHOMEFIRESHAPPENPARTIESSAIDTHATTHEFIREALWAYSFEELTHATTHINGSAREOTHERPEOPLEWITHTHEIROWNFARAWAY,DIDNOTTHINKTHISWILLHAPPENEVENINTHETOPOFHISHEADHOMEFIRESARETHEMAINREASONFORNEGLIGENTNOTTOTAKETIMELYPREVENTIVEMEASURESINSOMEOFOURLARGEANDMEDIUMSIZEDCITIES,ALMOSTEVERYDAYFAMILYFIRES,FIREPREVENTIONISSOEACHFAMILYMUSTALWAYSPAYATTENTIONTOIFYOURHOMEBASEDONTHEACTUALSITUATIONINADVANCETOTAKESIMPLEFIREPREVENTIONMEASURES,ANUMBEROFTRAGEDIESAREENTIRELYAVOIDABLEAUTOMATICFIREALARMSYSTEMISINORDERTOINFORMTHEEARLYDETECTIONOFFIRE,ANDTAKEEFFECTIVEMEASURESTOCONTROLANDFIGHTFIRES,ANDSETINABUILDINGOROTHERPLACEOFANAUTOMATICFIREFACILITIES,ISTHATPEOPLEWITHA

簡介：中文中文4500字出處出處CHENXNFROMWATERENTRYTOLOCKENTRYJJOURNALOFHYDRODYNAMICS,2010,225885892從一個船閘到另一個船閘XUENONGCHEN摘要摘要在本文中，研究了船舶入閘問題，這實(shí)際上和作者25年前在何教授的指導(dǎo)完成的入閘問題類似，但數(shù)值不同。一維非恒定流窄縫流道耦合模型模擬在浪涌下船的運(yùn)動，并用公式和數(shù)字來反應(yīng)船體起伏和傾斜程度。計(jì)算船舶運(yùn)動在杜伊斯堡淺水池用模型實(shí)驗(yàn)進(jìn)行了對比驗(yàn)證。為了研究巴拿馬某運(yùn)河新船閘工程結(jié)構(gòu)實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)Ｐ偷某叨刃?yīng)對粘性的影響進(jìn)行進(jìn)一步的考慮。因此，實(shí)驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證模型應(yīng)用于優(yōu)化船舶入閘時間通過在最大限度的改變水道。關(guān)鍵詞入水；船舶入閘；自由表面運(yùn)動；船舶運(yùn)動；流體動力學(xué)剛體耦合。1引言引言二十五年前，在何友聲教授的指導(dǎo)下，作者完成了他的碩士學(xué)位論文1對三維入水問題的數(shù)值模擬問題。這個問題的主要性質(zhì)是剛體和自由表面運(yùn)動之間的強(qiáng)相互作用。作為一個剛體（導(dǎo)彈）的入水沖擊，它產(chǎn)生了顯著的自由表面運(yùn)動并且表明了通過制止剛體運(yùn)動或者改變其運(yùn)動方向的不對稱情況下有一個巨大的作用力。今天，在何教授八十歲生日的座談會上，本文要介紹另一個問題，這是來自一個完全不同的應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域，但有一個非常相似的物理性質(zhì)的入水問題即船閘入水。當(dāng)船開始進(jìn)入船閘時，由于船閘的突然狹窄或變淺，船將帶動大量的水前前，以至于在船閘中出現(xiàn)一個孔。由于船受反力影響，極大的降低了速度，造成顯著的縱搖和垂蕩。剛體和自由表面之間在前臺也是相互作用，它是同一性質(zhì)的入水問題。在本文中，船舶運(yùn)動進(jìn)入或者呆在在一個很窄的船閘的問題，不僅局限于船閘入水問題，也是對船舶運(yùn)動或震動和流動堵塞和摩擦的粘性效應(yīng)之間的相互作用的特別研究。一維非恒定流窄縫流道耦合模型模擬在浪涌下船的運(yùn)動，本文的標(biāo)題反映了作者的最近研究與他原來的碩士學(xué)位論文實(shí)際連接。從軍事到民用領(lǐng)域的定位研究，從中國到德國，作者得益于他的生活知識，他獲得了在上海交通大學(xué)的一致好評，尤其是何教授。2數(shù)學(xué)模型數(shù)學(xué)模型使用兩個坐標(biāo)系統(tǒng)地球系統(tǒng)和系統(tǒng)的水平移動與船。他們的O’X’Y’Z’關(guān)系是其中是船舶長度和ΞT是覆蓋距離（從閘門到船艏）。船的重心G下沉量L用S（T）表示；由Θ（T）（斯特恩陽性）配平。因此，動態(tài)局部截面積SD正常水位下0可以從靜態(tài)值S0的計(jì)算，公示如下在這里，只有嚴(yán)格對稱的情況下，即，對稱的船舶沿船閘中心線進(jìn)入一個船閘。因此，問題就簡化為一維的，即，自由表面ZΖ（），在X方向的平X，T均流體速度Μ（），并且動態(tài)局部管截面積注滿水時X，T流量采用以下質(zhì)量守恒和動量方程水壓力表示為根據(jù)式（5）Α1表示在管側(cè)壁和船體曲面的局部摩擦力。它具有主導(dǎo)作用，但在之前的模型3中，是很原始并通過試驗(yàn)確定了它的數(shù)值和誤差價值。這局部摩擦模型的改進(jìn)是本文的主要工作，將在下一節(jié)描述。在數(shù)值計(jì)算中的誤差。Α2是一個很小的粘性的波阻尼可以忽略。由于對稱性認(rèn)為只有三個自由度（浪涌，垂蕩和縱傾角）。水作用于船上的壓力FX，F(xiàn)Z和力矩MY（6）在3中詳細(xì)表達(dá)。

簡介：外文文獻(xiàn)THETRADITIONALELECTRONSAFEALARMSYSTEMMAINLYISTHROUGHTHESENSORAUTOMATICDETECTION,PRODUCESTHEALARM,SENDSOUTTHEALARMFROMTHESCENEORREPORTSTOTHEPOLICETHROUGHTHESPECIALELECTRICCABLENEARDISTANCE,THUSCAUSESPEOPLESVIGILANCETHROUGHMANYYEARSRESEARCHANDTHEDEVELOPMENT,THEPRESENTALARMAPPARATUSMAYSAYISTHECLASSISMULTITUDINOUSASARESULTOFTHEALARMAPPARATUSRAPIDDEVELOPMENTANDTHESOCIALEACHDOMAINANXIOUSNEED,CANTHEAPPLICATIONDOMAINBEMOREANDMOREMANY,SPECIALLYISRAPIDLYDEVELOPSINTHECIVILDOMAININRECENTYEARS,THEINFRAREDALARMAPPARATUSALREADYBECAMEREPORTSTOTHEPOLICEADOMAINHOTSPOT,BECAUSEITUSEDWASNOTTHEOBVIOUSLYINFRAREDACQUISITION,THEREFOREHADTHEHIDINGTOBEGOOD,CHARACTERISTICANDSOONSECURITYTHEINFRAREDSENSORISDIFFERENTACCORDINGTOTHEMECHANISMMAYDIVIDEINTOTHELIGHTSURVEYANDTHEHOTSURVEYTHELIGHTACQUISITIONSENSORISUSESTHEPHOTONEFFECTTHEINFRAREDACQUISITIONAIDTHISKINDOFSENSORSPEEDOFRESPONSEQUICK,THESENSITIVITYHIGH,THEEXAMINATIONCHARACTERISTICISGOOD,BUTNEEDSTOCOOL,USESNOTCONVENIENTLYMOREOVERTHECOMPONENTEXAMINATIONSENSITIVITYANDTHEINFRAREDWAVELENGTHCONCERNTHEHOTACQUISITIONSENSORISUSESHOTLYRELEASESTHEELECTRICITYEFFECTTHEINFRAREDACQUISITIONAIDAFTERRECEIVESTHEGOALTHEINFRAREDRADIATIONTEMPERATUREINCREMENT,THETEMPERATUREELEVATESCAUSESTHESENSORINTERIORCERTAINPHYSICALQUANTITIESCHANGES,THROUGHEXAMINATIONPHYSICALQUANTITYCHANGEDEFINITEINFRAREDEMISSIONTHISKINDOFSENSORWORKSUNDERTHEROOMTEMPERATURECONDITION,EXAMINATIONSENSITIVITYALSOVERYHIGH,SPEEDOFRESPONSEALSOVERYQUICK,MOREOVERHASNOTHINGTODOWITHWITHTHEINFRAREDEMISSIONWAVELENGTH,MAYSURVEYTHEPOWERONLYTORECEIVETHEBACKGROUNDRADIATIONTHELIMIT,THEAPPLICATIONISVERYCONVENIENTTHISARTICLEWITHTHEIROWNFARAWAY,DIDNOTTHINKTHISWILLHAPPENEVENINTHETOPOFHISHEADHOMEFIRESARETHEMAINREASONFORNEGLIGENTNOTTOTAKETIMELYPREVENTIVEMEASURESINSOMEOFOURLARGEANDMEDIUMSIZEDCITIES,ALMOSTEVERYDAYFAMILYFIRES,FIREPREVENTIONISSOEACHFAMILYMUSTALWAYSPAYATTENTIONTOIFYOURHOMEBASEDONTHEACTUALSITUATIONINADVANCETOTAKESIMPLEFIREPREVENTIONMEASURES,ANUMBEROFTRAGEDIESAREENTIRELYAVOIDABLEAUTOMATICFIREALARMSYSTEMISINORDERTOINFORMTHEEARLYDETECTIONOFFIRE,ANDTAKEEFFECTIVEMEASURESTOCONTROLANDFIGHTFIRES,ANDSETINABUILDINGOROTHERPLACEOFANAUTOMATICFIREFACILITIES,ISTHATPEOPLEWITHAPOWERFULTOOLTOFIGHTTHEFIREFIREALARMSYSTEM,FIREDETECTORSGENERALLY,REGIONALCENTRALIZEDALARMALARMANDCOMPOSITIONALSOBEREQUIREDUNDERTHEPROJECTWITHVARIOUSFIREFIGHTINGFACILITIESANDCOMMUNICATIONDEVICESLINKEDTOFORMACENTRALCONTROLSYSTEMFROMAUTOMATICALARM,AUTOMATICFIREFIGHTING,EVACUATIONGUIDANCE,SYSTEMPROCESSSHOWSTHAT,FIREUPACOMPLETEFILEMANAGEMENT,FIRECONTROLSYSTEMFIREDETECTORSAREFIREDETECTIONDEVICES,ASINTHESTAGEOFFIREWILLPRODUCESMOKEWITHHIGHTEMPERATUREFLAMECELLSTHESMOKE,HEATANDLIGHTINTOELECTRICALSIGNALSTHROUGHTHEDETECTORALARMORAUTOMATICFIREEXTINGUISHINGSYSTEMTOSTARTFIGHTINGTHEFIREINTIMEAREAWHERETHEFLOOROFALARMDETECTORCANSENDTHESIGNALINTOSOUNDANDLIGHTALARM,ANDFIREONTHESCREENSHOWINGTHEROOMNUMBERWHILEALSOMONITORINGTHECONCENTRATIONOFCERTAINFLOORSOFALARMIFTHEMONITORISLOCATEDINTHEBUILDINGFIRECONTROLCENTEROUTPUTSIGNALORCONTROLAUTOMATICFIREEXTINGUISHINGSYSTEMCONCENTRATIONOFALARMSIGNALISRECEIVEDBYWAYOFSOUNDANDLIGHTSHOW,ANDTHESCREENALSOSHOWSTHESPECIFICFIREFLOORANDROOMNUMBER,THEPLANESTOPPEDTAKINGTHEFIRSTALARMCLOCKTORECORD