簡介：1外文文獻(xiàn)原稿和譯文外文文獻(xiàn)原稿和譯文原稿LOGISTICSDISTRIBUTIONCENTERLOCATIONFACTORS1THEGOODSDISTRIBUTIONANDQUANTITYTHISISTHEDISTRIBUTIONCENTERANDDISTRIBUTIONOFTHEOBJECT,SUCHASGOODSSOURCEANDTHEFUTUREOFDISTRIBUTION,HISTORYANDCURRENTANDFUTUREFORECASTANDDEVELOPMENT,ETCDISTRIBUTIONCENTERSHOULDASFARASPOSSIBLEANDPRODUCERFORMINTHEAREAANDDISTRIBUTIONSHORTOPTIMIZATIONTHEQUANTITYOFGOODSISALONGWITHTHEGROWTHOFTHESIZEDISTRIBUTIONANDCONSTANTGROWTHGOODSHIGHERGROWTHRATE,THEMOREDEMANDDISTRIBUTIONCENTERLOCATIONISREASONABLEANDREDUCINGCONVEYINGPROCESSUNNECESSARYWASTE2TRANSPORTATIONCONDITIONSTHELOCATIONOFLOGISTICSDISTRIBUTIONCENTERSHOULDBECLOSETOTHETRANSPORTATIONHUB,ANDTOFORMTHELOGISTICSDISTRIBUTIONCENTERINTHEPROCESSOFAPROPERNODESINTHECONDITIONAL,DISTRIBUTIONCENTERSHOULDBEASCLOSETOTHERAILWAYSTATION,PORTANDHIGHWAY3LANDCONDITIONSLOGISTICSDISTRIBUTIONCENTERCOVERSANAREAOFLANDININCREASINGLYEXPENSIVEPROBLEMTODAYISMOREANDMOREIMPORTANTISTHEUSEOFTHEEXISTINGLANDORLANDAGAINLANDPRICEWHETHERTOCONFORMTOTHEREQUIREMENTSOFTHEPLANFORTHEGOVERNMENT,ANDSOON,INTHECONSTRUCTIONDISTRIBUTIONCENTERHAVECONSIDERED4COMMODITIESFLOWENTERPRISEPRODUCTIONOFCONSUMERGOODSASTHEPOPULATIONSHIFTANDCHANGE,SHOULDACCORDINGTOENTERPRISESBETTERDISTRIBUTIONSYSTEMPOSITIONINGMEANWHILE,INDUSTRIALPRODUCTSMARKETWILLTRANSFERCHANGE,INORDERTODETERMINETHERAWMATERIALSANDSEMIFINISHEDPRODUCTSOFCOMMODITIESSUCHASCHANGEOFFLOWINTHELOCATIONOFLOGISTICSDISTRIBUTIONCENTERSHOULDBECONSIDEREDWHENTHEFLOWOFTHESPECIFICCONDITIONSOFTHERELEVANTGOODS5OTHERFACTORSSUCHASLABOR,TRANSPORTATIONANDSERVICECONVENIENCEDEGREE,INVESTMENTRESTRICTIONS,ETC3OCCUPIESALARGEPROPORTIONOFTHECOSTOFTHEENTIRECIRCULATION．THECHAINSUPERMARKETCOMPANY’SLOGISTICSCOSTINDEVELOPEDCOUNTRIESSUCHASTHEUNITEDSTATES．JAPANANDEUROPEUSUALLYACCOUNTSFOR46％OFTHESALES．THELOGISTICSCOSTOFCOLDSTORAGEDISTRIBUTIONINCLUDINGFROZEN，CHILLEDIS2．5TIMESTHELOGISTICSCOSTOFNORMALTEMPERATUREDISTRIBUTION．IFTHESPECIALATTENTIONISNOTPAIDTOTHEACCOUNTINGOFLOGISTICSCOSTOFDISTRIBUTIONCENTER,ITWOULDLIKETOBRINGTHESERIOUSCONSEQUENCETOTHEENTERPRISE．THEBESTLOCATIONOFAGRICULTURALPRODUCTLOGISTICSDISTRIBUTIONCENTERSHOULDBELOCATEDNEARBY“RIVERGARDEN”THROUGHABOVECOMPUTERMODELINGANALYSISITISTHEMINIMUMTRANSPORTCOSTFROMEACHOF5POINTSTOTHELOCATIONTHEREAREMANYUNCERTAINFACTORSDIFFICULTTOBEMEASUREDINACTUALAPPLICATIONS,WHICHCANBESOLVEDBYADJUSTINGTRANSPORTRATRITHISLOCATIONCANBASICALLYMEETTHEDEMANDHEKEYOFTHEMODEL’SAPPLICATIONISTHEACCURATESUBSTITUTIONOFTHEMAPS,ANDITISNOTDIFFICULTTOFIGUREOUT．INACTUALLOGISTICSPRACTICE，POSSIBLYINVOLVINGTENSOREVENHUNDREDSOFDISTRIBUTIONPOINTS，THEUSEOFCOMPUTERMETHODSWILLBEVERYVALUABLE。THEORETICALLYSPEAKING，ALTHOUGHITSPRECISIONHASCERTAINERROR；COMPAREDTOTHETRADITIONALLOCATIONMETHODDEPENDINGONSUBJECTIVEIMAGINATION．ITISSCIENTIFICSOMEWHAT．ADDITIONALLY,THEABOVEMENTIONEDMETHODISCONCISE，ANDNOADVANCEDCOMPUTERPROGRAMMINGTECHNOLOGYISNEEDED，ASLONGASWITHCERTAINCOMPUTERKNOWLEDGEANDOPERATINGSKILLS，ANYONECANCOMPLETEIT，ANDEASILYAPPLYITTOLOGISTICSPRACTICE．EXPERIENCESFROMABROADSHOWSTHATTHECORRECTLOCATIONOFAGRICULTURALPRODUCTLOGISTICSDISTRIBUTIONCENTERWILLHELPTHEHEALTHYANDORDERLYDEVELOPMENTOFLOGISTICSINDUSTRY．THERAPIDINDUSTRIALIZATIONANDGROWTHOFMANYCOUNTRIESAROUNDTHEWORLDHASSPURREDTHEDEVELOPMENTOFSUPPLYCHAINSMANAGEMENTREACHAROUNDTHEWORLDSUPPLYCHAINMANAGEMENTISTHEMANAGEMENTWHICHINCREASESTHEVALUEOFSUPPLYCHAINITISTHEPROCESSOFPLAN,MODERATENESSANDCONTROLAMONGDEPARTMENTSANDORGANIZATIONSINTHEWHOLESUPPLYCHAINTOTHEFLOWOFGOODS,INFORMATIONANDCAPITALETCITSPURPOSEISTOMAXIMIZENETVALUEANDINCREASEOPERATIONALEFFICIENCYANDEFFECTIVENESSTOALLRELATEDPROCESSTHROUGHSYSTEMOPTIMIZATION

簡介：中文1664字英文原文PREPARATIONANDOPTICALPROPERTIESOFTRANSPARENTCEYAGCERAMICSFORHIGHPOWERWHITELEDSNISHIURA1,STANABE1,KFUJIOKA2,YFUJIMOTO2ANDMNAKATSUKA21GRADUATESCHOOLOFHUMANANDENVIRONMENTALSTUDIES,KYOTOUNIVERSITY,YOSHIDANIHONMATSUCHO,SAKYOKU,KYOTO6068501,JAPAN2INSTITUTEOFLASERENGINEERING,OSAKAUNIVERSITY,26YAMADAOKA,SUITA,OSAKA5650871,JAPANEMAILSNISHIURANCTDDMBOXMEDIAKYOTOUACJPABSTRACTTRANSPARENTCEYAGCERAMICSWERESYNTHESIZEDFROMTHECEYAGPOWDERWHICHWASPRODUCEDBYCOPREPARATIONMETHODOFTHEHYDROXIDESTHECEYAGCERAMICSEXHIBITABROADEMISSIONBANDPEAKEDAT530NMDUETOTHE5D→4FTRANSITIONOFCE3THETRANSMITTANCESOFTHESAMPLESOBTAINEDWERE7087AT800NMTHEABSORPTIONCOEFFICIENTANDEMISSIONINTENSITYOFCE3WEREINCREASEDWITHTHEINCREASEOFTHETHICKNESSWITHINCREASINGTHICKNESSOFTHESAMPLE,THECOLORCOORDINATESOFTHECEYAGCERAMICSUNDER465NMLEDEXCITATIONSHIFTEDFROMTHEBLUEREGIONTOTHEYELLOWREGIONWITHPASSINGNEARBYTHETHEORETICALWHITEPOINTTHEHIGHESTVALUEOFLUMINOUSEFFICACYOFTHEWHITELEDWAS735LM/W1INTRODUCTIONWHITELEDSARENOWEXTENSIVELYSPOTLIGHTEDASGENERALILLUMINATIONASWELLASBACKLIGHTOFTHELIQUIDCRYSTALDISPLAYLCD,CARHEADLIGHTSANDINDICATORLIGHTTHEADVANTAGESOFTHELEDSARELOWELECTRICCONSUMPTION,HIGHBRIGHTNESSANDLONGLIFETIME1THEMOSTCOMMONMETHODTOMAKETHEWHITELEDSISCOMBININGOFABLUELEDANDCEY3AL5O12YTTRIUMALUMINUMGARNETCEYAGPHOSPHORPACKEDWITHORGANICRESINS2THEFUNCTIONOFTHECEYAGPHOSPHORISTOABSORBTHEBLUELIGHTEMITTEDFROMTHEBLUELEDANDCONVERTSITTOYELLOWLIGHTTHEPHOSPHORHASABROADBANDEMISSIONDUETOTHE5D→4FTRANSITIONOFCE3THECOMBINATIONOFTWOLIGHTSOFTHETRANSMITTEDBLUELIGHTANDTHEFLUORESCENTYELLOWLIGHTMAKESWHITELIGHTHOWEVER,THISWHITELEDHASADISADVANTAGEOFTHERMALDEGRADATIONOFORGANIC72HTHERESULTINGPRECIPITATEWASCENTRIFUGEDANDWASHEDSEVENTIMESWITHDISTILLEDWATERANDETHANOLTHENITWASOVENDRIEDAT80oCFOR12HANDAT200oCFOR72HTHEPRECURSORPOWDERSOBTAINEDWEREHEATEDAT800oCFOR100HINAIRTOREMOVETHEORGANICSUBSTANCESTHEPOWDERSWEREHEATEDAT1200oCFOR90MININAIRTOGETTHEYAGPOWDERTHEMILLINGPROCESSWASCARRIEDOUTTOGRINDAWIDEVARIETYOFTHEPOWDERSIZEINTO200300NMAVERAGESINTHISPROCESS,ETHANOL,ADISPERSANTKYOEISHACHEMICALCO,LTD,FLOWLENG700ANDSIO2WEREADDEDTOTHEPOWDERATTHEWEIGHTRATIOFORPOWDERETHANOLOF15,04WTOFTHEETHANOLAND02WTOFTHEPOWDER,RESPECTIVELYAFTERTHEMILLINGPROCESS,ABINDERSEKISUICHEMICALCO,LTD,SLECBL1WASADDEDINTHESLURRYAT05WTOFTHEPOWDERANDTHESLURRYWASMILLEDWITHNYLONBALLSFOR24HTHEN,THESLURRYWASPOUREDINTOAMOLDLOCATEDONAGYPSUMPLATEITWASDRIEDATROOMTEMPERATUREFOR72HTHECAKEDSLURRYWASHEATEDTOREMOVETHEORGANICSUBSTANCESAT800oCFOR00HUNDERO2ATMOSPHEREFINALLY,ITWASHEATEDAT1780oCFOR20HUNDERVACUUMTHEYAGCERAMICSOBTAINEDWERECUTANDPOLISHEDCAREFULLYTHETHICKNESSWASSETINTHERANGEOF0108MM22MEASUREMENTTHEMICROSTRUCTUREOFTHEYAGCERAMICSWASOBSERVEDBYACONFOCALSCANNINGLASERMICROSCOPYOLYMPUSCORP,OLS1200THEOPTICALTRANSMITTANCEOFTHEMIRRORPOLISHEDSAMPLESONBOTHSURFACESWASMEASUREDOVERTHEWAVELENGTHREGIONFROM200TO850NMUSINGASPECTROPHOTOMETERSHIMADZUCORP,UV3600THEPHOTOLUMINESCENCEPLOFTHECEYAGCERAMICSWASMEASUREDUNDER465NMLEDNICHIACORP,NFSB036BINTHEOPTICALMEASUREMENT,THECEYAGCERAMICSWEREMOUNTEDONTHELEDTHESPECTRALPOWERANDPHOTONDISTRIBUTIONOFTOTALRADIANTFLUXOFPLSPECTRAWEREMEASUREDBYUSINGANINTEGRATINGSPHERELABSPHERE,INC,LMS100WHICHWASCONNECTEDTOACCDDETECTOROCEANOPTICS,INC,USB2000WITHANOPTICALFIBERASTANDARDHALOGENLAMPLABSPHERE,INC,CLS600WASUSEDFORCALIBRATINGTHISMEASUREMENTSYSTEMTHELUMINOUSEFFICACYLM/WOFTHECEYAGCERAMICSWASCALCULATEDFROMTHESPECTRALPOWERDISTRIBUTIONANDTHEELECTRICPOWEROFTHELEDTHELUMINOUSINTENSITYANDCOLORCOORDINATESX,YOFTHECEYAGCERAMICSWEREMEASUREDFROMTHECALIBRATEDSPECTRA

簡介：中文中文5660字本科畢業(yè)論文外文翻譯外文譯文題目對于E類型的簡單生產(chǎn)線平衡問題的解決過程出處出處COMPUTERSINDUSTRIALENGINEERING,2011,613824830學(xué)院機械自動化專業(yè)工業(yè)工程學(xué)號學(xué)生姓名學(xué)生姓名指導(dǎo)教師指導(dǎo)教師日期二○一四年五月

簡介：畢業(yè)論文外文資料翻譯畢業(yè)論文外文資料翻譯題目耕作方式與氮肥用量對土壤中有機物和氮的百分含量的影響學(xué)院資源與環(huán)境專業(yè)環(huán)境工程班級0701學(xué)生張學(xué)雷學(xué)號20070203070指導(dǎo)教師指導(dǎo)教師王惠二〇一一年三月二十日濟南大學(xué)畢業(yè)論文外文資料翻譯2ARRANGEDTOTHEMAINPLOTANDFOURNITROGENRATESTOTHESUBPLOTSTHREETILLAGEPRACTICES,FOURNITROGENLEVELSWEREUSEDINTHISSTUDYTABLE1THEUNITPLOTSIZEWAS40X25MTHEEXPERIMENTALAMANRICECVBINASHAILPLOTSWEREFERTILIZEDP2O540KGHA1K2O33KGHA1WITHTSPANDMPDURINGFINALLANDPREPARATIONUREAWASTOPDRESSEDINTHREEINSTALLMENTSAFTER10,25AND40DAYSAFTERTRANSPLANTINGTHESOILSAMPLESWERETAKENFROMTHREEDIFFERENTDEPTHANDSPOTSATTHEAREATOMAKEACOMPOSITSOILSAMPLEBEFORETRANSPLANTINGANDAFTERHARVESTTHESAMPLESWEREAIRDRIEDANDGROUNDTOPASSTHROUGHA2MM10MSEHSIEVETHEGROUNDSAMPLEWERESTOREDINCLEANPLASTICCONTAINERSFORCHEMICALANALYSISTHESOILSAMPLEWEREANALYSEDFORTHEDETERMINATIONOFNITROGENCONTENTINTHELABORATORYOFSOILSCIENCEDEPAARTMENT,BANGLADESHAGRICULTURALUNIVERSITY,MYMENSINGHNITROGENCONTENTSOFTHESOILWEREDETERMINEDBYMODIFIEDKJELDAHLMETHODAFTERDIGESTIONWITHCONEH2SO4,CATALYSTMIXTUREK2SO4CUSO4,5H2OSCPOWDER,100101ANDH2O2ANDTHENDISTILLATIONWITH10NNAOHSOLUTIONTHEAMMONIADISTILLEDOVERWASABSORVEDINH3BO3INDICATORSOLUTIONANDTITRATEDWITH001NH2SO4JACKSON,1973THERESULTSWEREEXPRESSEDINPERCENTAGEWETOXIDATIONMETHODWASFOLLOWEDTODETERMINEPERCENTAGEOFORGANICCARBONASDESCRIBEDBYBLACK1965ANDTHEORGANICMATTERCONTENTWASCALCULATEDBYMULTIPLYINGTHEORGANICCARBONWITHVANBEMMELENFACTOR173PIPER,1950RESULTSANDDISCUSSIONORGANICMATTERCONTENTORGANICMATTERCONTENTINSOILWASSTATISTICALLYSIGNIFICANTDUETODIFFERENTTILLAGEPRACTICESTABLE1TILLAGEOPERATIONSCHANGEDORGANICMATTERCONTENTINSOILATDIFFERENTDEPTHMAXIMUMORGANICMATTERCONTENT069WASMEASUREDUNDERNOTILLAGET0）AT010CMSOILDEPTHMINIMUMORGANICMATTERCONTENT024WASFOUNDBY20CMDEEPTILLAGET2TREATMENTAT2030CMDEPTHDEEPTILLAGEFAVOUREDFORRAPIDDECOMPOSITIONOFORGANICMATTERTHANNOTILLAGEDECOMPOSITIONRATEOFORGANICMATTERWASREDUCEDBYNOTILLAGEASARESULTORGANICMATTERCONTENTBECOMESHIGHUNDERNOTILLAGETHERESULTWASSUPPORTEDBYAGENBAGANDMAREE1989ANDBOYLEETAL1989ALSOREPORTEDTHATNOTILLAGEANDTOALESSEREXTENTSHALLOWTINETILLAGETENDEDTOINCREASEORGANICCARBONCONTENTSINTHE010CMSOILPROFILERAHMAN1997REPORTEDTHATTILLAGEOPERATIONSIGNIFICANTLYINFLUENCEDTHEORGANICMATTERCONTENTOFTHESOILUPTOADEPTHOF030CMANDHIGHESTORGANICMATTERCONTENTWASMEASUREDBYNOTILLAGEOPERATIONTHEINTERACTIONEFFECTOFTILLAGEANDNITROGENONORGANICMATTERCONTENTWASNOTSTATISTICALLYSIGNIFICANTTABLE2THEHIGHESTORGANICMATTERCONTENT071WASMEASUREDINNOTILLAGEWITHHIGHERRATESOFNITROGEN105KGNHA1ANDTHELOWEST022INDEEPTILLAGEWITHNONITROGENAPPLICATION

簡介：外文資料原文1中文中文3825字ANEWLOWTEMPERATURESYNTHESISROUTEOFMETHANOLCATALYTICEFFECTOFTHEALCOHOLICSOLVENT1INTRODUCTIONGASPHASEMETHANOLISBEINGPRODUCEDINDUSTRIALLYBY3040MILLIONTONPERYEARAROUNDTHEWORLD,FROMCO/CO2/H2ATATEMPERATURERANGEOF523573KANDAPRESSURERANGEOF50100BAR,USINGCOPPERZINCBASEDOXIDECATALYSTUNDERTHESEEXTREMEREACTIONCONDITIONS,THEEFFICIENCYOFMETHANOLSYNTHESISISSEVERELYLIMITEDBYTHERMODYNAMICSASMETHANOLSYNTHESISISANEXTREMELYEXOTHERMICREACTION1,2FOREXAMPLE,AT573KAND50BAR,ITISCALCULATEDBYTHERMODYNAMICSTHATTHEORETICMAXIMUMONEPASSCOCONVERSIONISAROUND20FORFLOWTYPEREACTORWHENH2/CO2ALSOITISREPORTEDTHATTHEONEPASSCOCONVERSIONINTHEINDUSTRIALICIPROCESSISBETWEEN15AND25,EVENIFH2RICHGASISUSEDH2/CO5,523573K3THEREFORE,DEVELOPINGALOWTEMPERATUREPROCESSFORMETHANOLSYNTHESIS,WHICHWILLGREATLYREDUCETHEPRODUCTIONCOSTANDUTILIZETHETHERMODYNAMICADVANTAGEATLOWTEMPERATURE,ISCHALLENGINGANDIMPORTANT3IFCONVERSIONISHIGHENOUGHINMETHANOLSYNTHESIS,RECYCLINGOFTHEUNREACTEDSYNGASCANBEOMITTEDANDAIRCANBEUSEDDIRECTLYINTHEREFORMER,INSTEADOFPUREOXYGENGENERALLY,LOWTEMPERATUREMETHANOLSYNTHESISISCONDUCTEDINTHELIQUIDPHASETHEBNLMETHODFIRSTREPORTEDBYBROOKHAVENNATIONALLABORATORYBNL,USINGAVERYSTRONGBASECATALYSTMIXTUREOFNAH,ACETATE,REALIZEDTHISCONTINUOUSLIQUIDPHASESYNTHESISINASEMIBATCHREACTORAT373403KAND1050BARHOWEVER,AREMARKABLEDRAWBACKOFTHISPROCESSISTHATEVENATRACEAMOUNTOFCARBONDIOXIDEANDWATERINTHEFEEDGASORREACTIONSYSTEMWILLDEACTIVATETHESTRONGLYBASICCATALYSTSOON,4,5RESULTINGINHIGHCOSTCOMINGFROMTHECOMPLETEPURIFICATIONOFTHESYNGASFROMREFORMER,ANDREACTIVATIONOFTHEDEACTIVATEDCATALYSTTHISISTHEMAIN外文資料原文3SELECTIVITYFORMETHANOLFORMATIONATTEMPERATUREASLOWAS423443K26INTHISCOMMUNICATION,THECATALYTICPROMOTINGEFFECTSOFDIFFERENTALCOHOLSONTHESYNTHESISOFMETHANOLFROMCO/CO2/H2ONCU/ZNOCATALYSTWEREINVESTIGATEDHIGHYIELDSOFMETHANOLWEREREALIZEDWHILESOMEALCOHOLSWEREUTILIZED2EXPERIMENTALSECTIONTHECATALYSTWASPREPAREDBYTHECONVENTIONALCOPRECIPITATIONMETHODANAQUEOUSSOLUTIONCONTAININGCOPPER,ZINCNITRATESCU/ZNINMOLARRATIO1,ANDANAQUEOUSSOLUTIONOFSODIUMCARBONATEWEREADDEDSIMULTANEOUSLYWITHCONSTANTSTIRRINGTO300MLOFWATERTHEPRECIPITATIONTEMPERATUREANDPHVALUEWEREMAINTAINEDAT338KAND8385,RESPECTIVELYTHERESULTINGPRECIPITATEWASFILTRATEDANDWASHEDWITHDISTILLEDWATER,FOLLOWEDBYDRYINGAT383KFOR24HANDCALCINATIONAT623KFOR1HTHISPRECURSORWASTHENREDUCEDBYAFLOWOF5HYDROGENINNITROGENAT473KFOR13HANDSUCCESSIVELYPASSIVATEDBY2OXYGENDILUTEDBYARGONTHEBETSURFACEAREAFORTHECATALYSTWAS594M2/GTHECATALYSTHEREISDENOTEDASCU/ZNOAINTHEEXPERIMENTSUSINGREACTANTGASOFDIFFERENTCOMPOSITION,ACOMMERCIALLYAVAILABLEICICATALYSTICI512WASALSOUSEDTHROUGHTHESAMEREDUCTIONPRETREATMENT,DENOTEDHEREASCU/ZNOBTHEBETSURFACEAREAFORCU/ZNOBWAS201M2/GTOCONFIRMTHEINFLUENCEOFTHECATALYSTPASSIVATION,ATAILORMADEREACTORWHEREINSITUREDUCTIONOFTHECATALYSTBEFOREETHANOLINTRODUCTIONWASAVAILABLE,WASUSEDTOPERFORMTHECATALYSTREDUCTIONANDREACTIONBUTNODIFFERENCEINREACTIONBEHAVIORWASOBSERVEDSOUSINGPASSIVATEDCATALYSTREDUCEDSEPARATELYHADNOINFLUENCEINTHEREACTION,ACLOSEDTYPICALBATCHREACTORWITHINNERVOLUMEOF80MLANDASTIRRERWASUSEDTHESTIRRINGSPEEDOFTHEPROPELLERTYPESTIRRERWASCAREFULLYCHECKEDTOELIMINATETHEDIFFUSIONRESISTANCEBETWEENGAS,LIQUID,ANDSOLIDPHASESADESIREDAMOUNTOFSOLVENTANDCATALYSTWASADDEDINTOTHEREACTORTHENTHEREACTORWAS

簡介：中文中文37683768字畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文）外文文獻(xiàn)譯文及原文學(xué)生生學(xué)號號院（系）（系）電氣與信息工程學(xué)院專業(yè)業(yè)電氣工程及其自動化指導(dǎo)教師指導(dǎo)教師2009年6月20日2圖1AMR系統(tǒng)架構(gòu)如圖1所示，在住宅區(qū)有兩個現(xiàn)有的通訊線路，包括無線局域網(wǎng)和雙絞線線。雙絞線電纜線當(dāng)前執(zhí)行區(qū)熱控制和自動報警的任務(wù)。所有的消費機位于公寓內(nèi)，集中器位于公寓大樓的電力控制室。無線局域網(wǎng)將兩個供熱廠和建設(shè)的基站（基站）設(shè)備聯(lián)系在一起。AMR系統(tǒng)今后的目標(biāo)是確定網(wǎng)絡(luò)架構(gòu)，它可以實施每一個公司的網(wǎng)絡(luò)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施且符合公司和其它客戶的要求?；镜腁MR系統(tǒng)自動抄表系統(tǒng)執(zhí)行任務(wù)的數(shù)據(jù)都保存在各種數(shù)據(jù)庫，通常在客戶信息系統(tǒng)（CIS）數(shù)據(jù)庫（見圖1的設(shè)計模型，通信步驟1）。通常過去24小時抄表數(shù)據(jù)均儲存在集中器中?？筛鶕?jù)需要每天一次或每月一次閱讀數(shù)據(jù)。本研究共分四節(jié)首先，我們提出一個AMR系統(tǒng)試點項目，計劃及其執(zhí)行情況，因為它通常用無線技術(shù)，這項研究的重點是AMR系統(tǒng)的WLAN（無線局域網(wǎng)絡(luò)）的溝通。其余本文安排如下。第2節(jié)中說明所采取的測量設(shè)置。測量結(jié)果和它們的討論在后續(xù)第3節(jié)中。最后，在第4節(jié)給出了有關(guān)結(jié)論。2測量設(shè)置測量方面的連接量實現(xiàn)了測量量的文件傳輸?shù)腇TP連接。在本研究中的參數(shù)為傳輸速度，平均延遲，抖動和轉(zhuǎn)播。轉(zhuǎn)播百分比需要額外的軟件計算。首先，我們必須找到使用以太網(wǎng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)分析儀的傳播軟件包的序列號。在此之后，該序列號被移交給轉(zhuǎn)播的電子表格程序和計算的數(shù)額比較發(fā)送和接收的數(shù)據(jù)包。轉(zhuǎn)播百分比描述了在這些測量數(shù)據(jù)通信的可靠性。延遲和抖動的計算方法是使用PING程序和傳輸速度的使用電子表格程序。這些參數(shù)確定的主要方面的數(shù)據(jù)通信的可用性和QOS的要求。所有數(shù)據(jù)均采取了試點項目建設(shè)的環(huán)境包括四個測量情況如下情景1無線通信無基站設(shè)備情景2無線通信，包括PLC的以太網(wǎng)橋，基站設(shè)備，以及客戶天線情景3測量程序與WLAN的溝通，從濃縮的能源公司房地

簡介：中文中文4110字出處出處JNATMED201064182–186用HPLC–DAD–ESI–MS/MS方法對黃芪抗病毒活方法對黃芪抗病毒活性部位進(jìn)行植物化學(xué)研究性部位進(jìn)行植物化學(xué)研究LITANGYINGLIUYEINGWANGCHUNLINLON摘要黃芪在中國是一種用來治療疾病的常用中草藥。為了弄清黃芪的抗病毒成分，我們用HPLC–DAD–ESI–MS/MS分離和鑒定了黃芪提取物的幾種抗病毒的活性成分。通過比較已發(fā)表文獻(xiàn)的保留時間和MS數(shù)據(jù)，共鑒定出18個化合物，包括11個黃酮和7個皂苷類化合物。這個研究為快速鑒別傳統(tǒng)中藥的生物活性成分提供了一種途徑。關(guān)鍵詞黃芪抗病毒的活性黃酮皂苷前言中藥廣泛用于疾病的治療，為中華民族的繁榮和發(fā)展做出了重要貢獻(xiàn)。然而，它的治療機制卻沒有弄清。現(xiàn)在中藥的復(fù)雜成分和它的有效性相關(guān)的提法被廣泛接受。因此，為了保證中藥在臨床上的可靠性，更好的弄清藥物活性的基礎(chǔ)并且提高產(chǎn)品的質(zhì)量，闡明和分析中藥的活性成分是很有必要的。由于中藥成分的復(fù)雜性使這一領(lǐng)域的研究有很大挑戰(zhàn)性。因此，鑒別有效成分是很重要的?，F(xiàn)在，HPLC–MSN已經(jīng)被證明是中藥提取鑒定的一個有力工具。這個方法在靈敏度和特異性方面有優(yōu)勢。黃芪，是莢膜黃芪的干燥根，在中國叫做黃芪，是廣為人知的一種補氣藥。黃芪擁有許多生物學(xué)功能，包括保肝，抗氧化，抗病毒，抗高血壓和刺激免疫應(yīng)答等。根據(jù)報道黃芪含有三萜皂苷，異黃酮類和多糖等類成分。在這個研究研究中，我們對黃芪的有抗炎活性的部分進(jìn)行了植物化學(xué)成分的研究。采用HPLC–DAD–ESI–MS/MS技術(shù)，比對已有化合物的UV光譜和MS數(shù)據(jù)共鑒別出18個化合物，包括11個黃酮類化合物和7個皂苷類化合物。這個結(jié)果有助于人們對黃芪的臨床用藥有更好的理解，并且有利于為這個傳統(tǒng)中草藥提供更好的質(zhì)量控制方法。材料和方法材料和方法化學(xué)制品和試劑司。培養(yǎng)基放在37°C，5CO2條件的培養(yǎng)箱中。副流感病毒，呼吸道合胞體病毒，單純皰疹病毒1，單純皰疹病毒2，腺病毒3和腺病毒7由中國中藥研究所，中藥研究會提供。病毒在單層HEP2細(xì)胞中繁殖并儲存在70°C的冰箱中。體外測定抗病毒活性體外測定抗病毒活性被測成分用DMSO溶解并濃縮到10MG/ML。工作溶液通過用MEM雙重連續(xù)稀釋的方法準(zhǔn)備好并加入到四個孔中，200ΜL/WELL。正常細(xì)胞做對照。四天的培養(yǎng)過程中，通過光學(xué)顯微鏡觀察致細(xì)胞病變效應(yīng)。通過REED–MUENCH方法，黃芪的濃縮物的CC50被測定出來。HEP2細(xì)胞生長至匯合，在滴度100CCID50下被病毒感染。在15小時長的病毒吸收期后，含病毒的介質(zhì)換成新鮮介質(zhì)，被測部位經(jīng)過一系列的稀釋同時加入到培養(yǎng)基中。感染細(xì)胞不接受控制病毒的藥物治療。當(dāng)傳染病后4896小時百分百的細(xì)胞病變效應(yīng)被檢測到后，能獲得百分之五十的抑制CPE的藥物濃度稱為半抑制濃度，通過三次獨立測定得到。選擇性指數(shù)，或者CC50和IC50的比也能計算被測部分的抗病毒活性。利巴韋林用做陽性對照?？共《净钚缘纳餃y定方法抗病毒活性的生物測定方法抗副流感病毒活性測試用黃芪乙醇提取物和過大孔樹脂后的水，30乙醇和70乙醇的洗脫部分。四部分的半抑制濃度分別為207±52,1352±46,484±39,和158±12ΜG/ML。相應(yīng)的四部分的選擇性指數(shù)分別為58±06,15±04,31±03和85±06。這表明70乙醇從D101上的洗脫的部位是黃芪最有抗病毒活性的部分。百分之七十部分的一系列的抗病毒活性列在表一中。結(jié)果表明百分之七十的部位對呼吸道病毒，單純皰疹病毒1，單純皰疹病毒2有適度的活性。對腺病毒3，腺病毒7和副流感病毒有重要的抑制活性。結(jié)果表明百分之七十的部分是黃芪的抗病毒活性的基礎(chǔ)。表1百分之七十部位在HEP2細(xì)胞中的抗病毒活性。70FRIBAVIRINVIRUSIC50TG/MLSIIC50TG/MLSIPARAINFLUENZAVIRUS141±1185±06773±5894±07RESPIRATORYSYNCYTIALVIRUS571±5621±021137±8564±04HERPESSIMPLEXVIRUS1414±4729±031433±5851±02HERPESSIMPLEXVIRUS2428±4128±031283±4557±02ADENOVIRUS3226±0853±02953±10577±07

簡介：中文中文3300字出處出處THEINTERNATIONALJOURNALOFADVANCEDMANUFACTURINGTECHNOLOGY,2006,2756543546SEQUENTIALMONITORINGOFMANUFACTURINGPROCESSESANAPPLICATIONOFGREYFORECASTINGMODELSLILINKUTUNGCHENHUANGABSTRACTTHISSTUDYUSEDSTATISTICALCONTROLCHARTSASANEFFICIENTTOOLFORIMPROVINGANDMONITORINGTHEQUALITYOFMANUFACTURINGPROCESSESUNDERTHENORMALITYASSUMPTION,WHENAPROCESSVARIABLEISWITHINCONTROLLIMITS,THEPROCESSISTREATEDASBEINGINCONTROLSOMETIMES,THEPROCESSACTSASANINCONTROLPROCESSFORSHORTPERIODSHOWEVER,ONCETHEDATASHOWTHATTHEPRODUCTIONPROCESSISOUTOFCONTROL,ALOTOFDEFECTIVEPRODUCTSWILLHAVEALREADYBEENPRODUCED,ESPECIALLYWHENTHEPROCESSEXHIBITSANAPPARENTNORMALTRENDBEHAVIORORIFTHECHANGEISONLYSLIGHTINTHISPAPER,WEEXPLORETHEAPPLICATIONOFGREYFORECASTINGMODELSFORPREDICTINGANDMONITORINGPRODUCTIONPROCESSESTHEPERFORMANCEOFCONTROLCHARTSBASEDONGREYPREDICTORSFORDETECTINGPROCESSCHANGESISINVESTIGATEDTHEAVERAGERUNLENGTHARLISUSEDTOMEASURETHEEFFECTIVENESSWHENAMEANSHIFTEXISTSWHENAMEANSHIFTOCCURS,THEGREYPREDICTORSAREFOUNDTOBESUPERIORTOTHESAMPLEMEAN,ESPECIALLYIFTHENUMBEROFSUBGROUPSUSEDTOCOMPUTETHEGREYPREDICTORSISSMALLTHEGREYPREDICTORISALSOFOUNDTOBEVERYSENSITIVETOTHENUMBEROFSUBGROUPSKEYWORDSAVERAGERUNLENGTHCONTROLCHARTCONTROLLIMITGREYPREDICTOR1INTRODUCTIONSTATISTICALCONTROLCHARTSHAVELONGBEENUSEDASANEFFICIENTTOOLFORIMPROVINGANDMONITORINGTHEQUALITYOFMANUFACTURINGPROCESSESTRADITIONALSTATISTICALPROCESSCONTROLSPCMETHODSASSUMETHATTHEPROCESSVARIABLEISDISTRIBUTEDNORMALLY,ANDTHATTHEOBSERVEDDATAAREINDEPENDENTUNDERTHENORMALITYASSUMPTION,WHENTHEPROCESSVARIABLEISWITHINTHECONTROLLIMITS,THEPROCESSISTREATEDASBEINGINCONTROLOTHERWISE,THEPROCESSASSUMESTHATSOMECHANGESHAVEOCCURRED,IE,THEPROCESSMAYBEOUTOFCONTROLISCALLEDAWHITESYSTEMWHENITSINFORMATIONISTOTALLYCLEARWHENASYSTEM’SINFORMATIONISTOTALLYUNKNOWN,ITISCALLEDABLACKSYSTEMIFASYSTEM’SINFORMATIONISPARTIALLYKNOWN,THENITISCALLEDAGREYSYSTEMINMANUFACTURINGPROCESSES,THEOPERATIONALCONDITIONS,FACILITYRELIABILITYANDEMPLOYEEBEHAVIORSAREALLFACTORSTHATAREIMPOSSIBLETOBETOTALLYKNOWNORBEFULLYUNDERCONTROLINORDERTOCONTROLTHESYSTEMBEHAVIOR,AGREYMODELISUSEDTOCONSTRUCTANORDINARYDIFFERENTIALEQUATION,ANDTHENTHEDIFFERENTIALEQUATIONOFTHEGREYMODELISSOLVEDBYUSINGSCARCEPASTDATA,THEGREYMODELCANACCURATELYPREDICTTHEOUTPUTAFTERTHEOUTPUTISPREDICTED,ITCANBECHECKEDIFTHEPROCESSISUNDERCONTROLORNOTINTHISPAPER,WEMONITORANDPREDICTTHEPROCESSOUTPUTBYMEANSOFTHEGM1,1MODEL7SEQUENTIALMONITORINGISAPROCEDUREINWHICHANEWOUTPUTPOINTISCHOSENUSUALLYITISASAMPLEMEANANDTHECUMULATIVERESULTSOFTHEGREYFORECASTSAREANALYZEDBEFOREPROCEEDINGTOTHENEXTNEWPOINTTHEPROCEDURECANBESEPARATEDINTOFIVESTEPSSTEP1COLLECTORIGINALDATAANDBUILDADATASEQUENCETHEOBSERVEDORIGINALDATAAREDEFINEDAS,WHEREISTHSAMPLEMEANTHERAWSEQUENCEOFSAMPLESIS0IXIIKDEFINEDAS1??00302010,,,KXXXXX??STEP2TRANSFORMTHEORIGINALDATASEQUENCEINTOANEWSEQUENCEANEWSEQUENCEISGENERATEDBYTHEACCUMULATEDGENERATINGOPERATIONAGO,WHERE1X2??11312111,,,KXXXXX??THEISDERIVEDASFOLLOWS1IX3,,2,1,101????INNIKIXX?STEP3BUILDAFIRSTORDERDIFFERENTIALEQUATIONOFTHEGM1,1MODELBYTRANSFORMINGTHEORIGINALDATASEQUENCEINTOAFIRSTORDERDIFFERENTIALEQUATION,THETIMESERIESCANBEAPPROXIMATEDBYANEXPONENTIALFUNCTIONTHEGREYDIFFERENTIALMODELISOBTAINEDAS4BXADTXD??11

簡介：本科畢業(yè)設(shè)計外文文獻(xiàn)及譯文文獻(xiàn)、資料題目FRUITANDVEGETABLESINTHEAMERICANDIETDATAFROMTHENHANES11SURVEY文獻(xiàn)、資料來源AMERICANJOURNALOFPUBLICHEALTH文獻(xiàn)、資料發(fā)表（出版）日期1990院（部）市政與環(huán)境工程學(xué)院專業(yè)生物工程班級生物092姓名吳世英學(xué)號2009041150指導(dǎo)教師張超翻譯日期201366山東建筑大學(xué)畢業(yè)設(shè)計外文文獻(xiàn)及譯文1HUMANSERVICESDHHSRECOMMENDASPARTOFTHEIRFOODGUIDANCESYSTEMTHATTHEDAILYDIETINCLUDETWOTOTHREESERVINGSOFFRUITANDTHREETOFIVESERVINGSOFVEGETABLES45THESESPECIFICRECOMMENDATIONSAREINTHECONTEXTOFGENERALRECOMMENDATIONSFORADIETTHATMEETSNUTRIENTREQUIREMENTS,DOESNOTINCLUDEEXCESSIVEAMOUNTSOFFATINPARTICULARSATURATEDFATS,ANDISCONSISTENTWITHMAINTAININGDESIRABLEWEIGHTITISIMPORTANTTHEREFORETODETERMINEWHATRELATIONINCREASEDFRUITANDVEGETABLECONSUMPTIONMIGHTHAVE,NOTONLYTOINTAKEOFOBVIOUSLYRELATEDNUTRIENTSSUCHASVITAMINSAANDCBUTALSOTOFATINTAKEANDMAINTENANCEOFAPPROPRIATEBODYWEIGHTINTHENHANESIIDATA,COLLECTEDBETWEEN1976AND1980,ITISPOSSIBLETOEXAMINETHESERELATIONSHIPSINSELFSELECTEDDIETSTHATWEREACTUALLYCONSUMEDDURINGA24HOURPERIODBYAREPRESENTATIVESAMPLEOFUSADULTSTHEARTICLEMENTIONEDABOVEDESCRIBEDTHEPROPORTIONSOFTHEUSPOPULATIONTHATCONSUMEDANYAMOUNTOFAGIVENFOOD,HOWEVERLARGEORSMALLNOATTEMPTWASMADETODETERMINETHENUMBEROFSERVINGSCONSUMEDINTHEPRESENTINQUIRYWEESTIMATETHENUMBEROFSERVINGSCONSUMED,TAKINGPORTIONSIZEINTOACCOUNTWEALSOEXAMINETHEINTAKEOFCALORIES,FAT,FIBER,ANDVITAMINSAANDCINTHEDIETSOFPERSONSCONSUMINGVARIOUSNUMBERSOFSERVINGSOFFRUITANDVEGETABLESWHILEITISOBVIOUSTHATINTAKEOFVITAMINSAANDCWOULDINCREASEWITHINCREASINGNUMBERSOFSERVINGS,THERELATIVECONTRIBUTIONOFFRUITVERSUSVEGETABLESISNOTWELLKNOWN,NORISTHENUTRIENTINTAKEACTUALLYACHIEVEDINSELFSELECTEDDIETSSIMILARLY,THEDIETARYFIBERINTAKECONTAINEDINDIETSINCLUDINGMULTIPLESERVINGSOFFRUITANDVEGETABLESMAYBEINADEQUATELYAPPRECIATEDBYTHEGENERALPUBLICMETHODSTHENHANESIISURVEYWASCONDUCTEDBYTHENATIONALCENTERFORHEALTHSTATISTICSBETWEEN1976AND19806AHIGHLYSTRATIFIEDMULTISTAGEPROBABILITYDESIGNWASUSEDTOOBTAINAREPRESENTATIVESAMPLEOFTHECIVILIANNOINSTITUTIONALIZEDPOPULATION,AGESSIXMONTHSTO74YEARSWEREPORTON10,313WHITEAND1,335BLACKADULTSAGES19TO74WEEXCLUDEDOTHERRACESBECAUSEOFSMALLNUMBERS,ASWELLASIMPUTED,UNRELIABLE,ORSURROGATEDATARESULTSAREBASEDONWEIGHTEDDATA,PERMITTINGINFERENCEABOUTTHETOTALBLACKANDWHITENONINSTITUTIONALIZEDUSPOPULATION7GROUPMEANSANDSTANDARDERRORSWERECALCULATEDUSINGSOFTWAREAPPROPRIATEFORCOMPLEXSAMPLESURVEYDATA8STANDARDERRORSAREFREQUENTLYLARGEFORBLACKS,DUETOTHEIRSMALLNUMBERINTHESURVEYTHEREFORE,RESULTSFORBLACKSSHOULDBEVIEWEDWITHCAUTIONCONVERSELY,

簡介：中文中文3300字出處出處THEINTERNATIONALJOURNALOFADVANCEDMANUFACTURINGTECHNOLOGY,2006,2756543546SEQUENTIALMONITORINGOFMANUFACTURINGPROCESSESANAPPLICATIONOFGREYFORECASTINGMODELSLILINKUTUNGCHENHUANGABSTRACTTHISSTUDYUSEDSTATISTICALCONTROLCHARTSASANEFFICIENTTOOLFORIMPROVINGANDMONITORINGTHEQUALITYOFMANUFACTURINGPROCESSESUNDERTHENORMALITYASSUMPTION,WHENAPROCESSVARIABLEISWITHINCONTROLLIMITS,THEPROCESSISTREATEDASBEINGINCONTROLSOMETIMES,THEPROCESSACTSASANINCONTROLPROCESSFORSHORTPERIODSHOWEVER,ONCETHEDATASHOWTHATTHEPRODUCTIONPROCESSISOUTOFCONTROL,ALOTOFDEFECTIVEPRODUCTSWILLHAVEALREADYBEENPRODUCED,ESPECIALLYWHENTHEPROCESSEXHIBITSANAPPARENTNORMALTRENDBEHAVIORORIFTHECHANGEISONLYSLIGHTINTHISPAPER,WEEXPLORETHEAPPLICATIONOFGREYFORECASTINGMODELSFORPREDICTINGANDMONITORINGPRODUCTIONPROCESSESTHEPERFORMANCEOFCONTROLCHARTSBASEDONGREYPREDICTORSFORDETECTINGPROCESSCHANGESISINVESTIGATEDTHEAVERAGERUNLENGTHARLISUSEDTOMEASURETHEEFFECTIVENESSWHENAMEANSHIFTEXISTSWHENAMEANSHIFTOCCURS,THEGREYPREDICTORSAREFOUNDTOBESUPERIORTOTHESAMPLEMEAN,ESPECIALLYIFTHENUMBEROFSUBGROUPSUSEDTOCOMPUTETHEGREYPREDICTORSISSMALLTHEGREYPREDICTORISALSOFOUNDTOBEVERYSENSITIVETOTHENUMBEROFSUBGROUPSKEYWORDSAVERAGERUNLENGTHCONTROLCHARTCONTROLLIMITGREYPREDICTOR1INTRODUCTIONSTATISTICALCONTROLCHARTSHAVELONGBEENUSEDASANEFFICIENTTOOLFORIMPROVINGANDMONITORINGTHEQUALITYOFMANUFACTURINGPROCESSESTRADITIONALSTATISTICALPROCESSCONTROLSPCMETHODSASSUMETHATTHEPROCESSVARIABLEISDISTRIBUTEDNORMALLY,ANDTHATTHEOBSERVEDDATAAREINDEPENDENTUNDERTHENORMALITYASSUMPTION,WHENTHEPROCESSVARIABLEISWITHINTHECONTROLLIMITS,THEPROCESSISTREATEDASBEINGINCONTROLOTHERWISE,THEPROCESSASSUMESTHATSOMECHANGESHAVEOCCURRED,IE,THEPROCESSMAYBEOUTOFCONTROLISCALLEDAWHITESYSTEMWHENITSINFORMATIONISTOTALLYCLEARWHENASYSTEM’SINFORMATIONISTOTALLYUNKNOWN,ITISCALLEDABLACKSYSTEMIFASYSTEM’SINFORMATIONISPARTIALLYKNOWN,THENITISCALLEDAGREYSYSTEMINMANUFACTURINGPROCESSES,THEOPERATIONALCONDITIONS,FACILITYRELIABILITYANDEMPLOYEEBEHAVIORSAREALLFACTORSTHATAREIMPOSSIBLETOBETOTALLYKNOWNORBEFULLYUNDERCONTROLINORDERTOCONTROLTHESYSTEMBEHAVIOR,AGREYMODELISUSEDTOCONSTRUCTANORDINARYDIFFERENTIALEQUATION,ANDTHENTHEDIFFERENTIALEQUATIONOFTHEGREYMODELISSOLVEDBYUSINGSCARCEPASTDATA,THEGREYMODELCANACCURATELYPREDICTTHEOUTPUTAFTERTHEOUTPUTISPREDICTED,ITCANBECHECKEDIFTHEPROCESSISUNDERCONTROLORNOTINTHISPAPER,WEMONITORANDPREDICTTHEPROCESSOUTPUTBYMEANSOFTHEGM1,1MODEL7SEQUENTIALMONITORINGISAPROCEDUREINWHICHANEWOUTPUTPOINTISCHOSENUSUALLYITISASAMPLEMEANANDTHECUMULATIVERESULTSOFTHEGREYFORECASTSAREANALYZEDBEFOREPROCEEDINGTOTHENEXTNEWPOINTTHEPROCEDURECANBESEPARATEDINTOFIVESTEPSSTEP1COLLECTORIGINALDATAANDBUILDADATASEQUENCETHEOBSERVEDORIGINALDATAAREDEFINEDAS,WHEREISTHSAMPLEMEANTHERAWSEQUENCEOFSAMPLESIS0IXIIKDEFINEDAS1??00302010,,,KXXXXX??STEP2TRANSFORMTHEORIGINALDATASEQUENCEINTOANEWSEQUENCEANEWSEQUENCEISGENERATEDBYTHEACCUMULATEDGENERATINGOPERATIONAGO,WHERE1X2??11312111,,,KXXXXX??THEISDERIVEDASFOLLOWS1IX3,,2,1,101????INNIKIXX?STEP3BUILDAFIRSTORDERDIFFERENTIALEQUATIONOFTHEGM1,1MODELBYTRANSFORMINGTHEORIGINALDATASEQUENCEINTOAFIRSTORDERDIFFERENTIALEQUATION,THETIMESERIESCANBEAPPROXIMATEDBYANEXPONENTIALFUNCTIONTHEGREYDIFFERENTIALMODELISOBTAINEDAS4BXADTXD??11

簡介：中文中文30603060字附錄A外文翻譯A1外文原文MEASUREMENTSOFTHEDISTORTEDNOLOADCURRENTOFA20/60KV6MVAYY0POWERTRANSFORMERKIMS?GAARDWOJCIECHTCLAUSLETHBAKAALBORGUNIVERSITYWIECHOWSKIAALBORGUNIVERSITYAALBORG,DENMARKAALBORGUNIVERSITYAALBORG,DENMARKSOEGAARDIEEEORGAALBORG,DENMARKCLBIETAUCDKWTWIETAUCDKABSTRACTTHISPAPERPRESENTSTHERESULTSFROMMEASUREMENTSOFTHEDISTORTEDNOLOADCURRENTOFA6MVA20/60KVTRANSFORMERINTHEEXECUTIONOFTHEMEASUREMENT,THESUPPLYSETUPDURINGTHEMEASUREMENTSHASBEENCHANGEDTHECHANGESIMPLYDIFFERENTCONNECTIONSOFTHE04/20KVSUPPLYINGTRANSFORMERTHESECONDARYWINDINGOFTHESUPPLYINGTRANSFORMERARECONNECTEDIND,WYEANDYN,ANDFOREACHCONNECTION,THEMEASUREMENTSAREREPEATEDTHEMEASUREMENTISPERFORMEDWITHCONSTRUCTEDCURRENTANDVOLTAGETRANSDUCERSWITHANAMPLITUDEACCURACYBETTERTHAN±1ITHASBEENSHOWNTHATTHEHARMONICCONTENTSINTHENOLOADCURRENTTHE6MVA20/60KVTRANSFORMERTHRIGEISASPREDICTEDBY61INTRODUCTIONDUETOTHELACKOFMEASUREMENTSOFTHEDISTORTEDNOLOADCURRENTOFLARGEPOWERFIGURE1SCHEMATICDIAGRAMOFTHESUPPLYSETUPFOR20/60KVTRANSFORMERTHRIGEINAGGERSUND2MEASUREMENTSETUP21CURRENTTRANSDUCERTHECURRENTTRANSDUCERISALEMPR30CURRENTPROBETHECURRENTTRANSDUCERTRANSFORMSTHEMEASUREDCURRENTTOAVOLTAGEWITHAPRECISIONTHATISPRESENTINTABLE1NEXTTOTHEDEMANDSFROMIEC61000475TABLE1PRECISIONFORTHECURRENTTRANSDUCERSANDDEMANDSFROMIEC6100047ACCURACYCURRENTIEC6100047TRANSDUCERAMPLITUDE±1±5PHASE2oFREQUENCYRANGEDCTO100KHZDCTO25KHZTHEPRECISIONFORTHECURRENTTRANSDUCERISOBTAINEDFROMTHERELEVANTDATASHEET4THELEMCURRENTTRANSDUCERISPLACEDONADAPTEDCARDBOARDTHATGUARANTEECENTREPOSITIONAROUNDTHECONDUCTOR22VOLTAGETRANSDUCERTHEVOLTAGETRANSDUCERISCONSTRUCTEDOFTWOCAPACITORSCONNECTEDINSERIES,ASILLUSTRATEDONFIGURE2

簡介：中文中文4940字出處出處ACOSTAJ,CARPIOY,BORROTOI,ETALMYOSTATINGENESILENCEDBYRNAISHOWAZEBRAFISHGIANTPHENOTYPEJJOURNALOFBIOTECHNOLOGY,2005,1194324331外文翻譯外文翻譯RNAI沉默肌肉生長抑制素基因致斑馬魚表型巨大化沉默肌肉生長抑制素基因致斑馬魚表型巨大化JANNELACOSTA1，YAMILACARPIO1，INGRIDBORROTO，OSMANYGONZ′ALEZ，MARIOPABLOESTRADA水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖生物技術(shù)項目，動物生物技術(shù)部門，遺傳工程和生物技術(shù)中心，郵政信箱6162，哈瓦那10600，古巴2004年12月23日收到；修訂后的形式2005年4月15日在收到摘要摘要肌肉生長抑制素是轉(zhuǎn)化生長因子Β（TGFΒ）家族的成員之一，是骨骼肌生長和發(fā)育的一個負(fù)調(diào)節(jié)因子。最近，據(jù)報導(dǎo)，表達(dá)肌肉生長抑制素前體蛋白的轉(zhuǎn)基因斑馬魚骨骼肌的纖維增加。其它新的研究結(jié)果表明，除了抑制增殖及分化，肌肉生長抑制素在肌細(xì)胞生成中也扮演著一個重要角色。我們已經(jīng)研究了斑馬魚雙鏈RNADSRNA抑制肌肉生長抑制素功能的能力。通過顯微注射羅非魚對應(yīng)于生物活性C端結(jié)構(gòu)域，從肌肉生長抑制素蛋白第268個胺基酸的密碼子到端密碼子的DSRNA，使實驗魚體重增加。在早期的發(fā)育階段注入DSRNA，可使斑馬魚肌肉發(fā)生增生或肥大。此外，干擾基因的影響表現(xiàn)出很強的DSRNA量的依賴性。關(guān)鍵詞關(guān)鍵詞斑馬魚，肌肉生長抑制素，核糖核酸干擾，基因沉默，肥大，增生1．介紹．介紹肌肉生長抑制素MSTN是轉(zhuǎn)化生長因子Β（TGFΒ）的成員之一，它對一些哺乳動物物種的骨骼肌生長起著關(guān)鍵的負(fù)調(diào)節(jié)作用。攜帶MSTN自然突變基因的“雙肌”品種的牛比標(biāo)準(zhǔn)品種有更多的肌肉LEE和MCPHERRON，1997年；KAMBADUR等人，1997年；GROBET等人，1997年，1998年。敲除MSTN基因的小鼠骨骼肌肉急劇增加，并最終導(dǎo)致其增生和肥大MCPHERRON等人，1997年。2001年，LEE和MCPHERRON的報告指出，轉(zhuǎn)基因小鼠表達(dá)MSTN的原結(jié)構(gòu)域，卵泡抑素或啟動素受體IIB型ACTRIIB在肌肉細(xì)胞中顯負(fù)性，增強肌肉的生長，各方面都類似于被敲除MSTN基因的小鼠。此外，由于MSTN的抑制，轉(zhuǎn)基因魚MSTN表達(dá)原結(jié)構(gòu)下放置34小時，制作DSRNA。經(jīng)退火的RNA（DSRNA）的溶液加入RNASEA（05克/毫升）在37℃放置15分鐘，降解至單鏈RNA。在瓊脂糖凝膠上對不同的物種進(jìn)行了檢查。所有12細(xì)胞階段的胚胎注射5個DSRNA分子/胚胎（注射液1FG/L）和5106個DSRNA分子/胚胎（注射液1NG/L）。陰性對照組胚胎顯微注射載體相同的菌種（PBS1，137MM氯化鈉，27MM氯化鉀，43MM磷酸氫二鈉7H2O，PH值73）。22RTPCR通過使用TRI試劑（SIGMA公司），按照制造商的說明提取受精24小時后的胚胎HPF的總RNA。CDNA第一鏈通過使用逆轉(zhuǎn)錄系統(tǒng)（PROMEGA公司）合成20_L，從總RNA的5_G逆轉(zhuǎn)錄（RT）反應(yīng)。PCR進(jìn)行20_L以15稀釋比率的逆轉(zhuǎn)錄反應(yīng)。方法與AMALI等的（2004年）相同，使用引物進(jìn)行PCR擴增，得到496BP的斑馬魚MSTN和最大476BP的CDNA（用于作為內(nèi)標(biāo)物模板量的差異正?；CR程序為預(yù)變性94℃下2分鐘；MSTN進(jìn)行35個循環(huán)，最大的片斷進(jìn)行30個循環(huán)；在94℃下進(jìn)行30秒，55℃下進(jìn)行30秒和72℃下進(jìn)行1分鐘；最后延伸時間為72℃下7分鐘。將PCR產(chǎn)物進(jìn)行1％凝膠電泳。使用1D圖像分析軟件（柯達(dá)）進(jìn)行定量分析，由頻帶的強度計算基因表達(dá)的相對值。研究確定基因表達(dá)周期數(shù)的驗證測試，在該測試中進(jìn)行所描述的PCR反應(yīng)，但在不同的周期數(shù)終止。構(gòu)建了在不同PCR循環(huán)中產(chǎn)生的穩(wěn)定的PCR產(chǎn)物量的檔案，并在擴增曲線的指數(shù)區(qū)域內(nèi)選擇所使用的周期數(shù)。這是為了可以確保用PCR產(chǎn)物的量反映原樣品中模板的量。23．成長性評價和肌肉組織學(xué)分析．成長性評價和肌肉組織學(xué)分析要確定所有顯微注射30天，60天和75天后魚的體重。對各組中的20條個體的魚，各取肌肉組織，制成常規(guī)的石蠟切片，用甲醛固定10小時后，通過蘇木精曙紅染色法（簡稱HE染色法），進(jìn)行肌肉組織學(xué)分析。選擇腹鰭底部的第一棘的垂直部分的肌纖維進(jìn)行定量分析。對染色部分進(jìn)行了拍照，并使用DIGIPAT程序（33版本，EICISOFT，古巴）將圖像進(jìn)行分析。確定一個固定的放大倍數(shù)（20倍），在顯微鏡下對一個給定的區(qū)域內(nèi)纖維的總數(shù)進(jìn)行計數(shù)。24．統(tǒng)計分析．統(tǒng)計分析誤差條指示平均值的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)誤差。（）表示P001，（）表示P005，顯微注射組作為學(xué)生T檢驗的對照組。3．結(jié)果與討論．結(jié)果與討論最近羅非魚（奧利亞羅非魚）的MSTN基因（GENBANK登錄號AF197193）被發(fā)現(xiàn)并克隆。與羅非魚的核酸序列和氨基酸序列是高度同源的斑馬魚，DNA序列同源性約是羅非魚的74％（RODGER等人，2001年）。

簡介：中文中文3452字出處出處CATALYSISTODAY,1999,53139CATALYTICSTRATEGIESFORINDUSTRIALWATERREUSEFEHANCOCKSYNETIX,BILLINGHAM,CLEVELAND,TS231LB,UKABSTRACTTHEUSEOFCATALYTICPROCESSESINPOLLUTIONABATEMENTANDRESOURCERECOVERYISWIDESPREADANDOFSIGNIFICANTECONOMICIMPORTANCERJFARRAUTO,CHBARTHOLOMEW,FUNDAMENTALSOFINDUSTRIALCATALYTICPROCESSES,BLACKIEACADEMICANDPROFESSIONAL,1997FORWATERRECOVERYANDREUSECHEMOCATALYSISISONLYJUSTSTARTINGTOMAKEANIMPACTALTHOUGHBIOCATALYSISISWELLESTABLISHEDJNHORAN,BIOLOGICALWASTEWATERTREATMENTSYSTEMSTHEORYANDOPERATION,CHICHESTER,WILEY,1990THISPAPERWILLDISCUSSSOMEOFTHEPRINCIPLESBEHINDDEVELOPINGCHEMOCATALYTICPROCESSESFORWATERREUSEWITHINTHISCONTEXTOXIDATIVECATALYTICCHEMISTRYHASMANYOPPORTUNITIESTOUNDERPINTHEDEVELOPMENTOFSUCCESSFULPROCESSESANDMANYEMERGINGTECHNOLOGIESBASEDONTHISCHEMISTRYCANBECONSIDEREDKEYWORDSCODREMOVALCATALYTICOXIDATIONINDUSTRIALWATERTREATMENT1INTRODUCTIONINDUSTRIALWATERREUSEINEUROPEHASNOTYETSTARTEDONTHELARGESCALEHOWEVER,WITHPOTENTIALLONGTERMCHANGESINEUROPEANWEATHERANDTHENEEDFORMOREWATERABSTRACTIONFROMBOREHOLESANDRIVERS,THEAVAILABILITYOFWATERATLOWPRICESWILLBECOMEINCREASINGLYRAREASWATERPRICESRISETHEREWILLCOMEAPOINTWHENTECHNOLOGIESTHATEXISTNOWORAREBEINGDEVELOPEDWILLMAKEWATERRECYCLEANDREUSEAVIABLECOMMERCIALOPERATIONASTHATFUTUREAPPROACHES,ITISWORTHSTATINGTHEMOSTIMPORTANTFACTABOUTWASTEWATERIMPROVEMENT–AVOIDITCOMPLETELYIFATALLPOSSIBLEITISBESTTOCONSIDERWATERNOTASANATURALLYAVAILABLECHEAPSOLVENTBUTRATHER,DIFFICULTTOPURIFY,EASILYCONTAMINATEDMATERIALTHATIFALLOWEDINTOTHEENVIRONMENTWILLPERMEATEALLPARTSOFTHEBIOSPHEREAPOLLUTANTISJUSTAMATERIALINTHEWRONGPLACEANDTHEREFOREDESIGNYOURPROCESSTOKEEPTHEMATERIALWHEREITSHOULDBE–CONTAINEDANDSAFEAVOIDANCEANDTHENMINIMISATIONARETHETWOFIRSTSTEPSINLOOKINGATANYPOLLUTANTREMOVALPROBLEMOFCOURSEAVOIDANCEMAYNOTBEANOPTIONONANEXISTINGPLANTWHEREANYCHANGESMAYHAVELARGECONSEQUENCESFORPLANTITEMSIFMAJORFLOWSHEETREVISIONWEREREQUIREDALSOAVOIDANCEMAYMEANSIMPLYTRANSFERRINGTHEISSUEFROMTHEAQUEOUSPHASETOTHEGASPHASETHEREAREADVANTAGESANDDISADVANTAGESTOBOTHWATERANDGASPOLLUTANTABATEMENTHOWEVER,ITMUSTBEREMEMBEREDTHATGASPHASEORGANICPOLLUTANTREMOVALVOCCOMBUSTIONETC,ISMUCHMOREADVANCEDTHANTHEEQUIVALENTWATERCODREMOVALANDTHEREFOREWORTHCONSIDERATION1BECAUSETHESEASPECTSCANNOTBEOVEREMPHASISED，ATHIRDSTEPSCRUBBINGISTHEUSUALMETHODANDTHISPRODUCESASIGNIFICANTWATEREFFLUENTDISPOSALPROBLEM24PHARMACEUTICALSANDAGROCHEMICALSTHESEINDUSTRIESCANHAVEWATERWASHSTEPSINSYNTHESISBUTINADDITIONTHEYAREOFTENFORMULATEDWITHWATERBASEDSURFACTANTSORWETTINGAGENTS25FOODSANDBEVERAGESCLEARLYUSEWATERINPROCESSINGANDCODANDBODISSUESWILLBETHEENDRESULT26PULPANDPAPERTHISINDUSTRYUSESVERYLARGEQUANTITIESOFWATERFORPROCESSING–AQUEOUSPEROXIDEANDENZYMESFORBLEACHINGINADDITIONTOTHESTANDARDKRAFTTYPEPROCESSINGOFTHEPULPITISIMPORTANTTOREALISEHOWMUCHHUMANSOCIETYCONTRIBUTESTOCONTAMINATEDWATERANDANINVESTIGATIONOFTHEFLOWRATESTHROUGHMUNICIPALTREATMENTPLANTSSOONSHOWSTHESIGNIFICANCEOFNONPROCESSINDUSTRYDERIVEDWASTEWATER3THETECHNOLOGIESTHETECHNOLOGIESFORRECALCITRANTCODANDTOXICPOLLUTANTSINAQUEOUSEFFLUENTARESHOWNINFIG2THESEEXAMPLESOFTECHNOLOGIES2,6,8AVAILABLEORINDEVELOPMENTCANBECATEGORISEDACCORDINGTOTHEGENERALPRINCIPLEUNDERLYINGTHEMECHANISMOFACTIONIFINADDITIONTHEADSORPTIONABSORPTIONPROCESSESAREIGNOREDFORTHISCATALYSISDISCUSSIONTHENTHECATEGORIESARE1BIOCATALYSIS2AIR/OXYGENBASEDCATALYTICORNONCATALYTIC3CHEMICALOXIDATION1WITHOUTCATALYSISUSINGCHEMICALOXIDANTS2WITHCATALYSISUSINGEITHERTHEGENERATIONOF_OHORACTIVEOXYGENTRANSFERBIOCATALYSISISANEXCELLENTTECHNOLOGYFORMUNICIPALWASTEWATERTREATMENTPROVIDINGAVERYCOSTEFFECTIVEROUTEFORTHEREMOVALOFORGANICSFROMWATERITISCAPABLEOFMUCHDEVELOPMENTVIATHEUSEOFDIFFERENTTYPESOFBACTERIATOINCREASETHEOVERALLFLEXIBILITYOFTHETECHNOLOGYONEISSUEREMAINS–WHATTODOWITHALLTHEACTIVATEDSLUDGEEVENAFTERMASSREDUCTIONBYDEWATERINGTHEQUANTITIESINVOLVEDMEANTHATTHISISNOTANEASYPROBLEMTOSOLVEANDREUSEASAFERTILIZERCANONLYUSESOMUCHTHESLUDGECANBETOXICVIAABSORPTIONOFHEAVYMETALS,RECALCITRANTTOXICCODINTHISCASEINCINERATIONANDSAFEDISPOSALOFTHEASHTOACCEPTABLELANDFILLMAYBEREQUIREDAIRBASEDOXIDATION6,7ISVERYATTRACTIVEBECAUSEPROVIDINGPURERGRADESOFOXYGENARENOTREQUIREDIFTHEOXIDANTISFREEUNFORTUNATELY,ITISONLYSLIGHTLYSOLUBLEINWATER,RATHERUNREACTIVEATLOWTEMPERATURESAND,THEREFORE,NEEDSHEATANDPRESSURETODELIVERREASONABLERATESOFREACTIONTHESEPLANTSBECOMECAPITALINTENSIVEASPRESSURESFROM_10TO100BARAREUSEDTHEREFORE,ALTHOUGHTHERUNNINGCOSTSMAYBELOWTHEINITIALCAPITALOUTLAYONTHEPLANTHASAVERYSIGNIFICANTEFFECTONTHE

簡介：1中文中文6915字本科畢業(yè)論文本科畢業(yè)論文設(shè)計設(shè)計外文翻譯題目美國大型農(nóng)業(yè)流域基流對硝酸鹽流失的貢獻(xiàn)研究美國大型農(nóng)業(yè)流域基流對硝酸鹽流失的貢獻(xiàn)研究姓名XX學(xué)號200070303204100專業(yè)環(huán)境工程指導(dǎo)教師職稱教授中國武漢二○一一年三月3ANDJANES,1999）。特別的，氮肥的使用是硝態(tài)氮的主要來源。早在二十世紀(jì)六十年代氮肥的使用量就持續(xù)上升，從二十世紀(jì)六十年代的不足200,000T/A上升到二十世紀(jì)九十年代早期的1000,000T/A（IAS,2001）。從1979到1990年，在浣熊河流域盆地，流體中平均硝態(tài)氮負(fù)荷占據(jù)了流域所施氮肥的25（LUCEYANDGOOLSBY,1993）。硝態(tài)氮主要通過作為基流地下水流和排泄溝進(jìn)入愛荷華州的河流（HALLBERG,1987）。SCHILLING（2002）報道說硝態(tài)氮的輸出主要是發(fā)生在愛荷華州流域兩個重要的基流中，同時在夏末和秋天基流輸送最強烈。硝態(tài)氮的輸出表現(xiàn)出顯著的季節(jié)性變化（OWENSETAL．,1991；PIONKEETAL．,1999；JAYNESETAL．,1999），同時它的變化也與地質(zhì)上對地下水出流的控制（SCHNABELETAL．,1993）及不同的土地利用方式（OWENSETAL．,1991；GBUREKANDFOLMER,1999；SCHILLING,2002）有關(guān)。暴風(fēng)雪引起的輸入更進(jìn)一步的強調(diào)了間歇性的非點源污染物質(zhì)的輸入（CARPENTERETAL．,1998；PIONKEETAL．,1999）。減輕像浣熊河這樣大面積農(nóng)業(yè)流域硝態(tài)氮輸出的影響，需要了解污染物傳輸進(jìn)入河流的主要方式以及它在空間上和時間上的變化模式。假設(shè)基流是硝態(tài)氮進(jìn)入浣熊河的主要輸送方式。在最佳管理方法被用來減少或截取流入河流的硝態(tài)氮之前，我們需要知道水量的大小、變化情況及基流中硝態(tài)氮的組分的動態(tài)變化。將適時的施肥或制定確立的河岸緩沖區(qū)與周期性大基流協(xié)調(diào)起來，這將會是在下游硝態(tài)氮轉(zhuǎn)輸發(fā)生前減輕土地中硝態(tài)氮流失的一個控制策略。這個研究的目的是（1）量化地下水復(fù)位和流出的基本水文學(xué)過程（土壤水分蒸發(fā)蒸騰損失總量和基流），（2）評估28年（19722000）以來浣熊河在流水和基流作用下硝態(tài)氮流失的年模式和季模式。為了實現(xiàn)我們的目標(biāo)，在中西部我們把所積累的每日流水量和硝酸鹽含量作為一個長期不斷監(jiān)測項目的一部分。我們的研究證明了維持一個長期的環(huán)境監(jiān)控方法的重要性，目的是為了克服短期的氣候可變性，同時提供了關(guān)于水文特征與化學(xué)物質(zhì)傳輸之間聯(lián)系的精確估算。２流域描述和資料來源２流域描述和資料來源

簡介：中文中文3360字本科畢業(yè)論文外文翻譯外文譯文題目（中文）物流信息服務(wù)系統(tǒng)的優(yōu)化管理學(xué)院管理學(xué)院專業(yè)工商管理學(xué)號學(xué)生姓名學(xué)生姓名指導(dǎo)教師指導(dǎo)教師日期2007年6月18日摘要本文論述了物流信息服務(wù)系統(tǒng)管理問題中的優(yōu)化問題，可以用排列系統(tǒng)（準(zhǔn)同步）理論來解決，介紹了準(zhǔn)最優(yōu)的管理信息化的物流信息服務(wù)系統(tǒng)中數(shù)學(xué)模型的構(gòu)建和有效的算法的發(fā)展。關(guān)鍵詞物流，物流信息管理，計算機系統(tǒng)管理協(xié)調(diào)員，計算機物流，數(shù)學(xué)模型，結(jié)構(gòu)。1物流系統(tǒng)的概念物流，作為一個意識形態(tài)，很早以前就被大家所認(rèn)識。最初，合理的測量、熟練的計算和邏輯推理都在它的范圍內(nèi)。物流系統(tǒng)是為了工業(yè)經(jīng)濟行為和商業(yè)經(jīng)濟行為而設(shè)立的，并且以整個系統(tǒng)的組織化、信息化、硬件和軟件維護、互相聯(lián)系的子系統(tǒng)的集合體為基礎(chǔ)。一個組織技術(shù)型的物流系統(tǒng)包括維修器材，原材料和零部件庫存，成品，將貨物運送到倉庫，銷售和使用。對這種系統(tǒng)的信息和網(wǎng)絡(luò)維護表現(xiàn)為兩種方式第一，作為一個有形的物流系統(tǒng)決策制定時的信息或網(wǎng)絡(luò)支持；第二，作為一個獨立的物流信息管理系統(tǒng)。在第二種情況下，即利用特殊的軟件建立的獨立的物流信息管理系統(tǒng)，使信息從輔助因素轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)楠毩⒌纳a(chǎn)力量，這能從根本上提高勞動生產(chǎn)率和降低生產(chǎn)成本。它從根本上提高了物流組織技術(shù)系統(tǒng)的功能有效性。物流的定義使它看起來像一個關(guān)于綜合組織技術(shù)管理的科學(xué)，它通過生產(chǎn)、經(jīng)濟和信息過程來達(dá)到降低整體成本的目的。由于不同的子系統(tǒng)都有各自的目標(biāo)，組織技術(shù)系統(tǒng)各子系統(tǒng)缺乏必要的合作，這導(dǎo)致了系統(tǒng)的不平衡。到如今，生產(chǎn)和工業(yè)、建筑和運輸、商業(yè)和貿(mào)易的物流基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施都已經(jīng)有所發(fā)展。但信息和網(wǎng)絡(luò)物流正處于形成階段。計算機技術(shù)市場能充分的描述全世界的工業(yè)、商業(yè)和運輸型物流系統(tǒng)。在這種情況下，由位于德國的衛(wèi)星自動控制系統(tǒng)設(shè)計的，并由物流單位完成的通用的公司管理系統(tǒng)將完成以下功能物料流通管理，公司資源計劃，供應(yīng)商市場分析，購買和供應(yīng)，庫存管理，交互運作，會計管理，存貨。信息共享的出現(xiàn)使得使用者的各單位和各子系統(tǒng)能夠自我控制。作為組織技術(shù)系統(tǒng)的結(jié)構(gòu)性