簡介：1法學(xué)法學(xué)外文文獻(xiàn)翻譯外文文獻(xiàn)翻譯題目論著作人身權(quán)的精神損害賠償姓名學(xué)院（部）專業(yè)法學(xué)班級學(xué)號指導(dǎo)教師職稱3人，并送美國版權(quán)局存檔。實施終止并不適用于雇傭協(xié)議的作品，其轉(zhuǎn)讓終止不會被免除。實施終止就是將所有授讓的權(quán)利歸還給作者（或她的繼承人，或遺產(chǎn)繼承人）。終止授讓權(quán)也有例外，即依據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)讓規(guī)定承受人可以繼續(xù)使用原作的衍生品，但無權(quán)制作新衍生作品。假設(shè)作者于2001年創(chuàng)作了她的兒童小說，并于2002年1月1日將版權(quán)轉(zhuǎn)讓給MEGACORP公司。該書暢銷不衰，銷量持續(xù)高位。十年來，該公司每年售出上萬冊，并將其成功地搬上熒幕，取得長期足的公演成就。作者（或她的繼承人，或遺產(chǎn)繼承人）可以終止其版權(quán)的轉(zhuǎn)讓。轉(zhuǎn)讓終止的生效期始于2037年1月1日之后5年內(nèi)的任意時間（是轉(zhuǎn)讓之日起后的35年，而非版權(quán)生效之日）。同理，她的次要轉(zhuǎn)讓的終止期也屬此列。例如，出版權(quán)的許可。她必須出示在此之前兩年以上的書面告知和有效的產(chǎn)權(quán)終止記錄。這樣終止才能生效，版權(quán)回歸作者。至此她可以將書出售或是另拍一部電影。她不能獲得MEGACORP公司拍攝的電影版權(quán)，而后者可以繼續(xù)使用該影片。MEGACORP公司亦不可根據(jù)該書的衍生作品拍攝其他電影。如果作者不行使終止轉(zhuǎn)讓權(quán)，則該公司可以繼續(xù)擁有版權(quán)并持續(xù)整個作品保護(hù)期（作者有生之年加上死后70年）。值得注意的是，如果作者以MEGACORP公司雇員的身份創(chuàng)作小說，就不享有轉(zhuǎn)讓的終止權(quán)。終止權(quán)不適用于雇傭協(xié)議的作品。由于是雇傭協(xié)議創(chuàng)作品，版權(quán)應(yīng)該歸雇傭者所有，即MEGACORP公司。但該公司與作者都不能行使終止權(quán)。著作者35年后也無權(quán)“收歸”作品。如果該公司出售了版權(quán)（就算是可轉(zhuǎn)讓），從法律上講也無權(quán)行使轉(zhuǎn)讓的終止權(quán)。第106A條視覺藝術(shù)中的精神權(quán)利除了美國版權(quán)法第106條17款外，視覺藝術(shù)的作者還享有本條款第106A款所規(guī)定的作品屬性和完整性的權(quán)利。這通常稱之為“精神權(quán)利”。如果帕梅拉創(chuàng)作一幅肖像，她擁有以下權(quán)利一聲明為該作品的原作者并防止發(fā)生非本人創(chuàng)作之視覺藝術(shù)品被錯誤地冠以本人之名的情況；（二）防止發(fā)生因（蓄意）曲解、抵毀，或是修改本作品的行為而導(dǎo)致在某種意義上可能損害其榮譽或名聲的現(xiàn)象；

簡介：字?jǐn)?shù)英文字?jǐn)?shù)英文18901890單詞，單詞，98459845字符；中文字符；中文31873187漢字漢字出處出處ADELABUADELABUOMOWALE,SANUSIOMOWALE,SANUSIBERNICETHEBERNICETHEYOUTH,YOUTH,REALITYREALITYTVTVSHOWSHOWSPONSORSHIPSPONSORSHIPANDANDBRANDBRANDPATRONAGEPATRONAGEANYANYNEXUSJNEWNEXUSJNEWMEDIAMEDIAANDANDMASSMASSCOMMUNICATION2015,3813341COMMUNICATION2015,3813341外文文獻(xiàn)外文文獻(xiàn)THEYOUTH,REALITYTVSHOWSPONSORSHIPANDBRANDPATRONAGEANYNEXUSABSTRACTWITHINCREASINGAPATHYTOADVERTISINGBYAUDIENCE,ESPECIALLYTHEYOUTH,ANDTHENEEDFORORGANISATIONSTOLOOKFORWAYOFPOSITIONINGTHEIRPRODUCTSANDSERVICESTOATTRACTNEWANDRETAINOLDCUSTOMERS,ORGANISATIONSARETURNINGTOREALITYTVSHOWSSPONSORSHIPREALITYTVSHOWSHAVEBECOMEONEOFTHEMOSTPOPULARSHOWSONTELEVISIONTHISDAYSREALITYTVPROGRAMMESISDEFINEASPROGRAMMETHATFILMREALPEOPLEASTHEYLIVEOUTEVENTSINTHEIRLIVES,CONTRIVEDOROTHERWISE,ASTHEYOCCURWITHSTUDENTSOFREDEEMER’SUNIVERSITYASITSSTUDYPOPULATION,THESTUDYADOPTSSURVEYDESIGN,USINGQUESTIONNAIREASDATACOLLECTIONINSTRUMENTASAMPLEOF240RESPONDENTSWASRANDOMLYSELECTEDFROMTHEPOPULATIONANDTESTINSTRUMENTADMINISTEREDONTHEM,ONLY235PIECESOFQUESTIONNAIREWERERETURNEDANDANALYSED,PUTTINGTHERESPONSERATEAT979THEFINDINGSSHOWEDTHATBRANDSPONSORSHIPOFREALITYSHOWSDOESNOTHAVEANYINFLUENCEONBRANDPATRONAGE565OFRESPONDENTSINDICATEDTHATTHEEFFECTOFBRANDSPONSORSHIPOFREALITYSHOWSONTHEIRPATRONAGEOFTHEPRODUCTISNEITHERPOSITIVENORNEGATIVERATHER,ITISNEUTRALORINCONSEQUENTIALTHISFINDINGSHOWEDTHATTHESPONSORSHIPOFREALITYTVSHOWSISNOTSOLELYRESPONSIBLEFORTHEINCREASEDPATRONAGEOFTHESPONSOREDBRANDHOWEVER,BRANDSPONSORSHIPOFREALITYTVPROGRAMMESCONTRIBUTESPOSITIVELYTOIMAGEOFTHEBRAND,WHICHMIGHTULTIMATELYLEADTOINCREASEPATRONAGETHERESEARCHERCONCLUDESTHATSPONSORSHIPOFORGANISATIONSHOWEVER,STUDIESHAVESHOWNTHATMOSTTELEVISIONVIEWERSANDRADIOLISTENERSHAVEFOUNDAWAYOFESCAPINGTHETRADITIONAL30”SPOTOR45”SPOTCOMMERCIALSONRADIOANDTELEVISIONBYCHANGINGTHECHANNELWHENANADVERTISEMENTCOMESUP,ORUSINGTHATTIMETODOOTHERTHINGSBARAN,2000234THEADVENTOFDEVICES,WHICHENABLEVIEWERSTORECORDTHEIRFAVOURITETELEVISIONPROGRAMMESTHEREBYCUTTINGOUTADVERTISEMENTSFROMIT,HASALSOMADEADVERTSNOTREACHTHEPEOPLEITWASMEANTFORONTELEVISIONTHEREHASTHEREFOREBEENANEEDFOROTHERUNCONVENTIONALMETHODSOFADVERTISING,WHICHVIEWERSCANNOTESCAPEANDWHICHWOULDHITTHEIRTARGETAUDIENCESSQUARELYONEOFTHEUNCONVENTIONALMETHODSOFADVERTISINGTHATMANYORGANISATIONSHAVEEMBRACEDISREALITYTVSHOWSMAJORBRANDSANDADVERTISERSINNIGERIAHAVETAKENADVANTAGEOFTHEINFLUXOFREALITYSHOWSANDTHEIRINCREASINGFANBASETOMEETTHEIRNEEDSFOROTHERUNCONVENTIONALMETHODSOFADVERTISINGONRADIOANDTELEVISIONTHEYHAVETAKENTOBECOMINGMAJORSPONSORSOFTHESEREALITYSHOWS,THEREBYBRINGINGTHEIRPRODUCTSDIRECTLYTOTHEIRTARGETAUDIENCEINNIGERIA,SINCETHEMAIDENEDITIONOFBIGBROTHERAFRICAIN2001,INWHICHFORTHEFIRSTTIMEANIGERIANFEATUREDINANYREALITYSHOW,REALITYTVSHOWSHAVEBECOMETHE‘NEWBIGTHING’INNIGERIAREALITYSHOWSSUCHASGULDERULTIMATESEARCHGUS,MALTINADANCEALL,ETISALAT’SNIGERIANIDOLS,GLONAIJASINGS,MTNPROJECTFAMEWESTAFRICA,THREECROWNSFAMILYGAMESHOW,PEAKTALENTHUNT,AMONGSTOTHERSHAVEFILLEDTHETELEVISIONAIRWAVESYEARLY,ORGANISATIONSSPENTSEVERALMILLIONSOFNAIRAONSPONSORSHIPOFONEREALITYTVSHOWORTHEORDERWITHTHEHOPEOFATTRACTINGTHEELUSIVECUSTOMERSTOTHEIRBRANDANDALSOPOSITIONTHEIRBRANDSINTHEMINDSHAREOFTHETARGETAUDIENCEWITHTHISHUGESPENDINGONREALITYTVSPONSORSHIP,ISTHEREANYCORRELATIONBETWEENTHESPENDINGANDBRANDPATRONAGEOFTHECOMPANY,DOESSPONSORSHIPOFREALITYTVSHOWSHAVEANYINFLUENCEONPATRONAGEOFTHEBRANDWHATISTHEINFLUENCEOFSPONSORSHIPOF

簡介：ELECTRONICSCALESELECTRONICSCALESAREWEIGHINGTECHNOLOGYINANEWTYPEOFINSTRUMENTISWIDELYUSEDINVARIOUSOCCASIONSELECTRONICSCALESANDMECHANICALSCALESHAVEMORESMALLSIZE,LIGHTWEIGHT,SIMPLESTRUCTURE,LOWPRICEANDPRACTICALVALUEOFSTRONG,CONVENIENTMAINTENANCEANDSOONCANBEINAVARIETYOFENVIRONMENTALWORK,THEWEIGHTOFTHESIGNALCANBEREMOTE,THEWEIGHTOFDISPLAYISEASYTOIMPLEMENTDIGITAL,EASYTOCOMPUTERNETWORK,PRODUCTIONAUTOMATION,HIGHERLABORPRODUCTIVITYSCALELABELSINTHESUPERMARKETISINTHEAPPLICATIONOFFACEVALUEASMALLLABELCONTAINSNAME,PRICE,WEIGHT,ETC11LISTINTHISSMALLELECTRONICLABELGREATLYACCELERATEDTHEUSEOFLABELMACHINESALESPACE,BUTALSOCONVENIENTFORCUSTOMERSTOPBARCODELABELSHAVEMANYREMARKABLEFEATURESOFSCALE,ETHERNETFEATUREMAKESTHEMANAGEMENTMORECONVENIENTELECTRONICSCALECLASSIFICATIONSCALESCANBEDIVIDEDINTOMECHANICALANDELECTRONICTYPE1．HOWITWORKSELECTRONICWORKSINELECTRONICCOMPONENTSWEIGHINGSENSOR,ADCONVERSIONCIRCUIT,MICROCONTROLLERCIRCUITS,DISPLAYCIRCUIT,KEYBOARDCIRCUITRY,COMMUNICATIONSINTERFACECIRCUITS,REGULATEDPOWERSUPPLYCIRCUITCIRCUIT2．USINGTHEFUNCTIONELECTRONICWEIGHINGTHEUSEOFMODERNSENSORTECHNOLOGY,ELECTRONICSANDCOMPUTERTECHNOLOGYINTEGRATION,ELECTRONICWEIGHINGDEVICES,INORDERTOMEETANDSOLVEREALLIFES“FAST,ACCURATE,CONTINUOUS,AUTOMATIC“WEIGHINGREQUIREMENTS,WHILEEFFECTIVELYELIMINATINGHUMANERROR,TOMAKEITMOREINLINEWITHTHEMANAGEMENTOFLEGALMETROLOGYANDINDUSTRIALPRODUCTIONPROCESSCONTROLAPPLICATIONS3THREEHEALTHSCALESAREWEIGHINGTHEUSEOFFEATURESINACATEGORYDIVIDEDINTOMECHANICALANDELECTRONIC,INEXPENSIVE,ITCANHELPPEOPLETOEFFECTIVELYMONITORTHEIROWNBODYWEIGHTCHANGES,NEWPRODUCTSALSOCANDETECTTHEIRFATCONTENT,BUTALSOSOMEHUMANORIENTEDSUBSIDIARYFUNCTIONSMAYNOTBEPARTOFMEASURINGEQUIPMENT4．ELECTRONICSCALEISAMEASUREMENTOFTHESTATECOMPULSORYTESTAPPARATUS,ANDHISQUALIFIEDPRODUCTSARETESTINDEXINGTHEVALUEOFDVALUESOFEANDSUBDIVISIONSTANDARDS,ISSUBJECTTOTHEPROTECTIONOFTHENATIONALMETROLOGYPRODUCTSINTHEELECTRONICWEIGHINGTHEREISACATEGORYCALLED“HUMANSCALE“PRODUCTS,WHICHCANTESTINTHEMEASUREMENTSECTOR,WEIGHINGVERYPRECISEBLOCKDIAGRAMINTERPRETATIONOFTHEPRINCIPLEOFELECTRONICBALANCETHEFIRSTPARTOFTHEELECTRONICSCALEPRINCIPLEBLOCKDIAGRAMPROGRAMK/BBUTTON↑FX→SENSORS→OPZOOM→A/DCONVERTER→CPU→→DISPLAYDRIVERDISPLAYMEMORYLIQUIDCRYSTALDISPLAYFREEELECTRICITY,ENERGYSAVING,WITHBACKLIGHT2LEDFREEELECTRICITY,POWERCONSUMPTION,VERYBRIGHT3LAMPELECTRICITY,POWERCONSUMPTION,HIGHK/BBUTTONTYPE1FILMBUTTONCONTACTTYPE2MECHANICALBUTTONSMADEUPOFMANYINDIVIDUALCOMBINATIONSOFKEYSTOGETHERSENSORCHARACTERISTICS1RATEDLOAD2OUTPUTSENSITIVITY3NONLINEAR4HYSTERESIS5REPEATABLE6CREEP71200OUTPUTEFFECTS8RATEDOUTPUTTEMPERATURE91200INPUT10INPUTIMPEDANCE11OUTPUTIMPEDANCE12INSULATIONRESISTANCE13TOALLOWEXCITATIONVOLTAGE518VPARTIXSENSORDAMAGEDPHENOMENON1WEIGHINGNOTALLOWED2SHOWSNORETURNTOZERO3SHOWSTHENUMBEROFBOUNCETOJUDGETHESENSORE,E,S,S1THEFIRSTTOUSERESISTANCEPROFILEMEASUREMENT4LINE22THISRESISTANCEVALUE,ATOTALOF6GROUPSTHECASEOF400450,COMPAREDWITHEUROPEE,EIFITIS350INEUROPE,COMPAREDTOS,SFORTHE290INEUROPE,COMPAREDTORARM2E,ETERMINATEDONTHE15VVOLTAGESENSORCORRECTLYTOEXERTAPRESSURE,SUCHASTHEOUTPUT_SINCREASE,THENTHEREDTABLEPENSASS,THECONTRARYS10THPARTOFTHEHIGHPRECISIONCOUNTINGSCALEFEATURES1KG/IBUNITCONVERSIONFUNCTIONS21200DISPLAYRANGEADJUSTMENTFUNCTIONGLHSERIESDOESNOT3SAMPLINGSPEEDADJUSTMENTFUNCTION4THEREARE10GROUPSMEMORYFUNCTIONSINGLET5MAYBEATTHESAMETIMETHEWEIGHT,QUANTITY,THECUMULATIVEFUNCTIONGLHONLYTHENUMBEROFCUMULATIVE6CANSETTHEWEIGHT,THEMAXIMUMAMOUNTOFWARNINGFUNCTION7AUTOMATICZEROTRACKING,TEMPERATURELINEARCORRECTION8DEDUCTIONOFWITHHOLDINGHEAVYWEIGHTANDFUNCTION9STANDBYFUNCTION10THEREISZEROSHOWSZEROTRACKINGRANGEANDSCOPE11THEREISTHEBATTERYVOLTAGECONTROLTOLIMITTHEFUNCTIONELECTRONICSCALESAREWEIGHINGTECHNOLOGYINANEWTYPEOFINSTRUMENTISWIDELYUSEDINVARIOUSOCCASIONSELECTRONICSCALESANDMECHANICALSCALESHAVEMORESMALLSIZE,LIGHTWEIGHT,SIMPLESTRUCTURE,LOWPRICEANDPRACTICALVALUEOFSTRONG,CONVENIENTMAINTENANCEANDSOONCANBEINAVARIETYOFENVIRONMENTALWORK,THEWEIGHTOFTHESIGNALCANBEREMOTE,THEWEIGHTOFDISPLAYISEASYTOIMPLEMENTDIGITAL,EASYTOCOMPUTERNETWORKING,PROCESSAUTOMATIONOFPRODUCTIONANDIMPROVELABORPRODUCTIVITYELECTRONICSCALEALSOHASANAUTOMATICZEROTRACKING,OVERLOADDISPLAYOFSELFEXTINGUISHINGCHARACTERISTICSMECHANICALSCALES,FLOORSCALE/LANDINTHEVALUECARVALUE,WEIGHBRIDGESANDOTHERFITTEDFORCESENSITIVESENSORSANDMICROCOMPUTERCONTROLLEDINTELLIGENTWEIGHINGINSTRUMENTSBECOMEINTELLIGENTDIGITALELECTRICALANDMECHANICALBALANCEORTHEMECHANICALANDELECTRICALDUALUSESCALES,TOIMPROVETHEMECHANICALBALANCEOFTHEMEASUREMENTACCURACY,WITHLOWCOST,HIGHRELIABILITY,SIMPLEINSTALLATIONANDSOON,WITHOUTPREJUDICETOTHEORIGINALMECHANICALSCALESTOANYTRANSMISSIONBEARINGSTRUCTURETHEREAREPEELED,SETTOZERO,THECUMULATIVENUMBEROFTIMES,THECUMULATIVEWEIGHTCUMULATIVEAMOUNTOFVALUATIONBASED,AUTOZEROING,AUTOTRACKINGANDOTHERFUNCTIONSWEIGHINGDATACANBEDIRECTLYPRINTEDORTRANSMITTEDVIACOMPUTERNETWORKS,INDUSTRIALPROCESSESCANIMPROVETHELEVELOFSCALEANDPRODUCTQUALITY,TRADECLEARINGWITHTHESCALECANIMPROVETHECREDIBILITYOFINCALCULABLESOCIALANDECONOMICBENEFITSELECTRONICSCALEISBASICALLYASENSOR,AMPLIFIERCIRCUIT,A/DCONVERSIONCIRCUIT,MICROCONTROLLERCONTROLOFDISPLAYPARTS,SWITCHMATRIXCIRCUIT,THEKEYBOARDCIRCUITANDPOWERCIRCUITWEIGHTSENSORSIGNALSARECONVERTEDTOACORRESPONDINGELECTRICALSIGNAL,

簡介：中文中文3162字外文翻譯部分外文翻譯部分出處出處JOURNALOFCHINAUNIVERSITYOFMININGANDTECHNOLOGY,2008,184567570英文原文MINEHOISTFAULTCONDITIONDETECTIONBASEDONTHEWAVELETPACKETTRANSFORMANDKERNELPCAABSTRACTANEWALGORITHMWASDEVELOPEDTOCORRECTLYIDENTIFYFAULTCONDITIONSANDACCURATELYMONITORFAULTDEVELOPMENTINAMINEHOISTTHENEWMETHODISBASEDONTHEWAVELETPACKETTRANSFORMWPTANDKERNELPCAKERNELPRINCIPALCOMPONENTANALYSIS,KPCAFORNONLINEARMONITORINGSYSTEMSTHEKEYTOFAULTDETECTIONISTHEEXTRACTINGOFMAINFEATURESTHEWAVELETPACKETTRANSFORMISANOVELTECHNIQUEOFSIGNALPROCESSINGTHATPOSSESSESEXCELLENTCHARACTERISTICSOFTIMEFREQUENCYLOCALIZATIONITISSUITABLEFORANALYZINGTIMEVARYINGORTRANSIENTSIGNALSKPCAMAPSTHEORIGINALINPUTFEATURESINTOAHIGHERDIMENSIONFEATURESPACETHROUGHANONLINEARMAPPINGTHEPRINCIPALCOMPONENTSARETHENFOUNDINTHEHIGHERDIMENSIONFEATURESPACETHEKPCATRANSFORMATIONWASAPPLIEDTOEXTRACTINGTHEMAINNONLINEARFEATURESFROMEXPERIMENTALFAULTFEATUREDATAAFTERWAVELETPACKETTRANSFORMATIONTHERESULTSSHOWTHATTHEPROPOSEDMETHODAFFORDSCREDIBLEFAULTDETECTIONANDIDENTIFICATIONKEYWORDSKERNELMETHODPCAKPCAFAULTCONDITIONDETECTION1INTRODUCTIONBECAUSEAMINEHOISTISAVERYCOMPLICATEDANDVARIABLESYSTEM,THEHOISTWILLINEVITABLYGENERATESOMEFAULTSDURINGLONGTERMSOFRUNNINGANDHEAVYLOADINGTHISCANLEADTOEQUIPMENTBEINGDAMAGED,TOWORKSTOPPAGE,TOREDUCEDOPERATINGEFFICIENCYANDMAYEVENPOSEATHREATTOTHESECURITYOFMINEPERSONNELTHEREFORE,21WAVELETPACKETTRANSFORMTHEWAVELETPACKETTRANSFORMWPTMETHOD3,WHICHISAGENERALIZATIONOFWAVELETDECOMPOSITION,OFFERSARICHRANGEOFPOSSIBILITIESFORSIGNALANALYSISTHEFREQUENCYBANDSOFAHOISTMOTORSIGNALASCOLLECTEDBYTHESENSORSYSTEMAREWIDETHEUSEFULINFORMATIONHIDESWITHINTHELARGEAMOUNTOFDATAINGENERAL,SOMEFREQUENCIESOFTHESIGNALAREAMPLIFIEDANDSOMEAREDEPRESSEDBYTHEINFORMATIONTHATISTOSAY,THESEBROADBANDSIGNALSCONTAINALARGEAMOUNTOFUSEFULINFORMATIONBUTTHEINFORMATIONCANNOTBEDIRECTLYOBTAINEDFROMTHEDATATHEWPTISAFINESIGNALANALYSISMETHODTHATDECOMPOSESTHESIGNALINTOMANYLAYERSANDGIVESABETTERRESOLUTIONINTHETIMEFREQUENCYDOMAINTHEUSEFULINFORMATIONWITHINTHEDIFFERENTFREQUENCYBANDSWILLBEEXPRESSEDBYDIFFERENTWAVELETCOEFFICIENTSAFTERTHEDECOMPOSITIONOFTHESIGNALTHECONCEPTOF“ENERGYINFORMATION”ISPRESENTEDTOIDENTIFYNEWINFORMATIONHIDDENTHEDATAANENERGYEIGENVECTORISTHENUSEDTOQUICKLYMINEINFORMATIONHIDINGWITHINTHELARGEAMOUNTOFDATATHEALGORITHMISSTEP1PERFORMA3LAYERWAVELETPACKETDECOMPOSITIONOFTHEECHOSIGNALSANDEXTRACTTHESIGNALCHARACTERISTICSOFTHEEIGHTFREQUENCYCOMPONENTS,FROMLOWTOHIGH,INTHE3RDLAYERSTEP2RECONSTRUCTTHECOEFFICIENTSOFTHEWAVELETPACKETDECOMPOSITIONUSE3JSJ0,1,,7TODENOTETHERECONSTRUCTEDSIGNALSOFEACHFREQUENCYBANDRANGEINTHE3RDLAYERTHETOTALSIGNALCANTHENBEDENOTEDAS（1）730JJSS???STEP3CONSTRUCTTHEFEATUREVECTORSOFTHEECHOSIGNALSOFTHEGPRWHENTHECOUPLINGELECTROMAGNETICWAVESARETRANSMITTEDUNDERGROUNDTHEYMEETVARIOUSINHOMOGENEOUSMEDIATHEENERGYDISTRIBUTINGOFTHEECHOSIGNALSINEACHFREQUENCYBANDWILLTHENBEDIFFERENTASSUMETHATTHECORRESPONDINGENERGYOF3JSJ0,1,,7CANBEREPRESENTEDAS3JEJ0,1,,7THEMAGNITUDEOFTHEDISPERSEDPOINTSOFTHERECONSTRUCTEDSIGNAL3JSISJKXJ0,1,,7K1,2,,N,WHERENISTHELENGTH

簡介：字?jǐn)?shù)英文字?jǐn)?shù)英文25242524單詞，單詞，1353613536字符；中文字符；中文43424342漢字漢字出處出處BENJAMINBENJAMINNABUTETENABUTETEABWANZOCONTENTIONABWANZOCONTENTIONWITHWITHREALITYREALITYTVTVSHOWSHOWSHOULDSHOULDREALITYREALITYTVTVEDUCATEEDUCATEASASMUCHMUCHASASENTERTAINENTERTAINCASECASESTUDYSTUDYTHETHEXFACTORJSOCIALXFACTORJSOCIALSCIENCESCIENCEELECTRONICELECTRONICPUBLISHING2016PUBLISHING2016外文文獻(xiàn)外文文獻(xiàn)CONTENTIONWITHREALITYTVSHOWSHOULDREALITYTVEDUCATEASMUCHASENTERTAINCASESTUDYTHEXFACTORABSTRACTTECHNOLOGICALADVANCESCOUPLEDWITHTHEDEVELOPMENTOFTHEICTHAVELEDTOMASSIVECHANGESINTHEMEDIASECTOR,ESPECIALLYTHETVTODAY,MEDIAPRODUCERSDEVELOPDIFFERENTSHOWSINCLUDINGDRAMA,FICTION,COMEDY,ANDREALITYTVPROGRAMTOSATISFYTHENEEDSOFTHEIRAUDIENCESRECENTLY,REALITYTVHASTAKENTHECENTRESTAGEOFMOSTDISCUSSIONS,WITHSTAKEHOLDERSTRYINGTOFINDOUTWHETHERTHESETYPEOFSHOWSCANBEUSEDFORBOTHEDUCATIONANDENTERTAINMENTTHISARTICLEEXAMINESTHISCONTENTIONUSINGTHETVSHOWXFACTORASTHEREFERENCINGPOINTTHERESULTOFLITERATUREREVIEWSHOWEDTHAT,THEORETICALLY,THEPOSSIBILITYOFUTILIZINGREALITYSHOWSTOEDUCATEANDENTERTAINEXISTSIFANEQUILIBRIUMISFOUNDBETWEENTHESETWOFACTORSEDUCATIONANDENTERTAINMENTHOWEVER,INPRACTICEITISDIFFICULTTOFINDABALANCEBETWEENEDUCATIONANDENTERTAINMENTTHISCANPARTIALLYBEATTRIBUTEDTOVIEWERSOPINIONONWHATISENTERTAINMENTANDWHATISEDUCATIONANDBECAUSETVPRODUCERSCANNOTCONTROLTHECOGNITIONANDANALYTICALSKILLSOFTHEIRVIEWERSKEYWORDSREALITYTV,COGNITIVEDEVELOPMENT,PIAGETINTRODUCTIONTODAY’SSOCIETYHASBEENCHARACTERISEDBYRAPIDADVANCESANDDEVELOPMENTOFINCLUDINGTHEUNITEDSTATES,AUSTRALIA,GERMANY,ANDUKRAINEITWASCREATEDBYSIMONCOWELLTOREPLACEANOTHERPOPULARREALITYTVSHOWCALLEDTHEPOPIDOLTHESERIES’POPULARITYHASSEENITRUNFORTWELVECONSECUTIVEYEARSINTHEUK,ANDTHEPRODUCERSAREEXPECTINGITTOCONTINUEINTHEFORESEEABLEFUTUREINTHEUKANDOTHERCOUNTRIESTHATTHEXFACTORSAIRS,THESHOWOPERATESONAVERYSIMPLEPREMISE,WHICHENTAILSAGGREGATINGMUSICIANSWITHPOTENTIALANDTRAININGTHEMTOENSURETHEYACHIEVETHEIRPOTENTIALWHILECOMPETINGWITHOTHERCONTESTANTSMERRIMAN,2015TELEGRAHREPORTER,2015THECONTESTANTSHAVETOPASSTHROUGHANAUDITIONSTAGEBEFORETHEYCANBESELECTEDTOTAKEPARTINTHECOMPETITIONAPANELOFTHREEJUDGESISUSUALLYPRESENTDURINGTHEAUDITIONSTODETERMINE,WHOAMONGTHETHOUSANDSOFAPPLICANTSWOULDMOVETOTHENEXTSTAGEOFSELECTIONKNOWNASTHEBOOTCAMPJOSHI,2015THECONTESTANTSWHOPASSTHISPHASEAREAWARDEDAPLACEINTHEXFACTORSHOW,WHERETHEYWILLDISPLAYTHEIRMUSICALTALENTSTOMILLIONSOFVIEWERSTHEPRODUCERSTHENALLOWTHETELEVISIONVIEWERSTOVOTEFORTHEIRFAVOURITECONTESTANTTHREEOFTHECONTESTANTSWITHTHELEASTVOTEAREUSUALLYINDANGEROFELIMINATIONASSUCH,THEYARESOMETIMESATRISKOFBEINGELIMINATEDTRAVIS,2015REALITYTELEVISIONTARGETAUDIENCEALTHOUGHDIFFERENTREALITYTVPROGRAMMESAREOFTENCREATEDTOTARGETDIFFERENTAUDIENCES,THEXFACTORWASINITIALLYCREATEDASBROADFAMILYFRIENDLYSERIESTHATTARGETEDTEENSANDADULTS,WHOWEREENGROSSEDINTHENOTIONOFPOPCULTUREASSUCH,THEAGEOFTHETARGETAUDIENCERANGEDBETWEENTEENSAGED16ANDHADNOUPPERAGELIMITCURRENTLY,HOWEVER,THESHOW’SPOPULARITYCOUPLEDWITHITSFAMILYFRIENDLYNATUREPROMPTEDTHEPRODUCERSTOLOWERTHEBARRIERSOFAGERESTRICTIONANDACCEPTAUDIENCESANDCONTESTANTSAGED14INSPITEOFTHEPRODUCERSANDTHETELEVISIONNETWORKSPLACINGRESTRICTIVEVIEWERSHIPAGEONTHISSHOW,THEXFACTORHASTURNEDOUTTOBEANALLINCLUSIVEFAMILYSHOW,WHICHALLFAMILYMEMBERSCANWATCHTOGET

簡介：中文中文60906090字外文翻譯外文翻譯題目題目MODELINGMODELINGANDANDSIMULATIONSIMULATIONOFOFCHAOTICCHAOTICPHENOMENAPHENOMENAININELECTRICALELECTRICALPOWERPOWERSYSTEMSSYSTEMS（電力系統(tǒng)混沌現(xiàn)象的建模與仿真）（電力系統(tǒng)混沌現(xiàn)象的建模與仿真）DEEPAKKUMARLAL,KSSWARUP學(xué)校校學(xué)生姓名名學(xué)號號班級級專業(yè)（全稱）專業(yè)（全稱）指導(dǎo)教師師說成是時間周期性的，周期T的最小這種T被稱為最小的周期。一個N階的時間周期非自治系統(tǒng)總能可以通過附加轉(zhuǎn)換為N1個順序的自治系統(tǒng)一個額外的狀態(tài)Θ2ΠT/T。23關(guān)于動力系統(tǒng)有用的事實據(jù)推測，對于任何有限T，ΦT是一個“微分同胚。此不是限制性的假設(shè)，并具有若干后果。（Ⅰ）ΦT（X）ΦT（Y），當(dāng)且僅當(dāng)XY。的。因此，軌跡自治系統(tǒng)是由它們的初始唯一指定條件。（Ⅱ）ΦT（X，TO）ΦT（Y，TO），當(dāng)且僅當(dāng)XY。這意味著，給定初始時，一個非自治系統(tǒng)的軌跡是在初始狀態(tài)唯一指定然而，如果TO≠T1時，它有可能是ΦT（X，TO）ΦT（Y，T1）和X≠Y顯示，不像自治系統(tǒng)可以相交。（Ⅲ）的軌跡相對于初始狀態(tài)的衍生物存在且非奇異。它遵循在T和TO固定，ΦT（X，TO）是連續(xù)的相對于初始狀態(tài)。24離散動力系統(tǒng)狀態(tài)模型的多變量離散時間的一般形式系統(tǒng)XK1TFXK,K0,1,2,,3其中X（KT）是狀態(tài)向量，U（KT）是輸入向量。用于分析和離散時間設(shè)計動力系統(tǒng)的Z變換是需要的。X（KT）被稱為狀態(tài)和F的狀態(tài)X（KT）映射到下一狀態(tài)等等。33非線性系統(tǒng)的穩(wěn)態(tài)行為和極限集非線性系統(tǒng)的穩(wěn)態(tài)行為和極限集穩(wěn)態(tài)是指漸近行為T→∞時。這是要求的穩(wěn)態(tài)是有界的。之間的差的溶液和其穩(wěn)態(tài)稱為瞬變。集合所有X的極限點被稱為X的集合L（X）的。極限集關(guān)閉，在溫度不變。限價集合L是吸引的，如果存在一個開放的L這種L（X）L對于所有的X∈U附近ü。吸引盆地的吸引集合LB（L）被定義為所有這樣的聯(lián)合社區(qū)U開始在B（L）每軌跡趨于L當(dāng)T→∞。在一個穩(wěn)定的線性系統(tǒng)，僅存在一個限制設(shè)置。因此，穩(wěn)態(tài)行為是獨立的初始條件，并有意義的發(fā)言正弦穩(wěn)態(tài)的，例如，在一個典型的非線性系統(tǒng)，但是，可以有幾種限制集。具體地，可以有幾個吸引極限與吸引不同盆設(shè)置每個。初始條件確定其中限制設(shè)置系統(tǒng)的最終解決3,9。與非線性系統(tǒng)相關(guān)的四個穩(wěn)態(tài)行為進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)的討論。1平衡點2定期解決方案3準(zhǔn)周期解4混沌31平衡點非線性控制系統(tǒng)的最一般的描述ISX（T）F（X（T），U（T）），其中X是狀態(tài)向量，U是控制向量。如果狀態(tài)反饋的情況下，控制變量U1，U2，U3，。。。，這個是狀態(tài)變量X的功能，表達(dá)為UU（X）。通過使用該載體的功能，一般的數(shù)學(xué)非線性控制系統(tǒng)的形式定義的所得X（T）F（X）（4）式中，F(xiàn)（X）0這是代數(shù)方程的解。非線性系統(tǒng)可能有多個平衡點，因為方程組數(shù)據(jù)X（T）F（X）通常有多種解決方案。非自治系統(tǒng)通常沒有平衡點，因為矢量場隨時間變化。一個自治系統(tǒng)的一個平衡點X是一個常數(shù)T（X）X溶液對所有的T。一個簡單的阻尼

簡介：大學(xué)畢業(yè)設(shè)計論文外文資料翻譯學(xué)院系電氣信息工程系專業(yè)電氣工程及其自動化學(xué)生姓名班級學(xué)號外文出處ANEXPERTSYSTEMFORTRANSFORMERFAULTDIAGNOSISUSINGDISSOLVEDGASANALYSISIEEETRANSACTIONSONPOWERDELIVERY,VOL8,NO1,JARIUARY1993附件1外文資料翻譯譯文；2外文原文等，被模糊模型變得合適了。由于執(zhí)行情況等的結(jié)果，不同的確定性的因素將被分配到相應(yīng)的專業(yè)知識的變量。這兩個事件驅(qū)動（向前鏈結(jié)）和目標(biāo)驅(qū)動（反向鏈）的推論是用在推理機制上，以改善推理效率。證明的可行性建議的專家系統(tǒng)，大約有數(shù)以百計的氣體的TPC的歷史紀(jì)錄，已經(jīng)經(jīng)過測試。更合適的故障類型及維修的建議，可以支持維護(hù)人員以提高變壓器的診斷的表現(xiàn)。2診斷的發(fā)展和說明像許多的診斷問題一樣，診斷油浸式電力變壓器是一個技術(shù)性的工作。變壓器可能通過外部顯示器的觀察能夠很好的工作，而一些早期的惡化，可能會在內(nèi)部出現(xiàn)一些致命的問題。據(jù)日本的經(jīng)驗，近八成的故障的結(jié)果，都是由于初期惡化導(dǎo)致的。因此，故障應(yīng)查明并避免在盡可能出現(xiàn)在早的階段，一些預(yù)測維修技術(shù)。溶解油分析是其中一個關(guān)于此問題的最熱門的技術(shù)。故障變壓器中的氣體，一般是由石油和其他絕緣材料的分解所產(chǎn)生的，例如，纖維素和紙張。理論上講，如果變壓器中出現(xiàn)故障，那么個別的溶解氣體的濃度，產(chǎn)氣率，總可燃?xì)怏w量和纖維素降解率，都是顯著增加。分析變壓器的絕緣油中的溶解氣體，它成為可行的判斷早期故障類型的方法。這項研究是用以下代表可燃?xì)怏w氫（H2），甲烷（CH），乙烷（乙烷），乙烯（乙烯），乙炔（乙炔）AND一氧化碳（CO）。許多以DGA為基礎(chǔ)的用以診斷初期惡化的方法已經(jīng)被發(fā)表出來。即使在正常的變壓器的條件下，這些氣體中的一些也可能會在內(nèi)部形成。因此，這要規(guī)范地建立一個足夠大的取樣濃度，以評估統(tǒng)計。TPC從電力變壓器調(diào)查的氣體數(shù)據(jù)用以建立其自己的準(zhǔn)則。發(fā)達(dá)國家在這方面的知識庫文件，是部分根據(jù)這些數(shù)據(jù)建成的。在另一方面，DORNERBURG制定了一個方法對濃度

簡介：畢業(yè)設(shè)計論文外文資料翻譯學(xué)院系自動化學(xué)院專業(yè)電氣工程及其自動化學(xué)生姓名班級學(xué)號外文出處SAMPLEDDATAMODELPREDICTIVECONTROLFORNONLINEARTIMEVARYINGSYSTEMSSTABILITYANDROBUSTNESSIEEETRANSACTIONSONPOWERDELIVERY,VOL8,NO1,JARIUARY1993附件1外文資料翻譯譯文；2外文原文指導(dǎo)教師評語指導(dǎo)教師簽名年月日類似的做法，可以用來推斷魯棒穩(wěn)定的貨幣政策委員會系統(tǒng)允許的不確定性。后建立的單調(diào)減少的價值功能，我們會要保證狀態(tài)的軌跡漸近辦法訂定一些載有原產(chǎn)地。但是，遇到的困難是，預(yù)測的軌跡，只有剛好與由此產(chǎn)生的軌跡在特定的抽樣INSTANTS。魯棒穩(wěn)定性能可以得到，因為我們顯示，用一種廣義的版本BARBALAT的引理。這些魯棒穩(wěn)定性結(jié)果也有效期為一個很一般類非線性時變系統(tǒng)的允許間斷的意見。最優(yōu)控制有待解決的問題與模型預(yù)測控制的戰(zhàn)略是在這里制定了非?；\統(tǒng)的受理套管制（例如，可衡量的控制職能），使更容易保證，在理論上講，存在的解決辦法。不過，某種形式的有限參數(shù)的控制功能需要/可取的解決上線的優(yōu)化問題。它可以證明即穩(wěn)定或魯棒性的結(jié)果在這里所描述的仍然有效，當(dāng)優(yōu)化進(jìn)行了有限的參數(shù)化的管制，如分段常數(shù)控制（如在13），或幫邦間斷反饋（如在9）。2采樣數(shù)據(jù)采樣數(shù)據(jù)MPCMPC的框架內(nèi)的框架內(nèi)我們會考慮一種非線性的靜態(tài)具有輸入與狀態(tài)的限制，凡變化的狀態(tài)后，時間T0，預(yù)計由以下模型。數(shù)據(jù)模型，這包括了一套包含所有可能的初始狀態(tài)在最初的時間，矢量這是狀態(tài)的測量時間，某一函數(shù)F一套的盡可能控制值。我們假設(shè)這個制度，以漸近的可控性對，并為所有我們進(jìn)一步假設(shè)函數(shù)F是連續(xù)的和局部LIPSCHITZ方面的第二個論點。

簡介：中文中文4600字文獻(xiàn)出處文獻(xiàn)出處CARDARILLIGC,PONTARELLIS,REM,ETALASELFCHECKINGREEDSOLOMONENCODERDESIGNANDANALYSISC//IEEEINTERNATIONALSYMPOSIUMONDEFECTANDFAULTTOLERANCEINVLSISYSTEMSIEEECOMPUTERSOCIETY,2005111119畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文）外文文獻(xiàn)翻譯畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文）外文文獻(xiàn)翻譯畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文）題目翻譯題目翻譯題目一種自校驗一種自校驗RSRS編碼器的分析和設(shè)計編碼器的分析和設(shè)計系電子工程電子工程專業(yè)電子信息科學(xué)與技術(shù)電子信息科學(xué)與技術(shù)姓名班級學(xué)號指導(dǎo)教師指導(dǎo)教師的器件容易受到外界的干擾而產(chǎn)生出的新現(xiàn)象。其中的一項重要因素是電磁輻射對硅器件的影響。高能粒子在穿越器件的過程中可以給器件注入電荷，這些電荷由于具有電極性而能夠到達(dá)有源器件并對它們造成影響。這些被稱為單粒子翻轉(zhuǎn)的現(xiàn)象在太空環(huán)境的應(yīng)用場合得到了極大的研究。單粒子翻轉(zhuǎn)在海洋探測和航空設(shè)備中被觀察。當(dāng)今，使用最為廣泛的糾錯碼是基于有限時域算法的RS碼。我們提出使用這種方法能在編碼方面產(chǎn)生的錯誤以使具有這種算法結(jié)構(gòu)的電路具有自我校驗功能。這種電路結(jié)構(gòu)通過FPGA實現(xiàn)，我們提出的想法通過這種電路實現(xiàn)。論文是這樣組織的第二節(jié)描述用于FPGA中的模式的故障，第三節(jié)說明了RS碼使用的背景，第四節(jié)介紹了關(guān)于RS編碼器的算術(shù)結(jié)構(gòu)的屬性。在第五節(jié)擬提出自檢RS編碼器架構(gòu)。而在第六節(jié)提出了一些面積和延遲的評估。最后，在第七節(jié)給出結(jié)論。一種基于FPGA的SRAM的單粒子翻轉(zhuǎn)的故障建模概述在本節(jié)介紹。提出錯誤的根據(jù)是最近提出的建模方法中的使用。一個典型的基于FPGA的SRAM基本組成是由一個個CLB陣列（復(fù)雜邏輯塊）。單粒子翻轉(zhuǎn)可以影響無論是FPGA或使用應(yīng)用程序的內(nèi)存的元素配置的應(yīng)用程序的使用壽命。因此，單粒子翻轉(zhuǎn)在FPGA上的影響可以劃分如下1）在寄存器單粒子翻轉(zhuǎn)2）單粒子翻轉(zhuǎn)中的LUT3）路由配置內(nèi)存單粒子翻轉(zhuǎn)在一個存儲單元CLB的單粒子翻轉(zhuǎn)可以被看作是一個位翻轉(zhuǎn)，改變了觸發(fā)器中存儲的位（從1到0或從0到1）。變化中的LUT的單粒子翻轉(zhuǎn)的功能提供了組合運作。當(dāng)存儲單元的一個單粒子翻轉(zhuǎn)的影響是由輸入信號處理所提供時LUT的單粒子翻轉(zhuǎn)是一個相反的預(yù)期。對于RAM單粒子翻轉(zhuǎn)影響的兩個方面可以表達(dá)如下1）開路缺陷2）短路缺陷在無故障情況中，配置SRAM使一些在矩陣互連，就可以使不同的CLB連接在一起。圖1是一對互連的XILINXVIRTEX結(jié)構(gòu)的FPGA的矩陣，其中兩個互連用于連接兩個鄰接CLB與系統(tǒng)的其他部分。

簡介：1中文中文51005100字出處出處IEEETRANSACTIONSONCONSUMERELECTRONICS,VOL50,NO2,MAY2004英文資料及中文翻譯THEDESIGNOFARAPIDPROTOTYPEPLATFORMFORARMBASEDEMBEDDEDSYSTEMRUIWANGANDSHIYUANYANGHARDWAREPROTOTYPEISAVITALSTEPINTHEEMBEDDEDSYSTEMDESIGNINTHISPAPER,WEDISCUSSOURDESIGNOFAFASTPROTOTYPINGPLATFORMFORARMBASEDEMBEDDEDSYSTEMS,PROVIDINGALOWCOSTSOLUTIONTOMEETTHEREQUESTOFFLEXIBILITYANDTESTABILITYINEMBEDDEDSYSTEMPROTOTYPEDEVELOPMENTITALSOENCOURAGESCONCURRENTDEVELOPMENTOFDIFFERENTPARTSOFSYSTEMHARDWAREASWELLASMODULEREUSINGTHOUGHTHEFASTPROTOTYPINGPLATFORMISDESIGNEDFORARMBASEDEMBEDDEDSYSTEM,OURIDEAISGENERALANDCANBEAPPLIEDTOEMBEDDEDSYSTEMOFOTHERTYPESIINTRODUCTIONEMBEDDEDSYSTEMSAREFOUNDEVERYWHERE,INCLUDINGINCELLULARTELEPHONES,PAGERS,VCRS,CAMCORDERS,THERMOSTATS,CURBSIDERENTALCARCHECKINDEVICES,AUTOMATEDSUPERMARKETSTOCKERS,COMPUTERIZEDINVENTORYCONTROLDEVICES,DIGITALTHERMOMETERS,TELEPHONEANSWERINGMACHINES,PRINTERS,PORTABLEVIDEOGAMES,TVSETTOPBOXESTHELISTGOESONDEMANDFOREMBEDDEDSYSTEMISLARGE,ANDISGROWINGRAPIDLYINORDERTODELIVERCORRECTTHEFIRSTTIMEPRODUCTSWITHCOMPLEXSYSTEMREQUIREMENTSANDTIMETOMARKETPRESSURE,DESIGNVERIFICATIONISVITALINTHEEMBEDDEDSYSTEMDESIGNPROCESSAPOSSIBLECHOICEFORVERIFICATIONISTOSIMULATETHESYSTEMBEINGDESIGNEDIFAHIGHLEVELMODELFORTHESYSTEMISUSED,SIMULATIONISFASTBUTMAYNOTBEACCURATEENOUGH,WITHALOWLEVELMODELTOOMUCHTIMEMAYBEREQUIREDTOACHIEVETHEDESIREDLEVELOFCONFIDENCEINTHEQUALITYOFTHEEVALUATIONSINCEDEBUGGINGOFREALSYSTEMSHASTOTAKEINTOACCOUNTTHEBEHAVIOROFTHETARGETSYSTEMASWELLASITSENVIRONMENT,RUNTIMEINFORMATIONISEXTREMELYIMPORTANTTHEREFORE,STATICANALYSISWITHSIMULATIONMETHODSISTOOSLOWANDNOTSUFFICIENTANDSIMULATIONCANNOTREVEALDEEPISSUESINREALPHYSICAL3THEIRPRODUCTSAREAIMEDATSOCSYSTEMONACHIPFUNCTIONALVERIFICATIONINSTEADOFEMBEDDEDSYSTEMDESIGNANDDEVELOPMENTINTHISPAPER,WEDISCUSSOURDESIGNOFARAPIDPROTOTYPINGPLATFORMFORARMBASEDEMBEDDEDSYSTEM,PROVIDINGALOWCOSTSOLUTIONTOMEETTHEREQUESTOFFLEXIBILITYANDTESTABILITYINEMBEDDEDSYSTEMPROTOTYPEDEVELOPMENTITALSOENCOURAGESCONCURRENTDEVELOPMENTOFDIFFERENTPARTSOFSYSTEMHARDWAREASWELLASMODULEREUSINGTHERESTOFTHEPAPERISORGANIZEDASFOLLOWSINSECTION2,WEDISCUSSTHEDETAILSOFOURRAPIDPROTOTYPINGPLATFORMSECTION3SHOWSTHEEXPERIMENTALRESULTS,FOLLOWEDBYANOVERALLCONCLUSIONINSECTION4IITHEDESIGNOFARAPIDPROTOTYPINGPLATFORMAOVERVIEWARMBASEDEMBEDDEDPROCESSORSAREWILDLYUSEDINEMBEDDEDSYSTEMSDUETOTHEIRLOWCOST,LOWPOWERCONSUMPTIONANDHIGHPERFORMANCEANARMBASEDEMBEDDEDPROCESSORISAHIGHLYINTEGRATEDSOCINCLUDINGANARMCOREWITHAVARIETYOFDIFFERENTSYSTEMPERIPHERALS5MANYARMBASEDEMBEDDEDPROCESSORS,EG68,ADOPTASIMILARARCHITECTUREASTHEONESHOWNINFIG1THEINTEGRATEDMEMORYCONTROLLERPROVIDESANEXTERNALMEMORYBUSINTERFACESUPPORTINGVARIOUSMEMORYCHIPSANDVARIOUSOPERATIONMODESSYNCHRONOUS,ASYNCHRONOUS,BURSTMODESITISALSOPOSSIBLETOCONNECTBUSEXTENDEDPERIPHERALCHIPSTOTHEMEMORYBUSTHEONCHIPPERIPHERALSMAYINCLUDEINTERRUPTCONTROLLER,OSTIMER,UART,I2C,PWM,AC97,ANDETCSOMEOFTHESEPERIPHERALSSIGNALSAREMULTIPLEXEDWITHGENERALPURPOSEDIGITALI/OPINSTOPROVIDEFLEXIBILITYTOUSERWHILEOTHERONCHIP

簡介：AFRICANJOURNALOFBUSINESSMANAGEMENTVOL35,PP200209MAY2009FACTORSFACTORSAFFECTINGAFFECTINGSTUDENTS’STUDENTS’ATTITUDEATTITUDETOWARDTOWARDONLINEONLINESHOPPINGSHOPPINGNARGESDELAFROOZ,LAILYHPAIM,SHARIFAHAZIZAHHARON,SAMSINARMSIDINANDALIKHATIBIFACULTYOFRESOURCEMANAGEMENTANDCONSUMERSTUDIES,UNIVERSITYPUTRAMALAYSIAFACULTYOFMANAGEMENT,UNIVERSITYPUTRAMALAYSIAFACULTYOFMANAGEMENT,MANAGEMENTANDSCIENCEUNIVERSITY,SHAHALAM,SELANGOR,MALAYSIAACCEPTED1APRIL,2009ABSTRACTTOENSURETHESUCCESSOFONLINEBUSINESS,ITISIMPORTANTFORTHERETAILERSTOUNDERSTANDTHEIRTARGETEDCUSTOMERSTHEAIMOFTHISSTUDYEXAMINESTHESIGNIFICANCEOFATTITUDETOWARDONLINESHOPPINGTHEOBJECTIVESOFTHESTUDYARETWOFOLDTHEFIRSTSECTIONSEEKSTODETERMINERELATIONSHIPBETWEENATTITUDETOWARDSONLINESHOPPINGWITHSHOPPINGORIENTATIONSANDPERCEIVEDBENEFITSSCALESTHESECONDSECTIONINVESTIGATESFACTORSTHATINFLUENCEPEOPLES’ATTITUDESTOWARDSONLINESHOPPINGAFIVELEVELLIKERTSCALEWASUSEDTODETERMINESTUDENTS’ATTITUDESTOWARDSONLINESHOPPINGASELFADMINISTEREDQUESTIONNAIRE,BASEDONPRIORLITERATURE,WASDEVELOPEDANDATOTALOF370POSTGRADUATESTUDENTSWERESELECTEDBYRANDOMSAMPLINGTHEREGRESSIONANALYSISDEMONSTRATEDTHEDETERMINANTSOFCONSUMERS’ATTITUDESTOWARDSONLINESHOPPINGADDITIONALLY,UTILITARIANORIENTATIONS,CONVENIENCE,PRICE,WIDERSELECTIONINFLUENCEDCONSUMERS’ATTITUDESTOWARDSONLINESHOPPINGKEYWORDSELECTRONICCOMMERCE,INTERNET,SHOPPING,CONSUMERATTITUDEINTRODUCTIONTODAYINTERNETISNOTONLYANETWORKINGMEDIA,BUTALSOASAMEANSOFTRANSACTIONFORCONSUMERSATGLOBALMARKETINTERNETUSAGEHASGROWNRAPIDLYOVERTHEPASTYEARSANDITHASBECOMECOMMONMEANSFORDELIVERINGANDTRADINGINFORMATION,SERVICESANDGOODSALBARQ,2006ACCORDINGTOACNIELSEN,MORETHAN627MILLIONPEOPLEINTHEWORLDHAVESHOPPEDONLINEACNIELSEN,2007FORRESTER2006RESEARCHESTIMATESECOMMERCEMARKETWILLREACH228BILLIONIN2007,258BILLIONIN2008AND288BILLIONIN2009BY2010ECOMMERCEWILLHAVEACCOUNTEDFOR316BILLIONINSALES,OR13OFOVERALLRETAILSALESPACIFICINDICATESTHATTHEFUTUREFORECASTFORONLINESHOPPINGINMALAYSIALOOKSBRIGHTANDPROMISINGLOUISANDLEON,1999MALAYSIAMOVEDTOWARDSADVANCEDINFORMATION,COMMUNICATIONSBASEDONTHEGROWINGTRENDOFINTERNETUSERSINTHELASTTHREEYEARSANDMULTIMEDIASERVICESMOREOVER,DUETOARAPIDRISEINTHENUMBEROFPCSINMALAYSIA,ASWELLASGROWTHINTHEPROPORTIONOFPCSHOOKEDUPTOTHEINTERNETEACHYEAR,PROVIDESGREATEROPPORTUNITIESFORMALAYSIANSTOCONDUCTBOTHBUSINESSANDSHOPONLINELEGARD,1998AMID2005SURVEYBYTHEMALAYSIANCOMMUNICATIONANDMULTIMEDIACORPORATIONMCMC,ONLY93OFINTERNETUSERSHADPURCHASEDPRODUCTSORSERVICESTHROUGHTHEINTERNETDURINGTHEPRECEDINGTHREEMONTHSMALAYSIAINTERNETSHOPPERSARERELATIVELYYOUNG,HIGHLYCONSUMERSWHOAREHEDONISTHAVEEXPERIENTIALSHOPPINGBEHAVIORHEDONISTSNOTONLYGATHERINFORMATIONTOSHOPONLINEBUTALSOSEEKFUN,EXCITEMENT,AROUSAL,JOY,FESTIVE,ESCAPISM,FANTASY,ADVENTURE,ETCMONSUWEETAL,2004THESEEXPERIENTIALSHOPPERSWANTTOBEIMMERSEDINTHEEXPERIENCERATHERTHANTOACHIEVETHEIRGOALSBYSHOPPINGONLINEWOLFINBARGERANDGILLY,2001ANDTHEIRPERCEIVEDEXPERIENCESALSODEPENDONTHEMEDIUMCHARACTERISTICSTHATINDUCEENJOYABLEEXPERIENCESSORCEETAL,2005GENERALLY,WHENHEDONISTSARESATISFIED,THEPOSSIBILITYOFIMPULSEPURCHASESANDFREQUENCYOFVISITINGTHEWEBSITEWILLINCREASETHEREFORE,THEDESIGNOFAWEBSITETOATTRACTEXPERIENTIALSHOPPERSMERITSSPECIALATTENTIONTOINSURETHECONVERSIONOFSHOPPERS’PRODUCTNAVIGATIONINTOPURCHASESCHILDERSETALHAVECONFIRMEDTHATHEDONICORIENTATIONSFORONLINESHOPPINGAREIMPORTANTPREDICTORSOFATTITUDESTOWARDONLINESHOPPINGSOMERESEARCHFINDINGSHAVESHOWNHEDONICMOTIVATIONSTOHAVEPOWERFULINFLUENCESONSHOPPINGBEHAVIORINBOTHTRADITIONALANDONLINESHOPPINGENVIRONMENTSMENONANDKAHN,2002THUS,FORSYSTEMSTHATAREHEDONICINNATURE,RESEARCHERCANEXPECTHEDONICORIENTATIONSPROVIDETOBESIGNIFICANTWITHATTITUDESTOWARDONLINESHOPPINGBASEDONTHESEARGUMENTS,WEPRESENTTHEFOLLOWINGGENERALHYPOTHESISH2THEREISPOSITIVERELATIONSHIPBETWEENHEDONICORIENTATIONANDATTITUDEATTITUDETOWARDONLINESHOPPINGATTITUDETOWARDSABEHAVIORREFERTO“THEDEGREETOWHICHAPERSONHASFAVORABLEORUNFAVORABLEEVALUATIONOFTHEBEHAVIOROFTHEQUESTION”GRANDOMANDMYKYTYN,2004ATTITUDESTOWARDONLINESHOPPINGAREDEFINEDASACONSUMER’SPOSITIVEORNEGATIVEFEELINGSRELATEDTOACCOMPLISHINGTHEPURCHASINGBEHAVIORONTHEINTERNETCHIUETAL,2005SCHLOSSER,2003A,BBUYINGTRENDSANDINTERNETADOPTIONINDICATIONSHAVEBEENSEENASTHEOVERALLELECTRONICCOMMERCEVALUEINMALAYSIARISINGFROMUS18MILLIONIN1998TOUS873MILLIONIN1999MOHDSUKIETAL,2006INORDERTOINVESTIGATECONSUMERATTITUDES,WENEEDTOKNOWWHATCHARACTERISTICSOFCONSUMERSTYPICALLYONLINESHOPPINGISANDWHATTHEIRATTITUDEINONLINESHOPPINGISINSIMPLETERMS,THISMEANSTHATTHEREISNOPOINTHAVINGANEXCELLENTPRODUCTONLINEIFTHETYPESOFCONSUMERSWHOWOULDBUYITAREUNLIKELYTOBEONLINEINASITUATIONOFAPPROPRIATEESHOPPINGENVIRONMENTIFTHEPRODUCTCHARACTERISTICSHAVEELECTRONICAPPEALANDTHECONSUMERSAREFAMILIARANDFEELCONFIDENTINBUYING,ESHOPPINGPOTENTIALMAYSTILLSUFFERFROMOTHERSETBACKSINAGREATERSENSE,THISMAYBECAUSEDBYCONSUMERS’PREFERENCETOUSETRADITIONALSHOPPINGMODESRATHERTHANSHOPPINGONLINEALTERNATIVELY,THEYMAYSWITCHFROMEVERVISITINGTHESTOREANDTHEIRSHIFTINGTENDENCYMAYULTIMATELYREDUCETHEPROFITMARGINOFTHEPHYSICALSTORESTHEREFORE,EVALUATINGATTITUDESOFTARGETCONSUMERSTOWARDSONLINESHOPPINGISCRITICALCONSEQUENTLY,THEGROUPWITH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簡介：第1頁中文4450字出處出處INDUSTRYAPPLICATIONS,IEEETRANSACTIONSON,2006,42511461154中文譯文快速交快速交直流直流PWM整流感應(yīng)發(fā)電機系統(tǒng)的高性能控制整流感應(yīng)發(fā)電機系統(tǒng)的高性能控制JYOTISASTRY,OLORUNFEMIOJO,ZHIQIAOWU摘要摘要本篇主要描述了一種快速的交直流感應(yīng)發(fā)電機整流系統(tǒng)的直流電壓調(diào)節(jié)控制方法，該整流系統(tǒng)中發(fā)電機的銅耗可減到最小。通過輸入輸出線性化的補償，使得同步參考結(jié)構(gòu)中的等價模型體線性化、解耦，達(dá)到高性能的轉(zhuǎn)速矢量控制。穩(wěn)態(tài)分解提供了發(fā)電機的操作規(guī)則，計算機仿真已證明了不同負(fù)載條件以及轉(zhuǎn)速變化下的控制策略的有效性。文章還展示了一些實驗結(jié)果。索引詞索引詞感應(yīng)發(fā)電機，交直流PWM整流器，勵磁，輸入輸出線性化，巴特沃思多項式，磁飽和Ⅰ、緒論Ⅰ、緒論越來越多的研究和實際應(yīng)用已轉(zhuǎn)移到可再生能源系統(tǒng)，例如風(fēng)能。又由于發(fā)電機具有低成本，維護(hù)費用少，結(jié)構(gòu)簡單牢固，無刷（鼠籠式）等固有的優(yōu)點，增加了感應(yīng)電機特別是發(fā)電機的使用。感應(yīng)電機的轉(zhuǎn)差率決定了它是以發(fā)電機還是電動機運轉(zhuǎn)，正的轉(zhuǎn)差率說明電機以電動機形式運轉(zhuǎn)，而負(fù)的轉(zhuǎn)差率標(biāo)志著電機工作在發(fā)電狀態(tài)。眾所周知，感應(yīng)電機可以用作自激發(fā)電機，也就是說（A）通過定子接線端三個連接電容（B）通過使用反用換流器/整流器系統(tǒng)，發(fā)電機能夠被勵磁1。在使用反用換流器/整流器系統(tǒng)的情況下，直流側(cè)的電容是否作為三相電容取決于反用換流器的開關(guān)信號，整流器的單相直流電容給感應(yīng)電機提供必需的勵磁。大量廣泛的觀察說明，過去超過25年里在自激，電壓組合建模，感應(yīng)電機的穩(wěn)態(tài)分析等不同領(lǐng)域所做的大量工作已經(jīng)被展示在2。而且，在以前的出版著作中，描述過感應(yīng)發(fā)電機整流系統(tǒng)的矢量控制。該第3頁開關(guān)作用經(jīng)連續(xù)傅立葉變換后可近似為一個平均值和一個時變值。在三角正弦PWM方式中，隨時間變化的調(diào)制信號和三角波做比較生成的信號控制開關(guān)通斷。根據(jù)直流電壓和相應(yīng)的調(diào)制指標(biāo)MQS,MDS，將（13）式轉(zhuǎn)化到同步參考坐標(biāo)系中，Q軸和D軸電壓可被表述為轉(zhuǎn)化到同步參考坐標(biāo)系下，整流器直流側(cè)的電壓等式可以描述為是整流器負(fù)載。LRⅢ、三相感應(yīng)發(fā)電機模型Ⅲ、三相感應(yīng)發(fā)電機模型除電流方向不同外，三相感應(yīng)發(fā)電機的模型方程式和感應(yīng)電動機一樣。系統(tǒng)模型如圖1展示。圖1交直流感應(yīng)發(fā)電機整流系統(tǒng)同步參考坐標(biāo)系中發(fā)電機的方程式可以表述為

簡介：外文資料原文1中文中文3825字ANEWLOWTEMPERATURESYNTHESISROUTEOFMETHANOLCATALYTICEFFECTOFTHEALCOHOLICSOLVENT1INTRODUCTIONGASPHASEMETHANOLISBEINGPRODUCEDINDUSTRIALLYBY3040MILLIONTONPERYEARAROUNDTHEWORLD,FROMCO/CO2/H2ATATEMPERATURERANGEOF523573KANDAPRESSURERANGEOF50100BAR,USINGCOPPERZINCBASEDOXIDECATALYSTUNDERTHESEEXTREMEREACTIONCONDITIONS,THEEFFICIENCYOFMETHANOLSYNTHESISISSEVERELYLIMITEDBYTHERMODYNAMICSASMETHANOLSYNTHESISISANEXTREMELYEXOTHERMICREACTION1,2FOREXAMPLE,AT573KAND50BAR,ITISCALCULATEDBYTHERMODYNAMICSTHATTHEORETICMAXIMUMONEPASSCOCONVERSIONISAROUND20FORFLOWTYPEREACTORWHENH2/CO2ALSOITISREPORTEDTHATTHEONEPASSCOCONVERSIONINTHEINDUSTRIALICIPROCESSISBETWEEN15AND25,EVENIFH2RICHGASISUSEDH2/CO5,523573K3THEREFORE,DEVELOPINGALOWTEMPERATUREPROCESSFORMETHANOLSYNTHESIS,WHICHWILLGREATLYREDUCETHEPRODUCTIONCOSTANDUTILIZETHETHERMODYNAMICADVANTAGEATLOWTEMPERATURE,ISCHALLENGINGANDIMPORTANT3IFCONVERSIONISHIGHENOUGHINMETHANOLSYNTHESIS,RECYCLINGOFTHEUNREACTEDSYNGASCANBEOMITTEDANDAIRCANBEUSEDDIRECTLYINTHEREFORMER,INSTEADOFPUREOXYGENGENERALLY,LOWTEMPERATUREMETHANOLSYNTHESISISCONDUCTEDINTHELIQUIDPHASETHEBNLMETHODFIRSTREPORTEDBYBROOKHAVENNATIONALLABORATORYBNL,USINGAVERYSTRONGBASECATALYSTMIXTUREOFNAH,ACETATE,REALIZEDTHISCONTINUOUSLIQUIDPHASESYNTHESISINASEMIBATCHREACTORAT373403KAND1050BARHOWEVER,AREMARKABLEDRAWBACKOFTHISPROCESSISTHATEVENATRACEAMOUNTOFCARBONDIOXIDEANDWATERINTHEFEEDGASORREACTIONSYSTEMWILLDEACTIVATETHESTRONGLYBASICCATALYSTSOON,4,5RESULTINGINHIGHCOSTCOMINGFROMTHECOMPLETEPURIFICATIONOFTHESYNGASFROMREFORMER,ANDREACTIVATIONOFTHEDEACTIVATEDCATALYSTTHISISTHEMAIN外文資料原文3SELECTIVITYFORMETHANOLFORMATIONATTEMPERATUREASLOWAS423443K26INTHISCOMMUNICATION,THECATALYTICPROMOTINGEFFECTSOFDIFFERENTALCOHOLSONTHESYNTHESISOFMETHANOLFROMCO/CO2/H2ONCU/ZNOCATALYSTWEREINVESTIGATEDHIGHYIELDSOFMETHANOLWEREREALIZEDWHILESOMEALCOHOLSWEREUTILIZED2EXPERIMENTALSECTIONTHECATALYSTWASPREPAREDBYTHECONVENTIONALCOPRECIPITATIONMETHODANAQUEOUSSOLUTIONCONTAININGCOPPER,ZINCNITRATESCU/ZNINMOLARRATIO1,ANDANAQUEOUSSOLUTIONOFSODIUMCARBONATEWEREADDEDSIMULTANEOUSLYWITHCONSTANTSTIRRINGTO300MLOFWATERTHEPRECIPITATIONTEMPERATUREANDPHVALUEWEREMAINTAINEDAT338KAND8385,RESPECTIVELYTHERESULTINGPRECIPITATEWASFILTRATEDANDWASHEDWITHDISTILLEDWATER,FOLLOWEDBYDRYINGAT383KFOR24HANDCALCINATIONAT623KFOR1HTHISPRECURSORWASTHENREDUCEDBYAFLOWOF5HYDROGENINNITROGENAT473KFOR13HANDSUCCESSIVELYPASSIVATEDBY2OXYGENDILUTEDBYARGONTHEBETSURFACEAREAFORTHECATALYSTWAS594M2/GTHECATALYSTHEREISDENOTEDASCU/ZNOAINTHEEXPERIMENTSUSINGREACTANTGASOFDIFFERENTCOMPOSITION,ACOMMERCIALLYAVAILABLEICICATALYSTICI512WASALSOUSEDTHROUGHTHESAMEREDUCTIONPRETREATMENT,DENOTEDHEREASCU/ZNOBTHEBETSURFACEAREAFORCU/ZNOBWAS201M2/GTOCONFIRMTHEINFLUENCEOFTHECATALYSTPASSIVATION,ATAILORMADEREACTORWHEREINSITUREDUCTIONOFTHECATALYSTBEFOREETHANOLINTRODUCTIONWASAVAILABLE,WASUSEDTOPERFORMTHECATALYSTREDUCTIONANDREACTIONBUTNODIFFERENCEINREACTIONBEHAVIORWASOBSERVEDSOUSINGPASSIVATEDCATALYSTREDUCEDSEPARATELYHADNOINFLUENCEINTHEREACTION,ACLOSEDTYPICALBATCHREACTORWITHINNERVOLUMEOF80MLANDASTIRRERWASUSEDTHESTIRRINGSPEEDOFTHEPROPELLERTYPESTIRRERWASCAREFULLYCHECKEDTOELIMINATETHEDIFFUSIONRESISTANCEBETWEENGAS,LIQUID,ANDSOLIDPHASESADESIREDAMOUNTOFSOLVENTANDCATALYSTWASADDEDINTOTHEREACTORTHENTHEREACTORWAS

簡介：翻譯部分中文譯文中壓補償電網(wǎng)發(fā)生間歇性接地故障的檢測中壓補償電網(wǎng)發(fā)生間歇性接地故障的檢測摘要摘要從波蘭中壓配電網(wǎng)獲得的經(jīng)驗表明，當(dāng)?shù)嘏袛嚅g歇性接地故障的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是不可靠的，造成這種情況的原因有兩個一是電網(wǎng)缺乏穩(wěn)定性，二是測量信號的功率總是會降到保護(hù)啟動時的功率值以下。本文提出了一種新的基于小波分析理論的自適應(yīng)算法，它可以檢測到發(fā)生間歇性接地故障時測量信號的具體動態(tài)過程。并且通過EMTP程序包產(chǎn)生的信號對該算法進(jìn)行了模擬分析。Ⅰ緒論Ⅰ緒論一般而言，波蘭的中壓配電網(wǎng)中性點是經(jīng)消弧線圈接地運行的，以此補償短路電容電流。它主要用于農(nóng)村地區(qū)，線路為架空線路。這種電網(wǎng)的特點是發(fā)生接地故障的概率很大，占了所有記錄故障的90多。由于接地點相對較高的過渡電阻，以及降水、風(fēng)力、高低溫的影響，會導(dǎo)致線路的連續(xù)性被破壞，從而導(dǎo)致接地故障的發(fā)生。這些故障的特點是使得故障檢測與定位變得困難。在討論故障類型時，下面的故障類型可能會遇到①具有高過渡電阻的電阻性故障，F(xiàn)R②互感器發(fā)生短路，③被周期性和非周期性破壞的故障。實際故障中，可能會表現(xiàn)出上面所列的其中一個或者所有的類型。本文只針對間歇性故障期間自動保護(hù)單元的運行情況進(jìn)行分析。為了評價保護(hù)的可操作性，故障時發(fā)出的測量信號的大小和類型是確定的。能夠表明網(wǎng)絡(luò)中發(fā)生間歇性接地故障的最重要的信號是零序電壓，其值通常是通過增加相電壓的瞬時值來找出。故障定位可以通過以下幾種標(biāo)準(zhǔn)來找出①零序電流，0I②零序電流和零序電壓產(chǎn)生的功率，0I0U③零序電壓和零序電流之間的相位差，④零序?qū)Ъ{，或者它的有功電導(dǎo)與無功電納。0Y0G0B然而，上述所列的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)在間歇性接地故障發(fā)生時通常是不可行的。Ⅱ網(wǎng)絡(luò)模型Ⅱ網(wǎng)絡(luò)模型為了模擬和研究間歇性接地故障中的故障現(xiàn)象，本文建立了一個典型的中壓對稱電網(wǎng)，如圖1所示。022UKS?（2）033UKS?（3）系數(shù)，，決定測量通道中處理信號的比值。1K2K3K圖2基于零序?qū)Ъ{接地故障保護(hù)的等效模型這種接地故障保護(hù)取決于零序?qū)Ъ{模塊，通過比較和信號來實現(xiàn)。這1S2S種比較發(fā)生在幅值比較模塊CA1中，保護(hù)動作的條件是≤（4）2S1S也就是說，安裝在第I條線路上的保護(hù)裝置的運行范圍是由導(dǎo)納矢量圖的末端決定的，其值滿足如下條件21000KKUIYII??（5）圖3中給出了這種保護(hù)的啟動響應(yīng)，這是一個光滑的導(dǎo)納弧線，覆蓋了所有的象限。保護(hù)運行的補充條件是要有合適的電壓零序分量，在這個解決方法里，啟動單元是幅值比較模塊CA2，它將信號和啟動信號相比較，判據(jù)如下3S4S（6）4033SUKS??其中是預(yù)定的啟動值，根據(jù)它就可以區(qū)分接地故障狀態(tài)與正常運行狀4S態(tài)。

簡介：翻譯部分中文譯文中壓補償電網(wǎng)間歇性接地故障檢測中壓補償電網(wǎng)間歇性接地故障檢測摘要摘要從波蘭中壓電力配網(wǎng)獲得的經(jīng)驗表明應(yīng)用于間歇性接地故障的故障點定位判據(jù)是不可靠的，這主要是因為不穩(wěn)定性，還有低功率水平的測量信號常常衰減到了保護(hù)動作值以下。本文提出來一種新的基于小波分析的自適應(yīng)算法，這種算法能夠動態(tài)檢測間歇性接地故障中的測量信號。本算法利用EMTP程序包產(chǎn)生的信號進(jìn)行分析驗證。1、前言、前言一般來說，波蘭的中壓配網(wǎng)采用中性點經(jīng)消弧線圈接地的方式。經(jīng)查證，農(nóng)村地區(qū)線路大部分是架空線路。這種網(wǎng)絡(luò)的特征是90％的線路故障是接地故障。這主要因為故障點較高的過渡電阻和一些天氣因素如閃電，狂風(fēng)，高溫和低溫等的影響，這些因素都將導(dǎo)致傳輸線路的老化，破裂，從而導(dǎo)致接地故障的發(fā)生。由于上述接地故障特征的干擾，使得檢測定位故障點也比較困難。主要討論如下故障類型高阻抗接地故障；FR進(jìn)線側(cè)線路短路過程中的閃落；周期的和非周期發(fā)生的故障；一個實際的故障可以表現(xiàn)出上述所有特征。本文所做的分析僅限于間歇性接地故障過程中的自動保護(hù)單元。為了評估保護(hù)的運行性能，在故障過程中測量信號的特征和等級均是被標(biāo)定了的。電網(wǎng)發(fā)生間歇性接地時最重要的信號指示是零序電壓分量，該值可以通過計算瞬時相電壓值求得。故障定位的判據(jù)如下零序電流分量，；0I零序電壓分量，零序電流分量計算所得零序功率；0U0I零序電流和零序電壓分量的相位角；零序?qū)Ъ{，或者它的實部，和虛部；0Y0G0B然而，上述判據(jù)值在間歇性接地故障發(fā)生時就不一定準(zhǔn)確了。2、網(wǎng)絡(luò)模型、網(wǎng)絡(luò)模型為了模擬和研究間歇型接地故障現(xiàn)象，本文給出了一種典型的中壓對稱網(wǎng)絡(luò)。網(wǎng)絡(luò)模型如下圖所示有效的判據(jù)是零序?qū)Ъ{，或者它的實部，和虛部0Y0G0B為了實現(xiàn)導(dǎo)納型故障保護(hù)，使用了幅值比較器（見圖2中CA1，CA2）。簡單模型中，輸入信號按照如下規(guī)則進(jìn)行比較；（1）110JSKI?；（2）220SKU?；（3）330SKU?其中，，，為測量過程中處理輸入信號的對應(yīng)系數(shù)。1K2K3K接地故障保護(hù)反應(yīng)于零序?qū)Ъ{模塊信號比較單元。比較發(fā)生在幅值比較器CA1，當(dāng)滿足下式；（4）1S2S第I條線路保護(hù)動作。這也意味著第I條線路的保護(hù)動作區(qū)域由如下導(dǎo)納向量（5）010102JIKYUK??所決定。圖3表示了這種保護(hù)的啟動響應(yīng)，它僅僅是一個普通的同樣包含復(fù)導(dǎo)納平面所有部分的譜圖。保護(hù)動作輔助部分是適當(dāng)水平的零序電壓分量。本方案中，啟動單元是比較器CA2，CA2中信號和啟動信號依據(jù)下式比較3S3S；（6）3304SKUS??其中是按照根據(jù)接地故障時和正常電網(wǎng)的不同設(shè)定的初始值。4S