簡(jiǎn)介：?jiǎn)纹瑱C(jī)復(fù)習(xí)題單片機(jī)復(fù)習(xí)題一、名詞解釋一、名詞解釋1、時(shí)序按照時(shí)間順序顯示的對(duì)象（或引腳、事件、信息）序列關(guān)系。2、指令CPU用于指揮功能部件完成某一指定動(dòng)作的指示和命令。3、變量在程序執(zhí)行過(guò)程中，數(shù)值可以發(fā)生改變的量稱為變量。4、偽指令偽指令又稱匯編系統(tǒng)控制譯碼指令或指示性指令，僅僅用于指示匯編系統(tǒng)軟件要完成的操作，故一般不產(chǎn)生機(jī)器代碼（定義字節(jié)或字的偽指令除外）。5、存儲(chǔ)種類變量在程序執(zhí)行過(guò)程中的作用范圍。變量的存儲(chǔ)種類有4種自動(dòng)、外部、靜態(tài)和寄存器。6、數(shù)據(jù)類型數(shù)據(jù)的不同格式。7、中斷計(jì)算機(jī)在運(yùn)行當(dāng)前程序的過(guò)程中，若遇緊急或突發(fā)事件，可以暫停當(dāng)前程序的運(yùn)行，轉(zhuǎn)向處理該突發(fā)事件，處理完成后再?gòu)漠?dāng)前程序的間斷處接著運(yùn)行。8、串行通信數(shù)據(jù)一位一位地按順序進(jìn)行傳送。9、波特率串行通信的數(shù)據(jù)是按位進(jìn)行傳送的，每秒傳送的二進(jìn)制數(shù)碼的位數(shù)稱為波特率。10、字節(jié)計(jì)算機(jī)數(shù)據(jù)處理的基本單位。11、分辨率DAC能夠轉(zhuǎn)換的二進(jìn)制的位數(shù)。12、三態(tài)門三態(tài)門是一種重要的總線接口電路。三態(tài)指其輸出既可以是一般二值邏輯電路的正常的高電平（邏輯1）或低電平（邏輯0），又可以保持特有的高阻抗?fàn)顟B(tài)（HIZ）。13、OC門又稱集電極開路（漏極開路）與非門門14、總線為了減少連接線，簡(jiǎn)化組成結(jié)構(gòu)，把具有共性的連線歸并成一組公共連線，就形成了總線。15、時(shí)鐘周期晶振或外加振蕩源的振蕩周期。二、填空題二、填空題1、計(jì)算機(jī)中最常用的字符信息編碼是（ASCII碼）。2、MCS51系列單片機(jī)為（8）位單片機(jī)。3、若不使用MCS51片內(nèi)存儲(chǔ)器引腳EA必須接地。4、8051內(nèi)部有（4K）ROM和（128）個(gè)字節(jié)RAM。5、堆棧的地址由（SP）內(nèi)容確定，其操作規(guī)律是“（先）進(jìn)（后）出”。6、在單片機(jī)擴(kuò)展時(shí)，（P0）口和（P2）口為地址線，（P0）口又分時(shí)作為數(shù)據(jù)線。7、在MCS51單片機(jī)中，如采用6MHZ晶振，一個(gè)機(jī)器周期為（2ΜM）。8、當(dāng)80C51的RST引腳上保持（2）個(gè)機(jī)器周期以上的高電平時(shí)，80C51即發(fā)生復(fù)位。9、當(dāng)P1口做輸入口輸入數(shù)據(jù)時(shí)，必須先向該端口的鎖存器寫入（1），否則輸入數(shù)據(jù)可能出錯(cuò)。10、若某存儲(chǔ)芯片地址線為12根,那么它的存儲(chǔ)容量為4KB。11、程序狀態(tài)寄存器PSW的作用是用來(lái)保存程序運(yùn)行過(guò)程中的各種狀態(tài)信息。其中CY為（進(jìn)位）標(biāo)志，當(dāng)進(jìn)行（位）操作時(shí)作為位累加器。OV為（溢出）標(biāo)志，用于有符號(hào)數(shù)的加（減）運(yùn)算。12、消除鍵盤抖動(dòng)常用兩種方法，一是采用硬件去抖電路，用基本RS觸發(fā)器構(gòu)成；二是采用軟件31、MCS51單片機(jī)訪問(wèn)外部存儲(chǔ)器時(shí)，利用（ALE）信號(hào)鎖存來(lái)自（P0）口的低8位地址信號(hào)。32、MCS51單片機(jī)中有2個(gè)16位的定時(shí)/計(jì)數(shù)器，可以被設(shè)定的工作方式有（四）種。33．當(dāng)定時(shí)器T0計(jì)數(shù)計(jì)滿時(shí)，由硬件電路使（溢出標(biāo)志TF0）置位；最后再由硬件電路使（該位TF0自動(dòng)）復(fù)位。34．C51中的任何程序總是由三種基本結(jié)構(gòu)組成（順序）、（分支）、（循環(huán)）。35．MCS51單片機(jī)擴(kuò)展程序存儲(chǔ)器所用的讀信號(hào)為（/PSEN），擴(kuò)展數(shù)據(jù)存儲(chǔ)器所用的控制信號(hào)為（/RD）和（/WR）。36．當(dāng)定時(shí)器TO工作在方式3時(shí),要占定時(shí)器T1的（TR1）和（TF1）兩個(gè)控制位37．MCS51串行接口有（4）種工作方式，這可在初始化程序中用軟件設(shè)置特殊功能寄存器（SCON）來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)。38．在串行通信中,根據(jù)數(shù)據(jù)傳送方向分為（單工）、（半雙工）和（全雙工）三種方式39．中斷請(qǐng)求信號(hào)有（電平觸發(fā)）和（邊沿觸發(fā)）兩種觸發(fā)方式。40．C51的串行口控制寄存器中有2個(gè)中斷標(biāo)志位，它們是（TI）和（RI）。41．鍵盤的結(jié)構(gòu)形式一般有兩種（獨(dú)立式鍵盤）和（矩陣式鍵盤）。42單片機(jī)與普通計(jì)算機(jī)的不同之處在于其將CPU、存儲(chǔ)器和輸入/輸出接口等部分集成在一塊芯片之內(nèi)。43串行通信按信息的格式可分為異步通信和同步通信兩種方式。44D/A轉(zhuǎn)換器實(shí)現(xiàn)數(shù)字量轉(zhuǎn)換成模擬量45A/D轉(zhuǎn)換器實(shí)現(xiàn)模擬量轉(zhuǎn)換成數(shù)字量46、特殊功能寄存器DPTR是由DPH存放高位字節(jié)數(shù)據(jù)、DPL存放低位字節(jié)數(shù)據(jù)兩個(gè)寄存器組成。47、假設(shè)某CPU含有16根地址線，8根數(shù)據(jù)線，則該CPU最多尋址能力是8KB。48、設(shè)X5AH，Y36H，則X與Y“或”運(yùn)算為___7EH____，X與Y的“異或”運(yùn)算為___6CH____。49、若機(jī)器的字長(zhǎng)為8位，X17，Y35，則X＋Y__110100_____，X－Y_11101110_____50、8051單片機(jī)的存儲(chǔ)器的最大特點(diǎn)是內(nèi)部RAM與外部RAM分開編址。51、一個(gè)函數(shù)由兩部分組成，即說(shuō)明部分和語(yǔ)句部分。52、C語(yǔ)言中輸入和輸出操作是由庫(kù)函數(shù)SCANF和PRINTF等函數(shù)來(lái)完成。53、MCS51有4組工作寄存器，它們的地址范圍是00H1FH。54、C51的基本單位是函數(shù)。一個(gè)C51源程序至少包含一個(gè)主函數(shù)，也可以是一個(gè)主函數(shù)和若干個(gè)其它函數(shù)。55、變量的基本屬性是變量名和變量值。三、單項(xiàng)選擇題三、單項(xiàng)選擇題1、在單片機(jī)中，通常將一些中間計(jì)算結(jié)果放在（A）中。A、累加器B、控制器C、程序存儲(chǔ)器D、數(shù)據(jù)存儲(chǔ)器2、單片機(jī)8051的XTAL1和XTAL2引腳是（D）引腳。

簡(jiǎn)介：課程設(shè)計(jì)報(bào)告課程名稱課程名稱C語(yǔ)言課程設(shè)計(jì)語(yǔ)言課程設(shè)計(jì)課題名稱課題名稱飛機(jī)訂票系統(tǒng)飛機(jī)訂票系統(tǒng)專業(yè)電子信息工程電子信息工程一、設(shè)計(jì)內(nèi)容與設(shè)計(jì)要求1．設(shè)計(jì)內(nèi)容見附錄2．設(shè)計(jì)要求1）．設(shè)計(jì)正確，方案合理。2）．界面友好，使用方便。3）．程序精煉，結(jié)構(gòu)清晰。4）．設(shè)計(jì)報(bào)告5000字以上，含程序設(shè)計(jì)說(shuō)明，用戶使用說(shuō)明，源程序清單及程序框圖。5）．上機(jī)演示。二、進(jìn)度安排第一周星期五課題分配，查閱資料第二周星期日總體設(shè)計(jì)，詳細(xì)設(shè)計(jì)星期二編程，上機(jī)調(diào)試、修改程序星期四編程，上機(jī)調(diào)試、修改程序星期五答辯撰寫課程設(shè)計(jì)報(bào)告附課程設(shè)計(jì)報(bào)告裝訂順序封面、任務(wù)書、目錄、正文、評(píng)分、附件（A4大小的圖紙及程序清單）。正文的格式一級(jí)標(biāo)題用3號(hào)黑體,二級(jí)標(biāo)題用四號(hào)宋體加粗,正文用小四號(hào)宋體行距為22。正文的內(nèi)容一、課題的主要功能；二、課題的功能模塊的劃分（要求畫出模塊圖）；三、主要功能的實(shí)現(xiàn)（至少要有一個(gè)主要模塊的流程圖）；四、程序調(diào)試；五、總結(jié)；六、附件（所有程序的原代碼，要求對(duì)程序?qū)懗霰匾淖⑨專?。正文總字?jǐn)?shù)要求在5000字以上（不含程序原代碼）。

簡(jiǎn)介：畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論計(jì)（論文）文）英文翻譯學(xué)院院信息技術(shù)學(xué)院專業(yè)業(yè)計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)與技術(shù)學(xué)生姓名王佩學(xué)號(hào)0506120502題目基于WEB的網(wǎng)絡(luò)商品銷售系統(tǒng)指導(dǎo)教師張漪日期2009年2月27日MICROSOFTINTERNETINFORMATIONSERVERVERSION30/40ONWINDOWSNTSERVERMICROSOFTPEERWEBSERVICESVERSION30ONWINDOWSNTWORKSTATIONMICROSOFTPERSONALWEBSERVERONWINDOWS95/98正如前文所述，與一般的程序不同，ASP程序無(wú)須編譯，ASP程序的控制部份，是使用VBSCRIPT、JSCRIPT等腳本語(yǔ)言來(lái)設(shè)計(jì)的，當(dāng)執(zhí)行ASP程序時(shí)，腳本程序?qū)⒁徽酌畎l(fā)送給腳本解釋器即腳本引擎，由腳本解釋器進(jìn)行翻譯并將其轉(zhuǎn)換成服務(wù)器所能執(zhí)行的命令。當(dāng)然，同其他編程語(yǔ)言一樣，ASP程序的編寫也遵循一定的規(guī)則，如果你想使用你所喜愛(ài)的腳本語(yǔ)言編寫ASP程序，那么你的服務(wù)器上必須要有能解釋這種腳本語(yǔ)言的腳本解釋器。當(dāng)你安裝ASP時(shí)，系統(tǒng)提供了兩種腳本語(yǔ)言VBSRCIPT和JSCRIPT，而VBSCRIPT則被作為系統(tǒng)默認(rèn)的腳本語(yǔ)言。你也可以根據(jù)自己的喜好改變系統(tǒng)默認(rèn)的腳本語(yǔ)言。ASP本身并不是一種腳本語(yǔ)言，它只是提供了一種使鑲嵌在HTML頁(yè)面中的腳本程序得以運(yùn)行的環(huán)境。但是，要學(xué)好ASP又必須掌握它的語(yǔ)法和規(guī)則?，F(xiàn)在就讓我們開始一步一步地認(rèn)識(shí)并學(xué)習(xí)ACTIVESERVERPAGES。ASP程序其實(shí)是以擴(kuò)展名為ASP的純文本形式存在于WEB服務(wù)器上的，你可以用任何文本編輯器打開它，ASP程序中可以包含純文本、HTML標(biāo)記以及腳本命令。你只需將ASP程序放在WEB服務(wù)器的虛擬目錄下（該目錄必須要有可執(zhí)行權(quán)限），就可以通過(guò)WWW的方式訪問(wèn)ASP程序了。要學(xué)好ASP程序的設(shè)計(jì)，必須掌握腳本的編寫，那么究竟什么是腳本呢其實(shí)腳本是由一系列的腳本命令所組成的，如同一般的程序，腳本可以將一個(gè)值賦給一個(gè)變量，可以命令WEB服務(wù)器發(fā)送一個(gè)值到客戶瀏覽器，還可以將一系列命令定義成一個(gè)過(guò)程。要編寫腳本，你必須要熟悉至少一門腳本語(yǔ)言，如VBSCRIPT。腳本語(yǔ)言是一種介乎于HTML和諸如JAVA、VISUALBASIC、C等編程語(yǔ)言之間的一種特殊的語(yǔ)言，盡管它更接近后者，但它卻不具有編程語(yǔ)言復(fù)雜、嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)恼Z(yǔ)法和規(guī)則。如前所述ASP所提供的腳本運(yùn)行環(huán)境可支持多種腳本語(yǔ)言，譬如JSCRIPT、REXX、PERL等等，這無(wú)疑給ASP程序設(shè)計(jì)者提供了廣泛的發(fā)揮余地。ASP的出現(xiàn)使得廣大WEB設(shè)計(jì)者不必在為客戶瀏覽器是否支持而擔(dān)心，實(shí)際上就算你在同一個(gè)ASP文件中使用不同的腳本語(yǔ)言，你都無(wú)須為此擔(dān)憂，因?yàn)樗械囊磺卸紝⒃诜?wù)器端進(jìn)行，客戶瀏覽器得到的只是一個(gè)程序執(zhí)行的結(jié)果，而你也只需在ASP中聲明使用不同的腳本語(yǔ)言即可。下面是一個(gè)典型的在同一ASP文件中使用兩種腳本語(yǔ)言的例子

簡(jiǎn)介：1外文原文ANINTRODUCTIONTOJAVAPROGRAMMINGWHATISJAVAJAVAISANOBJECTORIENTEDPROGRAMMINGLANGUAGEDEVELOPEDBYSUNMICROSYSTEMS,ACOMPANYBESTKNOWNFORITSHIGHENDUNIXWORKSTATIONSMODELEDAFTERC,THEJAVALANGUAGEWASDESIGNEDTOBESMALL,SIMPLE,ANDPORTABLEACROSSPLATFORMSANDOPERATINGSYSTEMS,BOTHATTHESOURCEANDATTHEBINARYLEVELMOREABOUTTHISLATERJAVAISOFTENMENTIONEDINTHESAMEBREATHASHOTJAVA,AWORLDWIDEWEBBROWSERFROMSUNLIKENETSCAPEORMOSAICSEEFIGURE11WHATMAKESHOTJAVADIFFERENTFROMMOSTOTHERBROWSERSISTHAT,INADDITIONTOALLITSBASICWEBFEATURES,ITCANALSODOWNLOADANDPLAYAPPLETSONTHEREADER’SSYSTEMAPPLETSAPPEARINAWEBPAGEMUCHINTHESAMEWAYASIMAGESDO,BUTUNLIKEIMAGES,APPLETSAREDYNAMICANDINTERACTIVEAPPLETSCANBEUSEDTOCREATEANIMATIONS,FIGURES,ORAREASTHATCANRESPONDTOINPUTFROMTHEREADER,GAMES,OROTHERINTERACTIVEEFFECTSONTHESAMEWEBPAGESAMONGTHETEXTANDGRAPHICSALTHOUGHHOTJAVAWASTHEFIRSTWORLDWIDEWEBBROWSERTOBEABLETOPLAYJAVAAPPLETS,JAVASUPPORTISRAPIDLYBECOMINGAVAILABLEINOTHERBROWSERSNETSCAPE20PROVIDESSUPPORTFORJAVAAPPLETS,ANDOTHERBROWSERDEVELOPERSHAVEALSOANNOUNCEDSUPPORTFORJAVAINFORTHCOMINGPRODUCTSJAVA’SPAST,PRESENT,ANDFUTURETHEJAVALANGUAGEWASDEVELOPEDATSUNMICROSYSTEMSIN1991ASPARTOFARESEARCHPROJECTTODEVELOPSOFTWAREFORCONSUMERELECTRONICSDEVICESTELEVISIONSETS,VCRS,TOASTERS,ANDTHEOTHERSORTSOFMACHINESYOUCANBUYATANYDEPARTMENTSTOREJAVA’SGOALSATTHATTIMEWERETOBESMALL,FAST,EFFICIENT,ANDEASILYPORTABLETOAWIDERANGEOFHARDWAREDEVICESITISTHOSESAMEGOALSTHATMADEJAVAANIDEALLANGUAGEFORDISTRIBUTINGEXECUTABLEPROGRAMSVIATHEWORLDWIDEWEB,ANDALSOAGENERALPURPOSEPROGRAMMINGLANGUAGEFORDEVELOPINGPROGRAMSTHATAREEASILYUSABLEANDPORTABLEACROSSDIFFERENTPLATFORMSTHEJAVALANGUAGEWASUSEDINSEVERALPROJECTSWITHINSUN,BUTDIDNOTGETVERYMUCHCOMMERCIALATTENTIONUNTILITWASPAIREDWITHHOTJAVAHOTJAVAWASWRITTENIN1994INAMATTEROFMONTHS,BOTHASAVEHICLEFORDOWNLOADINGANDRUNNINGAPPLETSANDALSOASANEXAMPLEOFTHESORTOFCOMPLEXAPPLICATIONTHATCANBEWRITTENINJAVAATTHETIMETHISBOOKISBEINGWRITTEN,SUNHASRELEASEDTHEBETAVERSIONOFTHEJAVA3PLATFORMINDEPENDENCEISONEOFTHEMOSTSIGNIFICANTADVANTAGESTHATJAVAHASOVEROTHERPROGRAMMINGLANGUAGES,PARTICULARLYFORSYSTEMSTHATNEEDTOWORKONMANYDIFFERENTPLATFORMSJAVAISPLATFORMINDEPENDENTATBOTHTHESOURCEANDTHEBINARYLEVELNEWTERMPLATFORMINDEPENDENCEISAPROGRAM’SCAPABILITYOFMOVINGEASILYFROMONECOMPUTERSYSTEMTOANOTHERATTHESOURCELEVEL,JAVA’SPRIMITIVEDATATYPESHAVECONSISTENTSIZESACROSSALLDEVELOPMENTPLATFORMSJAVA’SFOUNDATIONCLASSLIBRARIESMAKEITEASYTOWRITECODETHATCANBEMOVEDFROMPLATFORMTOPLATFORMWITHOUTTHENEEDTOREWRITEITTOWORKWITHTHATPLATFORMPLATFORMINDEPENDENCEDOESN’TSTOPATTHESOURCELEVEL,HOWEVERJAVABINARYFILESAREALSOPLATFORMINDEPENDENTANDCANRUNONMULTIPLEPROBLEMSWITHOUTTHENEEDTORECOMPILETHESOURCEHOWDOESTHISWORKJAVABINARYFILESAREACTUALLYINAFORMCALLEDBYTECODESNEWTERMBYTECODESAREASETOFINSTRUCTIONSTHATLOOKSALOTLIKESOMEMACHINECODES,BUTTHATISNOTSPECIFICTOANYONEPROCESSORNORMALLY,WHENYOUCOMPILEAPROGRAMWRITTENINCORINMOSTOTHERLANGUAGES,THECOMPILERTRANSLATESYOURPROGRAMINTOMACHINECODESORPROCESSORINSTRUCTIONSTHOSEINSTRUCTIONSARESPECIFICTOTHEPROCESSORYOURCOMPUTERISRUNNINGSO,FOREXAMPLE,IFYOUCOMPILEYOURCODEONAPENTIUMSYSTEM,THERESULTINGPROGRAMWILLRUNONLYONOTHERPENTIUMSYSTEMSIFYOUWANTTOUSETHESAMEPROGRAMONANOTHERSYSTEM,YOUHAVETOGOBACKTOYOURORIGINALSOURCE,GETACOMPILERFORTHATSYSTEM,ANDRECOMPILEYOURCODEFIGURE12SHOWSTHERESULTOFTHISSYSTEMMULTIPLEEXECUTABLEPROGRAMSFORMULTIPLESYSTEMSTHINGSAREDIFFERENTWHENYOUWRITECODEINJAVATHEJAVADEVELOPMENTENVIRONMENTHASTWOPARTSAJAVACOMPILERANDAJAVAINTERPRETERTHEJAVACOMPILERTAKESYOURJAVAPROGRAMANDINSTEADOFGENERATINGMACHINECODESFROMYOURSOURCEFILES,ITGENERATESBYTECODESJAVAISOBJECTORIENTEDTOSOME,OBJECTORIENTEDPROGRAMMINGOOPTECHNIQUEISMERELYAWAYOFORGANIZINGPROGRAMS,ANDITCANBEACCOMPLISHEDUSINGANYLANGUAGEWORKINGWITHAREALOBJECTORIENTEDLANGUAGEANDPROGRAMMINGENVIRONMENT,HOWEVER,ENABLESYOUTOTAKEFULLADVANTAGEOFOBJECTORIENTEDMETHODOLOGYANDITSCAPABILITIESOFCREATINGFLEXIBLE,MODULARPROGRAMSANDREUSINGCODEMANYOFJAVA’SOBJECTORIENTEDCONCEPTSAREINHERITEDFROMC,THELANGUAGEONWHICHITISBASED,BUTITBORROWSMANYCONCEPTSFROMOTHEROBJECTORIENTEDLANGUAGESASWELLLIKEMOSTOBJECTORIENTEDPROGRAMMINGLANGUAGES,JAVAINCLUDESASETOFCLASSLIBRARIESTHATPROVIDEBASICDATATYPES,SYSTEMINPUTANDOUTPUTCAPABILITIES,ANDOTHERUTILITYFUNCTIONSTHESEBASICCLASSESAREPARTOFTHEJAVADEVELOPMENTKIT,WHICHALSOHASCLASSESTOSUPPORTNETWORKING,COMMONINTERNETPROTOCOLS,ANDUSERINTERFACETOOLKITFUNCTIONSBECAUSETHESECLASSLIBRARIESAREWRITTENIN

簡(jiǎn)介：第1頁(yè)共8頁(yè)中文2670字基于ST語(yǔ)言（結(jié)構(gòu)化文本語(yǔ)言）可編程控制器組態(tài)控制和編程經(jīng)驗(yàn)作者GKARMAKAR,ASHUTOSHKABRA,JOSEJOSEPH,BBBISWAS,RKPATIL反應(yīng)器控制部分巴哈馬原子能研究中心摘要摘要本文的主要內(nèi)容為在可編程控制器的配置過(guò)程中，根據(jù)運(yùn)行過(guò)程中的配置情況進(jìn)行程序代碼編寫，并且將實(shí)時(shí)操作系統(tǒng)抽象的嵌入PLC硬件之中，從而實(shí)現(xiàn)一個(gè)典型的控制邏輯應(yīng)用，在此過(guò)程中我們使用的是IEC611313標(biāo)準(zhǔn)ST語(yǔ)言。關(guān)鍵詞關(guān)鍵詞PLC，ST語(yǔ)言，POU（程序組織單元），配置，資源，程序，功能11引言引言可編程控制器是大多數(shù)控制項(xiàng)目的骨干，例如發(fā)電，鋼鐵生產(chǎn)，化工，石油化工，核電站等各行業(yè)。一個(gè)可編程控制器（PLC）是一種工業(yè)計(jì)算機(jī)控制系統(tǒng)，它能連續(xù)監(jiān)測(cè)設(shè)備的輸入狀態(tài)，并且根據(jù)某種程序來(lái)控制輸出設(shè)備的狀態(tài)。針對(duì)生產(chǎn)過(guò)程中的輸入條件是一段時(shí)間，要求可編程控制器的輸出結(jié)果應(yīng)該為一個(gè)實(shí)時(shí)的系統(tǒng)。在過(guò)去，許多PLC生產(chǎn)廠商使用自己的編程語(yǔ)言，這些語(yǔ)言與他人是不兼容的。為了提高不同產(chǎn)品之間重用組件的兼容性和互操作性，國(guó)際電工委員會(huì)61131標(biāo)準(zhǔn)針對(duì)主要不同引入統(tǒng)一的做法。IEC61131標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的第三部分規(guī)定了統(tǒng)一的基于可編程控制器的編程語(yǔ)言套件的語(yǔ)法和語(yǔ)義。在本文中，我們描述了一個(gè)運(yùn)用PLC的典型控制邏輯應(yīng)用，包括實(shí)時(shí)的程序?qū)懭?，?shí)時(shí)的代碼生成配置，和PLC硬件部分的實(shí)時(shí)操作系統(tǒng)嵌入，在此過(guò)程中我們運(yùn)用的是ST編程語(yǔ)言。22研究范例研究范例21案例定義一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的應(yīng)用案例,控制一個(gè)水泵P1和排放閥V1并且根據(jù)要求向指定設(shè)備（例如一個(gè)SCADA站）發(fā)送信息。使用要求使用要求1讀取以下內(nèi)容的輸入情況。A）P1的啟動(dòng)按鈕的狀態(tài)（離散輸入）B）P1的停止按鈕的狀態(tài)（離散輸入）第3頁(yè)共8頁(yè)所示。圖41基于IEC611313標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的軟件體系結(jié)構(gòu)41組態(tài)，資源，任務(wù)在最高的等級(jí)中，針對(duì)一個(gè)特定問(wèn)題的控制軟件是包含在一個(gè)組態(tài)系統(tǒng)中，他把PLC系統(tǒng)所利用的所有資源組織在一起，并提供他們之間交換數(shù)據(jù)的協(xié)議。資源就是其中的處理設(shè)施，能夠執(zhí)行IEC方案，它的定義為，向PLC系統(tǒng)的物理資源進(jìn)行任務(wù)分配。一個(gè)組態(tài)中可以有一個(gè)或多個(gè)資源。組態(tài)和資源不會(huì)像程序組織單元那樣包含相互指示，但僅僅定義它們的元素之間的關(guān)系。任務(wù)是定義為一個(gè)能夠援引的執(zhí)行控制單元，他可能發(fā)生在一個(gè)定期時(shí)間段，或者時(shí)間段之后，或者某個(gè)變量的上升沿。執(zhí)行某個(gè)組織單位的方案，其中包括程序集和功能模塊。像其他PLC應(yīng)用方案一樣，我們需要定義復(fù)合要求的I/O硬件設(shè)備和他的類型，對(duì)于我們研究的案例，包括一個(gè)數(shù)字輸入卡，一個(gè)數(shù)字輸出卡和一個(gè)模擬輸入卡。配置ST程序如下組態(tài)過(guò)程控制程序組態(tài)元素組態(tài)資源任務(wù)/運(yùn)行時(shí)程序程序功能模塊功能模塊功能模塊功能功能

簡(jiǎn)介：中文中文4300字畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）譯文題目基于C語(yǔ)言的MIS程序庫(kù)設(shè)計(jì)學(xué)生姓名學(xué)號(hào)專業(yè)物聯(lián)網(wǎng)班級(jí)指導(dǎo)教師評(píng)閱教師完成日期2014年12月20日第2頁(yè)共10頁(yè)統(tǒng)、DBMS和大多數(shù)的系統(tǒng)軟件，都是用C語(yǔ)言設(shè)計(jì)的。通過(guò)C語(yǔ)言設(shè)計(jì)的應(yīng)用軟件，有著大量的成功案例。這證明C語(yǔ)言對(duì)于開發(fā)像MIS這樣的應(yīng)用系統(tǒng)，也是一種合適而且強(qiáng)大的程序語(yǔ)言。事實(shí)上，通過(guò)精心選擇常用功能，以及編程使他們形成一個(gè)庫(kù)，用C語(yǔ)言設(shè)計(jì)一個(gè)MIS的有效性也能得到顯著提高。本文提到的WEB編程庫(kù)是一個(gè)很好的例子，該庫(kù)的優(yōu)點(diǎn)如下?！窬W(wǎng)頁(yè)編程功能。設(shè)計(jì)一個(gè)基于MIS的網(wǎng)頁(yè)，網(wǎng)頁(yè)編程是一項(xiàng)基本的要求。因此這類功能將無(wú)疑使程序員設(shè)計(jì)起來(lái)更為方便。這部分是庫(kù)的主要組成部分，它包括設(shè)置頁(yè)面風(fēng)格，顯示頁(yè)面標(biāo)題，顯示頁(yè)頭，顯示頁(yè)尾等?！癜踩卿浌δ?。對(duì)于現(xiàn)今的MIS系統(tǒng)，登錄系統(tǒng)是必不可少的部分，而且系統(tǒng)的安全性必須得到保證。該功能組將提供一些有用的功能，例如CAPTCHA功能，登錄功能，COOKIE處理功能，郵件功能，密碼修改功能，和密碼獲取功能等，從而簡(jiǎn)化了安全登錄系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)?！駥?shí)用功能。能夠提供一些常用的工具，如計(jì)數(shù)器、迷你日歷、加密和編碼功能等。這將給程序員在開發(fā)中帶來(lái)一些幫助?！馛語(yǔ)言中的所有設(shè)計(jì)。通過(guò)使用C語(yǔ)言作為開發(fā)語(yǔ)言，在運(yùn)行MIS的時(shí)候，只需要二進(jìn)制對(duì)象代碼即可。這無(wú)疑增加了安全性、可靠性、可擴(kuò)展性和運(yùn)行效率。本文介紹了基于C語(yǔ)言的MIS程序庫(kù)，在設(shè)計(jì)和實(shí)施過(guò)程中的一些技術(shù)細(xì)節(jié)。包括網(wǎng)頁(yè)編程功能，安全登錄功能和實(shí)用功能，并提供了一個(gè)詳細(xì)的演示，來(lái)展現(xiàn)庫(kù)的使用和效果。IIII網(wǎng)頁(yè)創(chuàng)作功能網(wǎng)頁(yè)創(chuàng)作功能在WEB服務(wù)器和CGI程序之間的核心業(yè)務(wù)，是通過(guò)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)輸入和輸出對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行翻譯。通過(guò)CGI程序形成一個(gè)網(wǎng)頁(yè)，發(fā)送網(wǎng)頁(yè)內(nèi)容到服務(wù)器的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)輸出是一個(gè)必要的工作。由于這個(gè)頁(yè)面實(shí)際上是一個(gè)HTML文檔，標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的格式化輸出功能PRINTF就可以完成這個(gè)任務(wù)。根據(jù)CGL說(shuō)明5中，通過(guò)CGL形成的頁(yè)面，必須由兩部分組成，頁(yè)頭和主體，其中頁(yè)頭用于發(fā)送屬性信息，而主體則是通過(guò)服務(wù)器提供給客戶端實(shí)體。這兩個(gè)部分通過(guò)一個(gè)空行分開。

簡(jiǎn)介：PLCCONFIGURATIONANDPROGRAMMINGEXPERIENCEUSINGSTLANGUAGEGKARMAKAR1,ASHUTOSHKABRA,JOSEJOSEPH2,BBBISWAS,RKPATILREACTORCONTROLDIVISIONBHABHAATOMICRESEARCHCENTREMUMBAI–4000851GKARMA,2JJOSEPH}BARCGOVINABSTRACTTHISPAPERATTEMPTSAJOURNEYRIGHTFROMCONFIGURINGAPLC,WRITINGAPPLICATIONPROGRAMTOCODEGENERATIONALONGWITHRUNTIMECONFIGURATIONSANDRTOSABSTRACTIONFOREMBEDDINGITINTOPLCHARDWAREUSINGATYPICALCONTROLLOGICAPPLICATIONTHEIEC611313STLANGUAGEHASBEENUSEDASVEHICLEFORTHISTOURKEYWORDSPLC,ST,POU,CONFIGURATION,RESOURCE,PROGRAM,FB,FUNCTIONIINTRODUCTIONPROGRAMMABLECONTROLLERSPLCARETHEBACKBONEOFMOSTAUTOMATIONPROJECTSPLCSAREUSEDFORCONTROLLINGPURPOSESINVARIOUSINDUSTRIESLIKEPOWERGENERATION,STEELPRODUCTION,CHEMICAL,PETROCHEMICAL,NUCLEARPOWERPLANTSETCAPROGRAMMABLECONTROLLERPLCISANINDUSTRIALCOMPUTERCONTROLSYSTEMTHATCONTINUOUSLYMONITORSTHESTATEOFINPUTDEVICESANDMAKESDECISIONSBASEDUPONAPROGRAMTOCONTROLTHESTATEOFOUTPUTDEVICESPLCISANEXAMPLEOFAREALTIMESYSTEMSINCEOUTPUTRESULTSMUSTBEPRODUCEDINRESPONSETOINPUTCONDITIONSWITHINABOUNDEDTIMEINTHEPASTMANYVENDORSFORPLCSYSTEMSUSEDTHEIROWNPROGRAMMINGLANGUAGESWHICHWEREINCOMPATIBLEWITHOTHERSTOENHANCEREUSINGOFCOMPONENTS,COMPATIBILITYANDINTEROPERABILITYAMONGDIFFERENTPRODUCT,THEIEC61131STANDARDWASINTRODUCEDTOUNIFYTHEMAINDIFFERENTAPPROACHESTHIRDPARTOFIEC61131STANDARDSPECIFIESTHESYNTAXANDSEMANTICSOFAUNIFIEDSUITEOFPROGRAMMINGLANGUAGESFORPROGRAMMABLECONTROLLERSPCSINTHISPAPER,WEDESCRIBEATYPICALCONTROLLOGICAPPLICATIONFORDEMONSTRATIONOFCONFIGURINGAPLC,WRITINGAPPLICATIONPROGRAMANDCODEGENERATIONALONGWITHRUNTIMECONFIGURATIONSANDRTOSABSTRACTIONFOREMBEDDINGITINTOPLCHARDWARETHEPROGRAMMINGLANGUAGESTSTRUCTUREDTEXTHASBEENUSEDTHROUGHOUTTHEPAPERIITHESTUDYEXAMPLEAPROBLEMDEFINITIONASIMPLEEXAMPLEOFCONTROLLINGAPUMPP1ANDITSDISCHARGEVALVEV1ANDSENDINGINFORMATIONTOANYDEVICESAYASCADASTATIONONDEMANDUSECASESUSECASE1READINPUTSREADTHEFOLLOWINGFIELDINPUTSAP1STARTPUSHBUTTONPBSTATUSDISCRETEINPUTBP1STOPPUSHBUTTONPBSTATUSDISCRETEINPUTCV1OPENPUSHBUTTONPBSTATUSDISCRETEINPUTDV1CLOSEPUSHBUTTONPBSTATUSDISCRETEINPUTEP1ON/OFFSTATUSDISCRETEINPUTFREADP1DISCHARGEPRESSUREANALOGINPUTITISATIMEDRIVENTASKREADEVERY10MSUSECASE2CONTROLINTERLOCKSATHEPUMPP11WILLSTARTIFSTARTPBISACTUATEDONCESTARTEDP1WILLCONTINUERUNNINGTILLSTOPPBISACTUATED2WILLSTOPEITHERIFTHESTOPPBISACTUATEDORIFTHEP1DISCHARGEPRESSUREISHIGHBTHEVALVEV11WILLOPENEITHERIFTHEV1OPENISACTUATEDORIFTHEPUMPISSTARTEDAND3SECONDHASBEENELAPSED2WILLCLOSEIFTHEV1CLOSEISACTUATEDPROVIDEDTHEPUMPP1ISNOTRUNNINGUSECASE3COMMUNICATIONSLAVE/SERVERONQUERYFROMANYEXTERNALDEVICEITWILLSENDRESPONSEDATATHEPROTOCOLDETAILSARENOTPARTOFTHISHIGHLEVELPROGRAMMINGIIITHEDOMAINMODELOFPLCTHEDOMAINMODELOFAPLCISDEPICTEDINFIGURE1BELOWFIGURE1PLCDOMAINMODELIVSOFTWAREMODELANDBUILDINGBLOCKSOFIEC611313CONFIGURATIONAPPLICATIONPROGRAMCODEGENERATORFRAMEWORKANDRTOSABSTRACTIONBUILDANDDOWNLOADUTILITYBSTRUCTUREOFTHEBUILDINGBLOCKSPOUSFUNCTION,FUNCTIONBLOCKANDPROGRAMARETHETHREEPROGRAMORGANIZATIONUNITSPOUSDEFINEDBYTHEIEC611313APOUCONTAINSADECLARATIONPARTANDBODY1DECLARATIONOFVARIABLESIEC611313STANDARDUSESVARIABLESTOSTOREANDPROCESSINFORMATIONVARIABLESCANBEASSIGNEDTOACERTAINI/OADDRESSUSINGTHEKEYWORD“AT”ANDCANBEBATTERYBACKEDAGAINSTPOWERFAILUREEACHDECLARATIONOFAPROGRAMORGANIZATIONUNITCONTAINATITSBEGINNINGATLEASTONEDECLARATIONPARTWHICHSPECIFIESTHETYPESANDTHEPHYSICALORLOGICALLOCATIONIFNEEDEDOFTHEVARIABLESUSEDINTHEORGANIZATIONUNIT2BODYOFPOUTHEALGORITHMICBEHAVIOROFPOUISDEFINEDINONEOFTHEFIVELANGUAGESDEFINEDBYTHESTANDARDFBDFUNCTIONBLOCKDIAGRAM,LDLADDERDIAGRAM,STSTRUCTUREDTEXT,ILINSTRUCTIONLISTANDSFCSEQUENTIALFUNCTIONCHARTTHESTLANGUAGEHASACOMPREHENSIVERANGEOFCONSTRUCTSFORASSIGNINGVALUESTOVARIABLES,CALLINGFUNCTIONSANDFUNCTIONBLOCKS,CREATINGEXPRESSIONS,FORCONDITIONALEVALUATIONOFSELECTEDSTATEMENTSANDFORITERATIONCPROGRAMSAPROGRAMISANETWORKOFFUNCTIONSANDFUNCTIONBLOCKSTHATAREABLETOEXCHANGEDATATHROUGHSOFTWARECONNECTIONSAPROGRAMCANBEWRITTENINANYOFTHEDEFINEDPROGRAMMINGLANGUAGESAPROGRAMCANALSOREADANDWRITETOINPUT/OUTPUTVARIABLESANDCOMMUNICATEWITHOTHERPROGRAMSTHEEXECUTIONOFDIFFERENTPARTSOFAPROGRAM,FOREXAMPLESELECTEDFUNCTIONBLOCKS,MAYBECONTROLLEDUSINGTASKSFOROURSTUDYEXAMPLE,WEHAVEFOLLOWINGPROGRAMS1PUMPP1CONTROL2VALVEV1CONTROLTHESTPROGRAMOFVALVECONTROLISGIVENHEREASITUSESONDELAYTIMERTONINADDITIONTOOTHERSTPROGRAMMINGFEATURESPROGRAMVALVEV1CONTROLVAR_INPUTV1OPENCBOOLV1CLOSECBOOLP1STARTCBOOLP1STATUSBOOLEND_VARVARVTIMERTONEND_VARVAR_TEMPTBOOLEND_VARVAR_OUTPUTV1OPENBOOLV1MOVTOOPENV1CLOSEBOOLV1MOVTOCLOSEEND_VARVTIMERINP1STARTC,PTT3ST1VTIMERQIFV1OPENCORT1THENV1OPENTRUEV1CLOSEFALSEEND_IFIFV1CLOSECTRUEANDP1STATUSFALSETHENV1OPENFALSEV1CLOSETRUEEND_IFEND_PROGRAM3SCANINPUTDFUNCTIONANDFUNCTIONBLOCKSTHESEARETHEBASICBUILDINGBLOCKS,CONTAININGADATASTRUCTUREANDANALGORITHMFOROURSTUDYEXAMPLE,1THEREQUIREDFUNCTIONBLOCKSAREREADANALOGININANYPLC,READINGINPUTSFROMPHYSICALI/OCARDSISUNAVOIDABLEFUNCTION_BLOCKREADANALOGINVAR_EXTERNALCONSTANTNUM_ALOGIN_CARDUINTEND_VARVAR_OUTPUTALOGIN1ARRAY1NUM_ALOGIN_CARDOFANALOG_16_DATAEND_VARALOGIN1READALOGINNUM_ALOGIN_CARDEND_FUNCTION_BLOCKREADDIGITALINTON2THEREQUIREDFUNCTIONSAREREADALOGFUNCTIONREADALOGARRAY1NUM_ALOGIN_CARDOFANALOG_16_DATAVAR_INPUTNOALOGCARDSUINTEND_VARFUNCTIONBODYEND_FUNCTIONREADDIGEGLOBALANDDIRECTVARIABLESAGLOBALVARIABLECANBEDECLAREDATPROGRAMLEVEL,RESOURCELEVELORCONFIGURATIONLEVELGLOBALVARIABLESPROVIDEAMEANSFORTRANSFERRINGDATAANDINFORMATIONBETWEENPROGRAMSORBETWEENFUNCTIONBLOCKSRESIDINGWITHINDIFFERENTPROGRAMSDIRECTLYREPRESENTEDVARIABLESEGIX11,IW11,QX11AREUSEDTOADDRESSTHEMEMORYLOCATIONSWITHINAPLCDIRECTLY

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簡(jiǎn)介：此文檔是畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)外文翻譯成品（含英文原文中文翻譯），無(wú)需調(diào)整復(fù)雜的格式下載之后直接可用，方便快捷本文價(jià)格不貴,也就幾十塊錢一輩子也就一次的事外文標(biāo)題INTRODUCINGTOPHP外文作者DAVIDRBROOKS文獻(xiàn)出處PROGRAMMINGINHTMLANDPHPCODINGFORSCIENTISTSANDENGINEERS,2018如覺(jué)得年份太老，可改為近2年，畢竟很多畢業(yè)生都這樣做英文4605單詞，27056字符字符就是印刷符，中文7376漢字。（如果字?jǐn)?shù)多了，可自行刪減，大多數(shù)學(xué)校都是要求選取外文的一部分內(nèi)容進(jìn)行翻譯的。）INTRODUCTIONTOPHPTHISCHAPTERINTRODUCESSYNTAXANDSOMECAPABILITIESOFTHEPHPLANGUAGE51WHATSHOULDAPROGRAMMINGLANGUAGEDOPHPISASTRUCTUREDPROGRAMMINGLANGUAGE,WHICHMEANSTHATITPROVIDESAWAYTOSOLVECOMPUTATIONALPROBLEMSBYBREAKINGTHEMINTODISCRETESTEPSTHATCANBECARRIEDOUTINA“TOPTOBOTTOM”FASHION,ONESTEPATATIMEALLSTRUCTUREDLANGUAGESSHARECERTAINESSENTIALFEATURES1MANAGEINPUTANDOUTPUTTOBEUSEFUL,ANYLANGUAGEMUSTPROVIDEANINPUT/OUTPUTI/OINTERFACEWITHAUSERWHENACOMPUTERPROGRAMISEXECUTEDORASCRIPTISINTERPRETED,THEUSERMAYBEASKED5MAKEDECISIONSBASEDONCOMPARINGVALUESCOMPUTERSCAN’TMAKEDECISIONSBY“THINKING”ABOUTMULTIPLEPOSSIBILITIESINAHUMANLIKEWAYHOWEVER,THEYCANCOMPAREVALUESANDACTONTHERESULTSOFTHOSECOMPARISONSTYPICALLY,APROGRAMWILLCOMPAREVALUESANDTHENEXECUTEINSTRUCTIONSBASEDONTHERESULTSOFTHOSECOMPARISONSINPARTICULAR,SUCHDECISIONSAREOFTENEMBEDDEDINBRANCHINGSTRUCTURESTHATEXECUTEONESETOFINSTRUCTIONSTOTHEEXCLUSIONOFOTHERS,BASEDONACOMPARISONOFVALUES6PERFORMREPETITIVECALCULATIONSLOOPSTRUCTURESALLOWCOMPUTERSTOPERFORMREPETITIVECALCULATIONSTHESECALCULATIONSMAYBETERMINATEDAFTERTHEYHAVEBEENEXECUTEDASPECIFIEDNUMBEROFTIMES,ORTHEYMAYBEEXECUTEDONLYUNTILORWHILESOMESETOFCONDITIONSISSATISFIED52SOMEESSENTIALTERMINOLOGYITISESSENTIALTOAGREEUPONTHEMEANINGANDUSEOFPROGRAMMINGLANGUAGETERMINOLOGYINORDERTODISCUSSPROGRAMMINGCONCEPTS,ESPECIALLYBECAUSETHEPROGRAMMINGSPECIFICMEANINGOFSOMETERMSMUSTBEDISTINGUISHEDFROMTHEIREVERYDAYCONVERSATIONALUSETABLE51GIVESSOMEESSENTIALTERMSANDTHEIRDEFINITIONS

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簡(jiǎn)介：5304英文單詞，32432英文字符，中文9138字出處DARIECAJAXANDPHPBUILDINGRESPONSIVEWEBAPPLICATIONSMPACKTPUBLISHING,2006（如果感覺(jué)年份太老，可以改為近5年或者近2年，畢竟很多畢業(yè)生都這么做）此文檔包含中文翻譯英文原文，格式經(jīng)過(guò)整理，下載后直接可用。外文標(biāo)題AJAXANDPHPBUILDINGRESPONSIVEWEBAPPLICATIONSCHAPTER1AJAXANDTHEFUTUREOFWEBAPPLICATIONS外文作者DARIECAJAXANDPHPBUILDINGRESPONSIVEWEBAPPLICATIONSCHAPTER1AJAXANDTHEFUTUREOFWEBAPPLICATIONS1INTRODUCTION“COMPUTER,DRAWAROBOT“SAIDMYYOUNGCOUSINTOTHEFIRSTCOMPUTERHEHADEVERSEENSINCEIHADINSTRUCTEDITNOTTOLISTENTOSTRANGERS,THECOMPUTERWASNTRECEPTIVETOTHISCOMMANDIFYOURELIKEME,YOURFIRSTTHOUGHTWOULDBE“HOWSILLY“OR“HOWFUNNY“BUTTHISISAMISTAKEOUREDUCATEDANDMODELEDBRAINSHAVELEARNEDHOWTOWORKWITHCOMPUTERSTOACERTAINDEGREEPEOPLEAREBEINGEDUCATEDTOACCOMMODATECOMPUTERS,TOCOMPENSATEFORTHELACKOFABILITYOFCOMPUTERSTOUNDERSTANDHUMANSONTHEOTHERHAND,HUMANSCANTACCOMMODATEVERYWELLTHEMSELVES,BUTTHATSANOTHERSTORYTHISLITTLESTORYISRELEVANTTOTHEWAYPEOPLEINSTINCTIVELYWORKWITHCOMPUTERSINANIDEALWORLD,THATSPOKENCOMMANDSHOULDHAVEBEENENOUGHTOHAVETHECOMPUTERPLEASEMYCOUSINTHEABILITYOFTECHNOLOGYTOBEUSERFRIENDLYHASEVOLVEDVERYMUCHINTHEPASTYEARS,BUTTHERESSTILLALONGWAYTILLWEHAVEREALINTELLIGENTCOMPUTERSUNTILTHEN,PEOPLENEEDTOLEARNHOWTOWORKWITHCOMPUTERSSOMETOTHEEXTENTTHATTHEYENDUPLOVINGABLACKSCREENWITHATINYCOMMANDPROMPTONITNOTINCIDENTALLY,THECOMPUTERWORKINGHABITSOFMANYAREDRIVENBYSOFTWAREWITHUSERINTERFACESTHATALLOWFORINTUITIVEANDENJOYABLEHUMANINTERACTIONTHISPROBABLYEXPLAINSTHEPOPULARITYOFTHERIGHTMOUSEBUTTON,THEWONDEROFFANCYFEATURESSUCHASDRAGANDDROP,ORTHATSIMPLETEXTBOXTHATSEARCHESCONTENTALLOVERTHEINTERNETFORYOUINJUST01SECONDSORSOITSAYSTHESOFTWAREINDUSTRYORTHEPROFITABLEPARTOFIT,ANYWAYHASSEEN,ANALYZED,ANDLEARNEDNOWTHEMARKETISFULLOFPROGRAMSWITHSHINYBUTTONS,ICONS,WINDOWS,ANDWIZARDS,ANDPEOPLEAREPAYINGALOTOFMONEYFORTHEMBUILDINGUSERFRIENDLYSOFTWAREHASALWAYSBEENEASIERWITHDESKTOPAPPLICATIONSTHANWITHWEBAPPLICATIONS,SIMPLYBECAUSETHEWEBWASDESIGNEDASAMEANSFORDELIVERINGTEXTANDIMAGES,ANDNOTCOMPLEXFUNCTIONALITYTHISPROBLEMHASGOTTENSIGNIFICANTLYMOREPAINFULINTHELASTFEWYEARS,WHENMOREANDMORESOFTWARESERVICESANDFUNCTIONALITYAREDELIVEREDVIATHEWEBCONSEQUENTLY,MANYTECHNOLOGIESHAVEBEENDEVELOPEDANDARESTILLBEINGDEVELOPEDTOADDFLASHYLIGHTS,ACCESSIBILITY,ANDPOWERTOWEBAPPLICATIONSNOTABLEEXAMPLESINCLUDEJAVAAPPLETSANDMACROMEDIAFLASH,WHICHREQUIRETHEUSERSTOINSTALLSEPARATELIBRARIESINTOTHEIRWEBBROWSERS2DELIVERINGFUNCTIONALITYVIATHEWEBWEBAPPLICATIONSAREAPPLICATIONSWHOSEFUNCTIONALITYISPROCESSEDONAWEBSERVER,ANDISDELIVEREDTOTHEENDUSERSOVERANETWORKSUCHASTHEINTERNETORANINTRANETTHEENDUSERSUSEATHINCLIENTWEBBROWSERTORUNWEBAPPLICATIONS,WHICHKNOWSHOWTODISPLAYANDEXECUTETHEDATARECEIVEDFROMTHESERVERINCONTRAST,DESKTOPAPPLICATIONSAREBASEDONATHICKCLIENTALSOCALLEDARICHCLIENTORAFATCLIENT,WHICHDOESMOSTOFTHEPROCESSINGWEBAPPLICATIONSEVOLVEDREAMINGTHATONEDAYTHEYLLLOOKANDBEHAVELIKETHEIRMATUREANDPOWERFULRELATIVES,THEDESKTOPAPPLICATIONSTHEBEHAVIOROFANYCOMPUTERSOFTWARETHATINTERACTSWITHHUMANSISNOWEVENMOREIMPORTANTTHANITUSEDTOBE,BECAUSENOWADAYSTHECOMPUTERUSERBASEVARIESMUCHMORETHANINTHEPAST,WHENTHEUSERSWERETECHNICALLYSOUNDASWELLNOWYOUNEEDTODISPLAYGOODLOOKINGREPORTSTOCINDY,THESALESDEPARTMENTMANAGER,ANDYOUNEEDTOPROVIDEEASYTOUSEDATAENTRYFORMSTODAVE,THESALESPERSONBECAUSEENDUSERSATISFACTIONISALLTHATMATTERS,THESOFTWAREAPPLICATIONYOUBUILDMUSTBESATISFACTORYTOALLTHEUSERSTHATINTERACTWITHITASFARASWEBAPPLICATIONSARECONCERNED,THEIREVOLUTIONTOMATURITYPROCESSWILLBECOMPLETEWHENTHEAPPLICATIONSINTERFACEANDBEHAVIORWILLNOTREVEALWHETHERTHEFUNCTIONALITYISDELIVEREDBYTHELOCALDESKTOPORCOMESTHROUGHFIBERORAIRDELIVERINGUSABLEINTERFACESVIATHEWEBUSEDTOBEPROBLEMATICSIMPLYBECAUSEFEATURESTHATPEOPLEUSEWITHTHEIRDESKTOPAPPLICATIONS,SUCHASDRAGANDDROP,ANDPERFORMINGMULTIPLETASKSONTHESAMEWINDOWATTHESAMETIME,WERENOTPOSSIBLEANOTHERPROBLEMWITHBUILDINGWEBAPPLICATIONSISSTANDARDIZATIONTODAY,

簡(jiǎn)介：4300英文單詞，英文單詞，26500英文字符，中文英文字符，中文7700字文獻(xiàn)出處文獻(xiàn)出處KEDIABL,REDDYRKLANGUAGEANDCROSSBORDERACQUISITIONSANEXPLORATORYSTUDYJINTERNATIONALBUSINESSREVIEW,2016,25613211332LANGUAGEANDCROSSBORDERACQUISITIONSANEXPLORATORYSTUDYBENLKEDIA,RAMAKRISHNAREDDYABSTRACTTHEAIMOFTHISSTUDYISTOEXAMINETHEEFFECTSOFLANGUAGEONPOSTACQUISITIONPERFORMANCEOFUSBASEDCROSSBORDERACQUISITIONSINTHISSTUDYWEATTEMPTTOSHOWTHATPOSTACQUISITIONPERFORMANCEISEXPLAINEDBYTHELINGUISTICDISTANCEBETWEENTHEACQUIRERANDTARGETCOUNTRYOFTHEACQUISITIONINADDITION,THISSTUDYEXPLAINSTHEMODERATINGROLEOFACQUISITIONEXPERIENCEINTHELINGUISTICDISTANCEACQUISITIONPERFORMANCERELATIONSHIPANANALYSISOF1120USACQUISITIONSIN33TARGETCOUNTRIESOVERAPERIODOF6YEARS2007TO2012DEMONSTRATESTHATLINGUISTICDISTANCEHASEXPLANATORYVALUEINPOSTACQUISITIONPERFORMANCEOURANALYSISALSODEMONSTRATESTHATTHEACQUIRER’SCROSSBORDERACQUISITIONEXPERIENCEPLAYSASIGNIFICANTROLEASAMODERATOROFTHISLINGUISTICDISTANCEACQUISITIONPERFORMANCERELATIONSHIPINADDITION,OURANALYSISOFLINGUAFRANCAPROFICIENCYALSOLENDSSUPPORTTOOURHYPOTHESIZEDRELATIONSHIPSANDDEMONSTRATESTHEROBUSTNESSOFOURFINDINGSKEYWORDSLANGUAGELINGUISTICDISTANCEMERGERSACQUISITIONPERFORMANCE1INTRODUCTIONCROSSBORDERACQUISITIONSAREADOMINANTMODEOFFOREIGNEXPANSION,INCREASINGINOVERALLVALUEFROM99BILLIONIN1990TO555BILLIONIN2011UNCTAD,2012DESPITEASSUMPTIONSTHATACQUISITIONSRESULTINHIGHERFINANCIALPERFORMANCEANDCREATEFIRMVALUEBARNEY,1988DATTA,1991ZOLLOKING,DALTON,DAILY,LARSSONHITTETAL,2001,UNSKILLEDEXECUTIONOFTHEACQUISITIONPROCESSITSELFSCHULERLARSSONJEMISONCARTWRIGHTCHATTERJEE,LUBATKIN,SCHWEIGER,DATTA,1991MOROSINISTAHLCHAKRABARTI,MUKHARJEE,FRENKEL,2008HARZINGHENDERSON,2005RESEARCHHASSHOWNTHATDIFFERENCESINSOCIALIDENTITY,SOCIALCATEGORIZATION,POWERDISPARITYANDCULTURALDIFFERENCESBREEDSDYSFUNCTIONANDFREQUENTLYBREAKSTEAMSINTOSUBGROUPSDEFINEDBYAN‘USVSTHEM’MENTALITYCRAMTONPOLZER,CRISP,JARVENPAA,HENDERSON,2005TRUSTISESSENTIALFORCOOPERATIVEBEHAVIORAMONGINDIVIDUALSANDTEAMSMAYER,DAVIS,MCALLISTER,1995ANDTHELACKOFTRUSTAMONGTEAMSORGROUPSSEVERELYUNDERMINESCOOPERATIONMCALLISTER1995SUGGESTEDTHATINCREASEDINTERACTIONENHANCESTRUSTANDCOOPERATIONAMONGTEAMSTOIMPROVECOMMUNICATIONSANDINTERACTIONSTHEMAJORITYOFMULTINATIONALSMANDATEENGLISHASTHELINGUAFRANCAORTHECOMMONLANGUAGEOFBUSINESSBONOVEY,2005HOWEVER,EVIDENCESUGGESTSTHATEVENWHENTHEREISCORPORATEMANDATEDLINGUAFRANCA,NONNATIVESPEAKERSTENDTODISTRUSTNATIVESPEAKERS,SUSPECTINGTHATTHEYWOULDDECEIVETHEMUSINGTHEIRSUPERIORLANGUAGESKILLSNEELEY,2013IN

簡(jiǎn)介：LANGUAGEANDCROSSBORDERACQUISITIONSANEXPLORATORYSTUDYBENLKEDIA,RAMAKRISHNAREDDYWANGCENTERFORINTERNATIONALBUSINESS,THEUNIVERSITYOFMEMPHIS,FOGELMANEXECUTIVECENTER,330INNOVATIONDR220,MEMPHIS,TN38152,UNITEDSTATESARTICLEINFOARTICLEHISTORYRECEIVED10FEBRUARY2015RECEIVEDINREVISEDFORM2MARCH2016ACCEPTED6APRIL2016AVAILABLEONLINE11MAY2016KEYWORDSLANGUAGELINGUISTICDISTANCEMERGERSDATTA,1991ZOLLOKING,DALTON,DAILY,LARSSONHITTETAL,2001,UNSKILLEDEXECUTIONOFTHEACQUISITIONPROCESSITSELFSCHULERLARSSONJEMISONCARTWRIGHTCHATTERJEE,LUBATKIN,SCHWEIGER,DATTA,1991MOROSINISTAHLCHAKRABARTI,MUKHARJEE,SHENKAR,2001DESPITETHISCALL,THEORETICALANDEMPIRICALINCONSISTENCIESOFCULTUREDISTANCERESEARCHCONTINUETOACCUMULATE,ANDRESEARCHERSREMAINHIGHLYDEPENDENTONCULTUREDISTANCETOEXPLAININTERNATIONALIZATIONANDOTHERCROSSBORDERPHENOMENAGIVENTHISDOMINANTFOCUSONTHEUMBRELLACONCEPTOFCULTUREDISTANCE,RESEARCHERSHAVEVIRTUALLYIGNOREDTHESINGULARIMPORTANCEOFLANGUAGEDIFFERENCES,WHICHISTHEFIRSTFACTOROFJOHANSONANDVAHLNE1977‘PSYCHICDISTANCE’CONCEPTTHEPSYCHICDISTANCECONSTRUCTINCLUDESLANGUAGE,CULTURE,POLITICALSYSTEMS,LEVELOFEDUCATIONANDLEVELOFINDUSTRIALDEVELOPMENTTHEPASTFAILUREOFCORRESPONDINGAUTHOREMAILADDRESSESBKEDIAMEMPHISEDUBLKEDIA,RREDDY1MEMPHISEDU,MRKREDDY82GMAILCOMRKREDDYHTTP//DXDOIORG/101016/JIBUSREV20160400409695931/?2016PUBLISHEDBYELSEVIERLTDINTERNATIONALBUSINESSREVIEW2520161321–1332CONTENTSLISTSAVAILABLEATSCIENCEDIRECTINTERNATIONALBUSINESSREVIEWJOURNALHOMEPAGEWWWELSEVIERCOM/LOCATE/IBUSREVACRUCIALANDFUNDAMENTALPARTOFARTICULATIONWITHINKNOWLEDGETRANSFERARTICULATIONALLOWSTACITKNOWLEDGETOBETRANSFORMEDINTOANEXPLICITLYABSORBABLEFORMFORTHERECEIVINGPARTYCARLILE,2004WELCHLARSSONCORDINGETAL,2008THEEFFECTIVENESSOFINTEGRATIONEFFORTSBECOMESEVENMOREIMPORTANTWHENACQUISITIONSSPANINTERNATIONALBOUNDARIESHASPESLAGHLARSSONBLAKESTAHLFRENKEL,2008HARZINGFEELY,2008TOESTABLISHSHAREDIDENTITY,EMPLOYEESNEEDTOINTERNALIZEANEWCOMMONIDENTITYASHFORTH,1985SOCIALIZATIONHASADIRECTFIG1HYPOTHESIZEDINFLUENCEOFLANGUAGEDIFFERENCEONINTEGRATIONPROCESSANDACQUISITIONPERFORMANCEBLKEDIA,RKREDDY/INTERNATIONALBUSINESSREVIEW2520161321–13321323

簡(jiǎn)介：DESIGNOFINTELLIGENTCARBASEDONSINGLECHIPPROCESSORSTC89C52LIXIN1,A,XIANGQIANG1,B,?1COLLEGEOFELECTRICALINFORMATION,SOUTHWESTUNIVERSITYFORNATIONALITIES,CHENGDU610041,CHINAAEMAIL1009132414QQCOM,BEMAILXIANGQIANGSWUNEDUCNKEYWORDSINTELLIGENTTRACKINGCAR,DCMOTOR,INFRAREDELECTRICSENSOR,PWM,MICEMAZEABSTRACTSMARTCARISAKINDOFSYSTEMWHICHCANPRECISELYALONGTHEPATHOFAUTOMATICDRIVINGMAZESTOTHEENDPOINTANDRETURNTOTHESTARTINGPOINTACCURATELYACCORDINGTOTHEOPTIMALPATH,UNDERTHEEFFECTOFCONTROLSYSTEMINTHISPAPER,THEHARDWARE/SOFTWAREDESIGNANDIMPLEMENTATIONOFTHEINTELLIGENTTRACKINGCARCONTROLSYSTEMAREINTRODUCEDTHISTRACKINGCARUSESTHREEROWSOFLASERSENSORSTOCOLLECTROADINFORMATION,SOFTWARETOJUDGEITSEFFECTIVENESSBYTHECORRESPONDINGALGORITHM,CONTROLALGORITHMSTOCONTROLVEHICLESTEERINGTHEPROPERDUTYRATIOOFPWMWAVEISGIVEDBYSINGLECHIPMICROCOMPUTERTOCONTROLTHEMOTORSPEED,ANDTHEPOSITIVENEGATIVEOPERATIONOFMOTORISDRIVEDBYHBRIDGETHESMARTCARCANRETURNTOTHESTARTINGPOINTALONGTHEOPTIMALPATHAFTERREACHTHEENDPOINTTHESMARTCARCANCOMPLETETHETRACKINGTASKPREFERABLY,ANDISABLETOCOMPLETETHEPRESCRIBEDPATHWITHFASTERSPEED,ALWAYSMAINTAINSSTABLEOPERATIONINTRODUCTIONTHETRACKINGCARCOMPETITIONISANACTIVITYCARRIEDOUTFORPROMOTINGHIGHEREDUCATIONALREFORM,CULTIVATINGUNDERGRADUATESTHEABILITYOFPRACTICE,INNOVATIONANDTEAMWORKSPIRITMANUFACTURINGPHOTOELECTRICTRACKINGCARISDIVIDEDINTOTWOPARTSHARDWAREMANUFACTURINGANDSOFTWAREPROGRAMMINGTHISARTICLEPROPOSESADESIGNSCHEMEFORPHOTOELECTRICTRACKINGCARTHEEXPERIMENTINDICATESTHATTHISSCHEMECANADJUSTTHESPEEDANDANGLEOFCARBODY,COMBININGWITHALLKINDSOFTRACK’STRAFFICINFORMATION,INORDERTOENSURECARSCANFINISHTHEFULLDISTANCEINAMINIMUMDURATIONSYSTEMATICOVERALLHARDWARESTRUCTUREDESIGNANDWORKINGPRINCIPLEBRIEFINTRODUCTIONINTELLIGENTCAR’SOVERALLHARDWARESTRUCTUREDESIGNTHESTRUCTURESOFTHECARMAINLYDIVIDEDINTOAFEWPARTSFOLLOWING1POWERMODULEBECAUSECARSADOPTTHEBATTERYTOSUPPLYELECTRICITY,REASONABLEDESIGNISAPOWERMODULE,THEPREMISEOFCAR’SSTABLEOPERATION2TRACKINGMODULEIT’SMADEUPOFSEVERALPHOTOTUBES,USINGFOREXPLORINGTHEPOSITIONOFBLACKLINE,JUDGEIFTHEREISBLACKLINEORNOTTHROUGHTHECHANGEOFREFLECTEDINFRARED3DRIVERMODULEOFELECTRICMOTORASTHESCM’SCURRENTOUTPUTISLIMITED,ANDITCANNOTDRIVEMOTORTOWORKDIRECTLY,THUSITNEEDSTOBEDRIVENBYAPPROPRIATIVECIRCUITTHISARTICLETAKESHBRIDGEDRIVERCHIPL298NTHATISUSEDCOMMONLYFORANEXAMPLE4ONECHIPCOMPUTERMODULETHEWHOLEDESIGNSELECTS8BITMICROCONTROLLERSTC89C524TOFINISHTHETREATMENTOFCOLLECTINGDATAANDCONTROLINGCOMMANDOFEACHDRIVER,THEPROCESSINGSPEEDOF12MCANDEALWITHALLKINDSOFROADINFORMATIONINTIMEANDCONTROLTHEDIRECTIONOFCARS,ANDTHEPOWERDISSIPATIONISLOW,THECOLLOCATIONISSIMPLE,ANDTHEPRICEISCOMPARATIVELYCHEAPINTELLIGENTTRACKINGCARHARDWARESTRUCTUREDIAGRAMASSHOWNINFIGURE12INTERNATIONALPOWER,ELECTRONICSANDMATERIALSENGINEERINGCONFERENCEIPEMEC2015?2015THEAUTHORSPUBLISHEDBYATLANTISPRESS247SENSITIVERECEIVINGINFRAREDPHOTOELECTRICTRIODENPNWHENITISUSEDTOCOMPARETWOVOLTAGES,ANARBITRARYINPUTENDPLUSAFIXEDVOLTAGEASREFERENCEVOLTAGE,ANDTHEOTHERENDWITHAVOLTAGESIGNALSTOBECOMPAREDWHENTHEVOLTAGEOF““TERMINALISHIGHERTHAN““SIDE,THEOUTPUTPIPEISCUTOFF,WHICHMEANSTHEOUTPUTSIDEDISCONNECTINGWHENTHEVOLTAGEOF““ABOVE““SIDE,THEOUTPUTTUBESATURATED,EQUIVALENTTOTHEOUTPUTSIDECONNECTSALOWPOTENTIALTHEDIFFERENCEBETWEENTHETWOINPUTVOLTAGESISMORETHAN10MVWHICHCANRELIABLYENSURETHATTHEOUTPUTFROMONESTATETOANOTHERSTATETHEREFORE,THELM339USEDINWEAKSIGNALDETECTIONISIDEAL5LOOPCIRCUITDIAGRAMASSHOWNINFIGURE2FIG3MOTORDRIVERMODULEMOTORDRIVERMODULETHISMODULESELECTSTHEL298NCHIPTOCONTROLTHEREARETHREESIGNALSAND6PINSTOCONTROLEACHELECTRICALMACHINEANDTHESIXPINSISLINKEDWITHP00P05OFSTC89C52SINGLECHIPMICROCOMPUTERRESPECTIVELYHERETHEWORKINGVOLTAGEOFTHECHIPIS5VTHISDESIGNADOPTSTHEWAYOFTWOKINDSOFOUTPUTTINGTOCONTROLAMOTORNAMELYTHEOUT1ANDOUT2CONTROLMOTOR1,OUT3ANDOUT4CONTROLMOTOR2INFIGURE5,D1D8ISCLAMPDIODEMOTOR,ATTHEINSTANTOFSTOPPING,WILLPRODUCEAREVERSECURRENT,ANDAFTERCUTTINGTHEMAGNETICFIELDCANPRODUCEAREVERSEELECTROMOTIVEFORCETHEGOALTOSETTHESECLAMPDIODESISTOPREVENTTHECOUNTERELECTROMOTIVEFORCEFROMBURNINGOUTTHECHIP,SOASTOPROTECTTHEMMOTORDRIVERMODULEASSHOWNINFIGURE36249

簡(jiǎn)介：1800英文單詞，11700英文字符，中文3040字出處LIXIN,XIANGQIANG2015DESIGNOFINTELLIGENTCARBASEDONSINGLECHIPPROCESSORSTC89C52INTERNATIONALPOWER,ELECTRONICSANDMATERIALSENGINEERINGCONFERENCEIPEMEC2015基于單片機(jī)STC89C52的智能車設(shè)計(jì)李昕，湘強(qiáng)?西南民族大學(xué)電氣信息學(xué)院，四川成都610041電子郵件1009132414QQCOM電子郵件XIANGQIANGSWUNEDUCN關(guān)鍵詞智能跟蹤車，直流電機(jī)，紅外電傳感器，PWM，鼠標(biāo)迷宮摘要智能汽車是一種能夠在控制系統(tǒng)的作用下，根據(jù)最優(yōu)路徑精確地沿著自動(dòng)駕駛迷宮的路徑到達(dá)終點(diǎn)并準(zhǔn)確返回起點(diǎn)的系統(tǒng)。本文介紹了智能跟蹤汽車控制系統(tǒng)的硬件/軟件設(shè)計(jì)與實(shí)現(xiàn)。這種跟蹤車使用三排激光傳感器來(lái)收集道路信息，軟件通過(guò)相應(yīng)的算法判斷其有效性，控制算法來(lái)控制車輛轉(zhuǎn)向。單片機(jī)給出了PWM波的適當(dāng)占空比來(lái)控制電機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)速，H橋驅(qū)動(dòng)電機(jī)的正負(fù)操作。智能車可以在到達(dá)終點(diǎn)后沿最佳路徑返回起點(diǎn)。智能車可以優(yōu)選地完成跟蹤任務(wù)，并且能夠以更快的速度完成規(guī)定的路徑，始終保持穩(wěn)定的操作。1簡(jiǎn)介跟蹤汽車競(jìng)賽是推動(dòng)高等教育改革，培養(yǎng)大學(xué)生實(shí)踐能力，創(chuàng)新能力和團(tuán)隊(duì)合作精神的一項(xiàng)活動(dòng)。制造光電跟蹤車分為兩部分硬件制造和軟件編程。本文提出了一種光電跟蹤汽車的設(shè)計(jì)方案。實(shí)驗(yàn)表明，該方案可以調(diào)整車身的速度和角度，結(jié)合各種軌道的交通信息，確保車輛在最短的時(shí)間內(nèi)完成全程距離。2系統(tǒng)的整體硬件結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)和工作原理簡(jiǎn)介智能車的整體硬件結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)汽車的結(jié)構(gòu)主要分為以下幾個(gè)部分1電源模塊。由于汽車采用電池供電，合理的設(shè)計(jì)是電源模塊，是汽車穩(wěn)定運(yùn)行的前提。2跟蹤模塊。它由幾個(gè)光電管組成，用于探測(cè)黑線的位置，通過(guò)反射紅外線的變化判斷是否有黑線。圖2環(huán)路圖跟蹤模塊的設(shè)計(jì)本設(shè)計(jì)采用8個(gè)ST188型號(hào)的紅外電傳感器。光電管分布部分采用332布局。該方法可以準(zhǔn)確，簡(jiǎn)單地區(qū)分每個(gè)端口，程序控制算法簡(jiǎn)單，車輛穩(wěn)定可控。ST188型紅外電子傳感器由高功率紅外光電二極管和高靈敏度接收紅外光電三極管（NPN）組成。當(dāng)它用于比較兩個(gè)電壓時(shí)，任意輸入端加上固定電壓作為參考電壓，另一端用電壓信號(hào)進(jìn)行比較。當(dāng)“”端子的電壓高于“”側(cè)時(shí)，輸出管道被切斷，這意味著輸出側(cè)斷開。當(dāng)電壓“”高于“”側(cè)時(shí)，輸出管飽和，相當(dāng)于輸出側(cè)連接低電位。兩個(gè)輸入電壓之間的差值大于10MV，這可以可靠地確保輸出從一個(gè)狀態(tài)到另一個(gè)狀態(tài)。因此，LM339用于弱信號(hào)檢測(cè)是理想的5。電路圖如圖2所示。圖3電機(jī)驅(qū)動(dòng)模塊電機(jī)驅(qū)動(dòng)模塊該模塊選擇L298N芯片進(jìn)行控制。有三個(gè)信號(hào)和6個(gè)引腳來(lái)控制每臺(tái)電機(jī)。六個(gè)引腳分別與STC89C52單片機(jī)的P00P05相連。這里芯片的工作電壓為5V。這種設(shè)計(jì)采用兩種輸出方式來(lái)控制電機(jī)。即OUT1和OUT2控制電機(jī)1，OUT3和OUT4控制電機(jī)2在圖5中，D1D8是鉗位二極管。電機(jī)，在停止瞬間，會(huì)產(chǎn)生反向電流，切割后的磁場(chǎng)可以產(chǎn)生一個(gè)反電動(dòng)勢(shì)。設(shè)置這些鉗位二極管的目的是防止反電動(dòng)勢(shì)燒壞芯片，從而保護(hù)它們。電機(jī)驅(qū)動(dòng)模塊如圖36所示4智能跟蹤車的軟件設(shè)計(jì)