【優(yōu)化方案】2014屆高考英語(yǔ)(大綱版)一輪復(fù)習(xí)配套課件語(yǔ)法專項(xiàng)突破八 定語(yǔ)從句(共28張ppt)_第1頁(yè)
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1、八、定語(yǔ)從句,本講目錄,,1.(2012·高考江蘇卷)After the flooding,people were suffering in that area,________ urgently needed clean water,medicine and shelter to survive.A.which B.whoC.where D.what

2、,考點(diǎn)一 關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句,解析:選B??疾榉窍拗菩远ㄕZ(yǔ)從句。解答本題的關(guān)鍵是找準(zhǔn)先行詞??拷ㄕZ(yǔ)從句的是in that area,考生易錯(cuò)選C,但定語(yǔ)從句缺少的是主語(yǔ),關(guān)系副詞不能作主語(yǔ),可排除。what不能引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。根據(jù)定語(yǔ)從句的urgently needed clean water,medicine and shelter to survive可知,需要干凈的水、藥品和避難所的是人(people),而不是that a

3、rea或flooding,所以先行詞為人,A項(xiàng)也可排除,故選B。,2.(2011·高考四川卷)The school shop,________ customers are mainly students,is closed for the holidays.A.which B.whoseC.when D.where解析:選B。句意:這家校內(nèi)商店放假時(shí)關(guān)門,它的顧客主要是學(xué)生??疾槎ㄕZ(yǔ)從句。本句沒有并列連詞也沒有從

4、屬連詞,故可判斷逗號(hào)后面是非限制性定語(yǔ)從句;本句先行詞是the school shop,還原到從句后為:The school shop’s customers are mainly students.因此選B,用whose引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句,關(guān)系代詞whose在從句中作定語(yǔ)。,3.(2012·高考浙江卷)Ellen was a painter of birds and of nature,________,for some rea

5、son,had withdrawn from all human society.A.which B.whoC.where D.whom解析:選B??疾榉窍拗菩远ㄕZ(yǔ)從句。句意:埃倫是一個(gè)畫鳥類和自然的畫家,出于某種原因,他已退出了所有的社會(huì)活動(dòng)。for some reason為插入語(yǔ),可將其去掉,這時(shí)可以注意到該復(fù)合句中從句缺少主語(yǔ)。根據(jù)從句的語(yǔ)意可確定該從句的主語(yǔ)應(yīng)是指人的,由此可確定答案。該從句為非限制性定語(yǔ)從句,其先

6、行詞為a painter。值得注意的是,有的考生誤將birds和nature作為從句的先行詞,從而錯(cuò)選which。,4.(2012·高考山東卷)Maria has written two novels,both of ________ have been made into television series.A.them B.thatC.which D.what解析:選C??疾槎ㄕZ(yǔ)從句。句意:瑪麗婭已寫了兩部小

7、說(shuō),它們都已被拍成了電視劇。分析題干結(jié)構(gòu)可以看出:Maria has written two novels是一個(gè)完整的含“主謂賓”的句子。如果后半句也是個(gè)完整的句子的話,那么題干中的兩個(gè)分句中間缺少連接詞and,故A項(xiàng)不正確。由此不難看出空格處應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句,which代替先行詞two novels。that作關(guān)系代詞不能放于介詞之后;what不能引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。分清句子結(jié)構(gòu)是解答本題的關(guān)鍵。,1.whose是

8、一個(gè)表示所屬關(guān)系的詞,在定語(yǔ)從句中作定語(yǔ),of which可以代替whose指物, 詞序一般是名詞+of which或of which+名詞。of whom可以代替whose指人,詞序是名詞+of whom。Many children,whose parents are away working in big cities, are taken good care of in the village.父母親在大城市里打工的許多孩子在村

9、莊里被照顧的非常好。The old temple whose roof was damaged in a storm is now under repair.那座在暴風(fēng)雨中屋頂受損的古廟現(xiàn)在正在維修中。,2.which,that所代替的先行詞是表示事物的名詞或代詞,在從句中可作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)等。先行詞既有人又有物時(shí),關(guān)系代詞用that;which代指前面整個(gè)句子內(nèi)容。They talked for about an hour of

10、things and people that they remembered in the school.關(guān)于他們記得的上學(xué)時(shí)的人和事,他們討論了大約一小時(shí)。The Internet is a huge computer system which/that allows millions of people around the world to share information.因特網(wǎng)是一個(gè)龐大的計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng),它使得世界上成千上

11、萬(wàn)的人們共享信息成為可能。,3.who,whom,that這些詞代替的先行詞是表示人的名詞或代詞,在從句中可作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)等。(2010·高考浙江卷)The settlement is home to nearly 1,000 people,many of whom left their village homes for a better life in the city.近千人在這個(gè)社區(qū)居住,他們當(dāng)中很多都是從農(nóng)村老家來(lái)城

12、市尋求更好的日子的。,1.(2011·高考重慶卷)Sales director is a position________communication ability is just as important as sales skills.A.which B.thatC.when D.where,考點(diǎn)二 關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句,解析:選D。考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意:導(dǎo)購(gòu)員是一個(gè)溝通能力和銷售能力同樣重要的職位。分析題

13、干可知a position后是一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句,而該從句的引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ),即in which=in the position=where,故選D。在定語(yǔ)從句中,當(dāng)position,point,case,stage,situation等表示抽象地點(diǎn)的名詞充當(dāng)先行詞時(shí),若定語(yǔ)從句中缺少狀語(yǔ),則用where來(lái)引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。,2.(2011·高考陜西卷)I walked up to the top of the hill wit

14、h my friends,________ we enjoyed a splendid view of the lake.A.which B.whereC.who D.that解析:選B。句意:我和朋友們一起登上山頂,從山頂上我們欣賞了湖光美景。本題考查定語(yǔ)從句。本句中沒有并列連詞也沒有從屬連詞,故判斷逗號(hào)后為非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。先行詞為the top of the hill,還原到從句后為:on the top of th

15、e hill we enjoyed a splendid view of the lake,由此可見先行詞在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ),故選擇B項(xiàng)where。,3.(2012·高考浙江卷)We live in an age ________ more information is available with greater ease than ever before.A.why B.whenC.to whom D.on w

16、hich解析:選B。考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意:在我們生活的這個(gè)時(shí)代,有更多的信息可以比以往任何時(shí)候都更加容易獲得。該句為主從復(fù)合句,an age為先行詞,空格處引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句并在從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),故用when。,1.關(guān)系副詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作狀語(yǔ),when指時(shí)間,where指地點(diǎn),why指原因,在定語(yǔ)從句中分別作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)、地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)和原因狀語(yǔ)。Occasions are quite rare when I have time to spend

17、a day with my kids.我有時(shí)間和孩子們一起度過一天的機(jī)會(huì)很少。After graduation I’d like to find a job where I can use what I have learnt at school.畢業(yè)后我要找到一份能利用在學(xué)校所學(xué)知識(shí)的一份工作。,2.先行詞是時(shí)間名詞或地點(diǎn)名詞時(shí),如果在從句中不作狀語(yǔ),則不能用when或where引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句,而要用which/that。Is

18、this the reason (that/which) he gave us for the delay of the project?這是他給出工程推遲的原因嗎?,1.(2011·高考湖南卷)Julie was good at German,F(xiàn)rench and Russian,all of________ she spoke fluently.A.who   B.whomC.which D.that解析:選

19、C。句意:Julie擅長(zhǎng)德語(yǔ)、法語(yǔ)和俄語(yǔ),所有的(三門語(yǔ)言)她都說(shuō)得很流利。先行詞為German,F(xiàn)rench,Russian,代入定語(yǔ)從句后為:She spoke all of the three languages fluently.由此可見,先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作of的賓語(yǔ),先行詞指“物”,且介詞提前,故用which。,考點(diǎn)三 “介詞+which/whom”中介詞的確定,2.The engineer spoke highly of

20、 the government’s efforts,________he owed his safe return from Libya.A.through which B.to whichC.with whom D.for whom解析:選B。考查定語(yǔ)從句。先行詞為the government’s efforts,故應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞which。owe sth.to...“把某事歸功于……”,故選B項(xiàng)。,3.(2012

21、3;江蘇省蘇中三市聯(lián)合調(diào)研)Shopping on the Internet has a lot of advantages,________the most important is perhaps its convenience.A.of which B.whoseC.that D.in which解析:選A??疾槎ㄕZ(yǔ)從句。句意:在因特網(wǎng)上購(gòu)物有很多優(yōu)點(diǎn),其中最重要的也許是它的便利。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)和語(yǔ)意可知,此處定語(yǔ)從句

22、修飾advantages,表示其中的某一部分,故選擇of which,也可以寫成the most important of which。,1.與定語(yǔ)從句中的動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成搭配。In the dark street,there wasn’t a single person to whom she could turn for help.在漆黑的大街上沒有一個(gè)人能為她提供幫助。2.與定語(yǔ)從句所修飾的先行詞構(gòu)成搭配。Patience,wit

23、hout which you can’t do the work well,is a kind of quality.耐心是一種品質(zhì)。沒有了耐心,你不能做好工作。,3.of+which/whom表示所屬關(guān)系。(表所屬關(guān)系也可用whose)Recently I bought an ancient vase,the price of which(=whose price) was very reasonable.最近我買了個(gè)古代的花瓶

24、,它的價(jià)錢很合理。,1.(2013·濰坊模擬訓(xùn)練)Our school has developed a learning system __________ students can do a lot of teamwork.A.that   B.whenC.which D.where解析:選D??疾槎ㄕZ(yǔ)從句。 先行詞a learning system在定語(yǔ)從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ),所以用關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo)。,考點(diǎn)四

25、 先行詞為point,case,stagesituation等詞時(shí)所構(gòu)成的定語(yǔ)從句,2.(2013·河南省五市高三模擬)The media can often help solve problems and draw attention to situations________ help is needed.A.that B.whichC.when D.where解析:選D。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,本題考查定語(yǔ)從句

26、的引導(dǎo)詞,引導(dǎo)詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ),故用where,相當(dāng)于in which。,3.(2013·云南檢測(cè))—Do you have anything to say for yourselves?—Yes,there’s one point________we must insist on.A.why B.whereC.how D./解析:選D。the point作介詞on的賓語(yǔ),因此應(yīng)選用關(guān)系代詞或者省略。

27、,point,situation,case,activity等,從表面上看它們不是表地點(diǎn)的,但卻表示類似地點(diǎn)的意義,因此它們作先行詞時(shí),如果引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作狀語(yǔ),那么這個(gè)引導(dǎo)詞要用where;如果不作狀語(yǔ),則用關(guān)系代詞that/which。It’s helpful to put children in a situation where they can see themselves different.(where作狀語(yǔ))把孩子放

28、在一個(gè)能使他們從另外一個(gè)角度認(rèn)識(shí)自己的環(huán)境中對(duì)他們有益。,I have reached a point in my life where I am supposed to make decisions of my own.我已經(jīng)到了應(yīng)該自己作決定的那個(gè)人生階段。Now there is just one point that/which I wish you make quite clear.(which/that作賓語(yǔ))現(xiàn)在只有

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