【優(yōu)化方案】2014英語(yǔ)（新課標(biāo)版）一輪復(fù)習(xí)語(yǔ)法專項(xiàng)突破——名詞性從句

1、名詞性從句,,本節(jié)目錄,,語(yǔ)法精講考點(diǎn)整合,,語(yǔ)法專練知能闖關(guān),考點(diǎn)一　主語(yǔ)從句1．引導(dǎo)詞(1)that不充當(dāng)句子成分，本身無(wú)意義，僅起連接作用，但不能省略。(2)whether不充當(dāng)句子成分，但有“是否”的意義，不能省略，不能用if代替。還常和or連用，構(gòu)成“whether...or...……或者……”。(3)who，whom，what，which，whose本身有意義(和其作疑問(wèn)詞同義)，在句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ)，不能省略。

2、(4)where，when，how，why本身有意義(和其作疑問(wèn)詞同義)，在句中作狀語(yǔ)，不能省略。,(5)wh­ever引導(dǎo)的從句和不帶­ever的引導(dǎo)詞在句中所做成分一樣，但其意義上多了“無(wú)論……；任何……”的含義。(2011·高考北京卷)What Barbara Jones offers to her fans is honesty and happiness.Barbara Jones給她粉絲的

3、就是誠(chéng)信和快樂(lè)。Whether there are living creatures in the outer space as those on Earth hasn’t been proved up to now.外太空是否存在像地球上一樣的生物迄今尚未確定。,2．由it作形式主語(yǔ)的句型(1)It＋be＋形容詞(obvious，natural，good，funny，etc.)＋that從句。(2)It＋be＋名詞性詞組(no

4、 wonder，an honour，a pity，no surprise，etc.)＋that從句。(3)It＋be＋過(guò)去分詞(said，reported，thought，expected，etc.)＋that從句。(4)It doesn’t matter/makes no difference，etc.＋連接代詞或連接副詞引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句。It matters much whether the headmaster support

5、s our activity.校長(zhǎng)是否支持我們的活動(dòng)很重要。,(2011·高考江蘇卷)It was never clear why the man hadn’t reported the accident sooner.為什么這個(gè)人沒(méi)有盡快報(bào)告這起事故還不清楚。It never occurred to me that you could succeed in persuading him to change his min

6、d.我真想不到你竟然說(shuō)服了他，使他改變了主意。,【典例】　(2012·高考天津卷)It doesn’t matter ________ you turn right or left at the crossing—both roads lead to the park.A．whether　　　　　　　B．howC．if D．when【解析】　

7、選A。本題考查名詞性從句的引導(dǎo)詞。句意為“在這個(gè)十字路口你向左或右轉(zhuǎn)彎都沒(méi)有關(guān)系，因?yàn)閮蓷l路都通向公園”。題干中it作形式主語(yǔ)，所以所選的連詞在句中引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句。whether引導(dǎo)名詞性從句表示“是否”之意,而且題干中出現(xiàn)了關(guān)鍵信息詞or。whether...or...表示“是……還是……”。if引導(dǎo)名詞性從句也表示“是否”，但引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)從句等只能用whether而不能用if。,【易錯(cuò)剖析】　本題容易誤選C。if只有

8、在賓語(yǔ)從句中有“是否”含義，與whether換用，主語(yǔ)從句只能用whether。,觸類旁通1．(2012·山東省實(shí)驗(yàn)中學(xué)第二次診斷性)—It’s my treat today.Is there any particular meal you would like to have?—________ you choose is all right with me.A．Whatever

9、 B．WhatC．Anything what D．No matter what解析：選A。Whatever引導(dǎo)的從句作主語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于Anything that you choose，no matter what不能引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，只能引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。句意：無(wú)論你選什么對(duì)我都適合。,2．(2012·東阿縣一中高三九月測(cè)試)________ that there is anot

10、her good harvest this year.A．It says B．It is saidC．It was said D．He was said解析：選B?？疾楣潭ň湫?。It is said that...據(jù)說(shuō)……。It是形式主語(yǔ)，真正的主語(yǔ)是后面的主語(yǔ)從句that there is another good h

11、arvest this year.。句意：據(jù)說(shuō)今年我們又有一個(gè)好收成。,3．(2013·濟(jì)南外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)校第一學(xué)期高三質(zhì)量檢測(cè))It even leaves the scientists in wonder ________they should call the newly­born creature，which looks half­human and half­animal.A．that

12、 B．whyC．what D．how解析：選C。句中it是形式主語(yǔ)，真正的主語(yǔ)是“________ they should call the newly­born creature，which looks half­human and half­animal.”從句中缺少賓語(yǔ)，所以用what

13、。全句意為“他們應(yīng)該把這種新出生的生物稱作生命,他們看上去半人半獸，這件事讓科學(xué)家們很困惑”。,考點(diǎn)二　賓語(yǔ)從句其引導(dǎo)詞的用法基本和主語(yǔ)從句相同,但需注意以下幾點(diǎn)：(1)that從句一般不能充當(dāng)介詞賓語(yǔ),但在except(除了……)，in(在于……)后可以。He is a good student except that he is a little bit careless.他是個(gè)好學(xué)生，就是有點(diǎn)粗心。 He differ

14、ed from his classmates in that he devoted his spare time to reading.他和他的同學(xué)不同的地方在于他把課余時(shí)間用在了讀書上。,(2)whether引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句可以由if代替，但介詞后只能用whether。They are talking about whether they should carry out the plan.他們正在討論是否該實(shí)施這項(xiàng)計(jì)劃。(3)在某

15、些動(dòng)詞,如find，feel，think，consider,make, believe等后有賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí),常用it作形式賓語(yǔ),而將賓語(yǔ)從句后置.We think it highly probable that he is dead.我們認(rèn)為他已經(jīng)死了，這是非?？赡艿?。We consider it necessary that he should improve his pronunciation.他應(yīng)當(dāng)改進(jìn)他的發(fā)音，我們認(rèn)為這是必

16、要的。He has made it clear that he will not give in.他不會(huì)屈服的，這一點(diǎn)他已明確表示了。,【典例】　(2012·高考陜西卷)As many five courses are provided, and you are free to choose ________ suits you best.A．whatever B．which

17、everC．whenever D．wherever【解析】　選B。本題考查賓語(yǔ)從句連接詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，所填內(nèi)容引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，且在從句中作主語(yǔ)，而C，D兩項(xiàng)作狀語(yǔ)，可排除；另外，由信息詞five courses與choose可知是在給定的范圍中做出選擇，故排除whatever“無(wú)論什么”，選擇whichever“無(wú)論哪個(gè)”。句意：提供了多達(dá)五門課程，你可以自由選擇最適合你的那一門?！?/p>

18、易錯(cuò)剖析】　本題容易誤選A。只考慮到了賓語(yǔ)從句中缺少主語(yǔ)，沒(méi)有考慮到句子的具體意義，應(yīng)該用“(其中)任何一個(gè)”。,觸類旁通1．(2012·臨沂市高三上學(xué)期期中考試)They were so surprised at ________ they saw that they all ran away.A．what B．thatC．which

19、 D．who解析：選A?？疾榻樵~后的賓語(yǔ)從句，從句中缺賓語(yǔ)。句意：他們對(duì)所看到的如此吃驚以至于都跑了。,2．(2013·紹興一中高三階段性測(cè)試)________ surprised me most was that she didn’t even know ________the difference between the two lies.A．What；where

20、 B．What；whatC．That；where D．That；what解析：選A。what surprised me most是主語(yǔ)從句，因其中缺主語(yǔ)，所以用what，第二個(gè)是where引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句，因?yàn)閺木渲械闹^語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞lies是不及物動(dòng)詞，不可接賓語(yǔ)，不能用what。,3．(2012·紹興一中分校第一學(xué)期高三期中)After seven hours’ drive，they re

21、ached ________they thought was the place they had been dreamt of.A．that B．whatC．where D．which解析：選B。what引導(dǎo)的從句作reach的賓語(yǔ)，從句中they thought是插入語(yǔ)，去掉之后可以看出從句中缺少主語(yǔ)。,考點(diǎn)三　表語(yǔ)從句

22、表語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)詞的用法基本和賓語(yǔ)從句相同，但要注意以下幾點(diǎn)：①that引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，不能省略。②whether引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，不能用if代替。③主句的主語(yǔ)是the reason時(shí),其表語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞為that，不能用because。China is no longer what she used to be.中國(guó)再也不是從前的中國(guó)了。My decision is that all of us are to start at

23、 6∶00 tomorrow morning.我的決定是我們所有人明天早上6點(diǎn)出發(fā)。The problem is whether we can get enough money.問(wèn)題是我們能否弄到足夠的錢。,【典例】 (2011·高考山東卷)I’m afraid he’s more of a talker than a doer，which is_______ he never finishes anything.A．

24、that B．whenC．where D．why【解析】　選D。句意：我覺(jué)得與其說(shuō)他是個(gè)實(shí)干家不如說(shuō)他是個(gè)空談家，這就是為什么他從來(lái)不會(huì)完成任何事情的原因。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句,which指代前面的整個(gè)句子he’s more of a talker than a doer；在定語(yǔ)從句中，i

25、s后面為表語(yǔ)從句，由句意可知which指代的內(nèi)容是表語(yǔ)從句內(nèi)容的原因，故用why引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句?！疽族e(cuò)剖析】　本題容易誤選A。沒(méi)有理解準(zhǔn)確整句話的意義：前面的主句是后面的原因。,觸類旁通1．(2013·煙臺(tái)牟平高三第一學(xué)期檢測(cè))—On Sundays I prefer shutting myself in and listening to music all day on Sundays.—That’s ________

26、 I don’t agree.You should have a more active life.A．what B．whenC．how D．where解析：選D。where引導(dǎo)的從句作表語(yǔ)，此句句意：那就是我不同意的地方。須注意：agree是不及物動(dòng)詞，后面不能接賓語(yǔ)，所以不能用what。,2．(2012

27、·杭州蕭山區(qū)五校高三期中考試)The brave national spirits showed in the film The Flowers of War are ________deeply moved the audience.A which B．thatC．who D what解析：選D。what引導(dǎo)的從句

28、作表語(yǔ)，因從句中缺主語(yǔ)，所以用what。,考點(diǎn)四　同位語(yǔ)從句1．同位語(yǔ)從句常放在fact，news，idea，truth，hope，problem，information，belief，thought，doubt等名詞的后面，是對(duì)前面的名詞作進(jìn)一步的解釋，說(shuō)明前面名詞的具體含義。There seems to be no possibility that Li Hua can win the first prize in the 10

29、0­meter race.看起來(lái)似乎李華在一百米比賽中沒(méi)有可能獲得一等獎(jiǎng)。There is a popular belief among the Europeans that chicken soup can help cure flu.歐洲人普遍相信雞湯可以幫助治愈流感。,The question has been raised at the meeting whether each member country sh

30、ould equally share the expense of the committee.每一個(gè)成員國(guó)是否均等分擔(dān)委員會(huì)的費(fèi)用在會(huì)議上被提出來(lái)。I have no idea when he will come back.我不知道他將何時(shí)回來(lái)。,2．同位語(yǔ)從句與定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別：同位語(yǔ)從句是對(duì)前面名詞的內(nèi)容作進(jìn)一步的解釋、說(shuō)明，引導(dǎo)詞只起引導(dǎo)作用，不在句中作任何成分，一般不可省略。定語(yǔ)從句是對(duì)前面名詞進(jìn)行修飾、限制，引導(dǎo)詞在句中

31、作一定的句子成分。The news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school.他們贏得比賽的消息很快就傳遍了整個(gè)學(xué)校。(此句為同位語(yǔ)從句，進(jìn)一步解釋“the news”的內(nèi)容)The news you told me yesterday was really disappointing.你昨天告訴我的消息真的很令人失望。(此句是定語(yǔ)從句，它指的是“你昨

32、天告訴我的那個(gè)消息”),【典例】　(2012·高考江蘇卷)The notice came around two in the afternoon ________ the meeting would be postponed.A．when B．thatC．whether D．how【解析】　選B。本題考查名詞性從

33、句。句意：會(huì)議將被推遲的通知下午2點(diǎn)鐘左右發(fā)布。分析句式結(jié)構(gòu)可知，所填詞語(yǔ)引導(dǎo)的從句________the meeting would be postponed說(shuō)明的是主語(yǔ)the notice的內(nèi)容，即同位語(yǔ)從句。由于從句與先行詞the notice被主句謂語(yǔ)部分came around two in the afternoon分隔，從而加大了識(shí)別的難度。從句內(nèi)容完整，不需要添加when或how作狀語(yǔ)，也不含有不確定因素，不能使用whet

34、her，故選B項(xiàng)。,【易錯(cuò)剖析】　本題容易誤選A。把從句看成了定語(yǔ)從句修飾the afternoon，通過(guò)句意不難看出從句是用來(lái)說(shuō)明the notice的具體內(nèi)容的，它們之間是同位語(yǔ)關(guān)系。,觸類旁通1．(2012·山東濰坊一模)The strange thing about Nicholas is ________ he taught himself to read before he could speak.A．what

35、 B．thatC．whether D．if解析：選B。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空格后面的分句是一個(gè)表語(yǔ)從句，由于從句不缺少主語(yǔ)或者賓語(yǔ),因此不能填what，結(jié)合句意選that。,2．(2012·北京海淀二模)One of the glorious moments in my school life was __

36、______ I was awarded the Mayor’s Award.A．why B．howC．that D．when解析：選D。考查表語(yǔ)從句。句意：在我的學(xué)生時(shí)代，令我感到榮耀的時(shí)刻之一就是我被授予“市長(zhǎng)獎(jiǎng)”的時(shí)刻。句子的主語(yǔ)是one of the glorious moments，所以表語(yǔ)應(yīng)是“當(dāng)……的時(shí)候”