專升本輔導(dǎo)

1、definite structure,英語閱讀需要掌握的　　關(guān)鍵句,１,１Every…not"和"All…not"結(jié)構(gòu)，"Every…not"表示"不見得每個……都是……"；"All…not"表示"不見得所有……都是……"的意思。 Every man is not polite, and all are not

2、born gentlemen .,２,2 may as well not…as"結(jié)構(gòu)，此結(jié)構(gòu)可譯為"與其……不如不……"。 One may as well not know a thing at all as know it but imperfectly.,３,"have only to…do"結(jié)構(gòu)，此結(jié)構(gòu)表示"只須（消）……就能……"的意思。We

3、have only to turn to that extraordinary discovery made by Edison to see the significance of it.,４,"not (no) …unless…"句型 No increase in output can be expected unless a new assembly line is installed.,５,&qu

4、ot;better…than…"句型 Better my life should be ended by their hate, than that hated life should be prolonged to live without your love.,６,"as it were"是一個非常常用的插入語，意思是"好像"，"可以說"等。 

5、;Apiece of iron near a magnet, though apparently separate from it, feels, as it were, the threads of this attachment.,７,復(fù)雜結(jié)構(gòu)，在下面例句中，由于anyone的定語從句過長，把謂語must realize提到定語從句之前。 Though faith and confidence are surely m

6、ore or lass foreign to my nature, I do not infrequently find myself looking to them to be able, diligent, candid, and even honest. Plainly enough, that is too large an order, as anyone must realize who reflects upon the

7、manner in which they reach public office.,８,"not…any more than…"為："不能……，正如不能……"。One cannot learn to sketch and express himself graphically only by reading about it any more than one can learn to swim

8、 while standing by the pool.,９,9"By　that　as　it　may"是"Let　it　be　that　as　it　may"的省略形式，是由"be"引起的另外一種假設(shè)結(jié)構(gòu)，意思是"雖然如此，盡管這樣"。 　　It　is　said　that　the　nerve　poison　is　the　more　primitive

9、　of　the　two,　that　the　blood　poison　is,　so　to　speak,　a　new　product　from　an　improved　formula.　Be　that　as　it　may,　the　nerve　poison　does　its　business　with　man　far　more　quickly　than　the　blood　poison.,１０,10"if　at　all"

10、;是一個由"if"引起的主謂結(jié)構(gòu)不完整的短句結(jié)為"即將……"，"即使……"等。 　　I　can　see　only　with　great　difficulty,　if　at　all.,１１,11由there引起的句型容易產(chǎn)生復(fù)雜的句子結(jié)構(gòu). 　　There　have　been　opened　up　to　the　vast　and　excellent　scie

11、nce,　in　which　my　work　is　the　beginning,　ways　and　means　by　which　other　minds　more　accurate　than　wine　will　explore　its　remote　corners.,１２,12 "range　from　…to…"結(jié)構(gòu)。這是一個常見結(jié)構(gòu)，譯時很多情況下應(yīng)變通處理，不能完全依靠辭典上的釋義。 Compute

12、r　applications　range　from　an　assembly　line　completely　run　by　computers　to　a　children　toy　responding　to　remote　signals.,１３,13 "the　way…"結(jié)構(gòu) 　　I　always　thought　she　was　a　common-sense　person　who　discussed　thi

13、ngs　the　way　they　ought　to　be　discussed.,１４,復(fù)雜賓補(bǔ)結(jié)構(gòu) 　　In　recent　years,　the　development　of　sensitive　and　accurate　measuring　equipment　has　made　it　possible　to　measure　the　acuity　of　hearing　of　any　individual　at　differe

14、nt　frequencies.,１５,某些分隔結(jié)構(gòu) 　　1）　動詞短語相關(guān)部分被分隔（當(dāng)"make　use　of　"，"take　notice　of"，"pay　attention　to"， 　　等動詞短語變成被動語態(tài)時）。Use　is　made　of　solar　energy　in　heating　houses.,,2）雙重定語引起的分隔。 

15、;　　But　there　is　of　culture　another　view,　in　which　not　solely　the　scientific　passion,　the　sheer　desire　to　see　things　as　they　are,　natural　and　proper　in　an　intelligent　being,　appears　as　the　ground　of　it.,１６,16 "to　be

16、　doing…when…"是一個句型，多譯為"某人正在做……時，突然……"。在簡單的句子中容易看出，一旦句子變得復(fù)雜一些，可能就不太容易識別這種句型。 She　said　she　and　a　friend　had　gone　out　to　dinner　that　night,　and　were　walking　home　together　at　about　10　o’clock,　when　a　&qu

17、ot;very　big,　very　tall　man",　accosted　them　and　demanded　their　purses.,１７,17"too…to"句型 　　Then　I　remembered　how　often　I,　too,　had　been　indifferent　to　the　grandeur　of　each　day,　too　preoccupied　with　pett

18、y　and　sometimes　even　mean　concerns　to　respond　to　the　splendor　of　it　all.,１８,18"so　much　that…"句型 　　But　he　developed　gradually　a　very　musical　English.　He　learnt　to　write　sentences　that　fall　away　on　the　ear　

19、with　a　misty　languor　and　it　delighted　him　so　much　that　he　could　never　have　enough　of　it.,１９,19 "when"引導(dǎo)狀語從句有時并不好譯，不能一看到when從句就考慮譯為"當(dāng)……的時候"，它還有許多種譯法。 Anything　is　better　than　not　to　write　clearly.

20、　There　is　nothing　to　be　said　against　lucidity,　and　against　simplicity　only　the　possibility　of　dryness.　This　is　a　risk　that　is　well　worth　taking　when　you　reflect　how　much　better　it　is　to　be　bold　than　to　wear　a　curly　wig.,

21、２０,20"not…because…"，有時可否定前面，有時可否定because本身，往往出現(xiàn)歧義。應(yīng)根據(jù)上下文面判定。 　　In　1600　the　earth　was　not　the　center　of　the　universe　because　the　majority　then　supposed　it　was;　nor,　because　she　had　more　readers,　was　Ella　w

22、heeler　Wilcox　a　better　poet　than　Father　Hopkins.,２１,21"so…that,　such…that"是一個普通的句型，但在同一個句子里有兩處使用它卻比較少見The　truth　is,　that　in　one　point　of　view,　this　matter　of　national　literature　has　come　to　such　a　pass　with　us

23、,　that　in　some　sense　we　must　turn　bullies,　else　the　day　is　lost,　or　superiority　so　far　beyond　us,　that　we　can　hardly　say　it　will　ever　be　ours.,２２,22 "by　doing…"結(jié)構(gòu)。這個結(jié)構(gòu)的意思是"通過（做）……"，但翻譯實(shí)踐中不能拘泥于這種釋義，不少情

24、況下需要靈活變通。 　　The　hippos,　by　depositing　dung　in　the　water,　fed　the　fish　that　support　the　storks　that　destroy　the　rare　trees.,２３,23下面例句為一倒裝句，主語很長，而且又含有非常復(fù)雜的句型。這是以形容詞作表語的倒裝，翻譯實(shí)踐中多把倒裝部分譯到最前面。 　　No　less　obvious　is　

25、the　fact　there　are　great　numbers　of　people　so　constituted　or　so　brought　up　that　they　cannot　get　so　much　pleasure　out　of　processes　and　experiences　resulting　in　a　poorer　life　less　full　of　meaning.,２４,"what…of"句型&

26、#160;　　I　can　not　say　of　myself　what　Johnson　said　of　Pope:　He　never　passed　a　fault　unamended　by　indifference,　nor　quitted　it　by　despair.　I　do　not　write　as　I　do;　I　write　as　I　can.,２５,英語的一個習(xí)慣用法是：當(dāng)否定謂語think（believe）時，實(shí)際上是否定

27、其后面的賓語從句。否定就落在賓語從句上。這樣賓語從句就變成了雙重否定，譯時可以按雙重否定譯，也可按肯定來譯。 It　is　a　valuable　work.　I　do　not　think　anyone　writes　so　well　that　he　cannot　learn　much　from　it.,２６,"to　have　not…(as)　to　see…"中的不定式也有否定意味。 　　He　h

28、ad　not　the　good　breeding　to　see　that　simplicity　and　naturalness　are　the　truest　marks　of　distinction.,２７,"It　occurred　to　sb.　that…"意為"突然想到"，"It　dawned　on　sb.that…"."突然想起"等?！木涫窍肫鸬膬?nèi)容

29、。I　remember　once　being　on　a　bus　and　looking　at　a　stranger.　He　suddenly　looked　back　at　me-i.e.our　eyes　met.　My　instinctive　reaction　was　to　avert　my　gaze.　It　occurred　to　me　that　if　I　had　continued　to　maintain　eye　contact,

30、　I　would　have　been　rude　and　aggressive.,２８,"It　follows　that…"="It　happens　as　a　result…"常常被譯為"由此可見"，"因此"，"從前"，"可以推斷"等等。 　　It　follows　that　the　housewife　wil

31、l　also　expect　to　be　able　to　have　more　leisure　in　her　life　without　lowering　her　standard　of　living.　It　also　follows　that　human　domestic　servants　will　have　completely　ceased　to　exist.,２９,"that’s　all　there　is　to　it　&qu

32、ot;，意思是"也不過如此而已"?？筛鶕?jù)上下文視情況處理。 　　If　I’m　touched,　I’m　touched-that’s　all　there　is　to　it.,３０,"The　chances　are　that…"是一句型，譯為"有可能……"。 　　The　chances　are　you　will　never　attempt　that　spe

33、ed　with　poetry　or　want　to　race　though　some　passages　in　fiction　over　which　you　wish　to　linger.,３１,Feel,　see,　leave引起賓語的賓語補(bǔ)足語，或在被動語態(tài)中引起主語補(bǔ)足語的某些慣用句型，有時see和feel這兩個詞的被動式不大好譯。遇到這種情況應(yīng)挖掘其深層含義，不要拘泥于表面形式。 　　The　education　of　

34、the　young　is　seen　to　be　of　primary　importance.,３２,某此以no,　nowhere,　never,　not…bout,　not…any,　nothing　but,　hardly,　scarcely,　seldom等否定詞語引出的一些結(jié)構(gòu)。 　　I　never　go　past　the　theatre　but　I　think　of　his　last　performance.,３３,某

35、些用choice　between,　to　know　better,　whether　or,　should　have　avoided(或done　better)等表示從兩種做法中選取一種更好的做法 Then　we　are　faced　with　a　choice　between　using　technology　to　provide　and　fulfil　needs　which　have　hitherto　been　regarde

36、d　as　unnecessary　or,　on　the　other　hand,　using　technology　to　reduce　the　number　of　hours　of　work　which　a　man　must　do　in　order　to　earn　a　given　standard　of ｌｉｖｉｎｇ．,３４,某些省略情況，應(yīng)清單確認(rèn)省略的內(nèi)容。 　　The　country　had　grown　rich,　it

37、s　commerce　was　large,　and　wealth　did　its　natural　work　in　making　life　softer　and　more　worldly,　commerce　in　deprovincializing　the　minds　of　those　engaged　in　it,３５,修飾成分（包括定語、定語從句、同位語從句等）多而長。 　　Across　the　court　from　the

38、　Manhattan　apartment　that　I　have　occupied　for　the　past　few　years　is　a　dog　that　often　hurls　insults　into　the　darkness,　a　few　of　which　my　dog　refuses　to　accept　and　makes　a　tart　reply.,３６,一些外位語，所謂外位修飾，指從句子結(jié)構(gòu)和內(nèi)容上不起主要信息表達(dá)功能的部

39、分。其作用是從語氣和連接上下文等方面進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充。在翻譯成漢語時，往往可獨(dú)立成句，外形上不保留修飾的痕跡。 Of　course,　nobody　was　hurt　this　time,　because　we　had　all　been　to　dinner,　none　of　us　being　novices　excepting　Hastings;　and　he　having　been　informed　by　the　minister