單片機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)外文翻譯--單片機(jī)的休眠運(yùn)算復(fù)位和抗干擾能力完善

1、<p><b>　　外文資料翻譯</b></p><p>　　單片機(jī)的休眠運(yùn)算復(fù)位和抗干擾能力完善</p><p><b>　　摘要：</b></p><p>　　介紹了一種通過(guò)運(yùn)算復(fù)位來(lái)改善抗干擾能力的重復(fù)使用的單片機(jī)，分析其適用范圍，提供和分析其所使用的電路，結(jié)合實(shí)例分析在某些運(yùn)行方式下的軟硬件設(shè)計(jì)。<

2、/p><p>　　關(guān)鍵詞： 單片機(jī)復(fù)位，休眠，反干擾</p><p><b>　　前言：</b></p><p>　　隨著微電子技術(shù)迅速發(fā)展，單片機(jī)性能也得到迅速提高。智能維護(hù)邏輯控制電路取代了以往的測(cè)量電路的數(shù)字邏輯控制電路，并將其發(fā)展。這操作被擴(kuò)展到更大的范圍，并得到廣泛使用。因?yàn)樗邢到y(tǒng)的停頓，所以運(yùn)行程序有致命缺陷在許多重要場(chǎng)合受到限制。很

3、多反干擾技術(shù)（例如有軟件隔欄；將硬件的接口放入狗的電路中等等）可以使這一問(wèn)題的到很好的解決，但仍然存在著問(wèn)題：① 連接狗的電路運(yùn)行時(shí)好時(shí)壞，這是在某些場(chǎng)合是不允許的。② 程序時(shí)常出現(xiàn)很多電路錯(cuò)誤，僅僅是狗的連接環(huán)節(jié)也會(huì)時(shí)常出現(xiàn)無(wú)法識(shí)別的錯(cuò)誤。③ 在測(cè)量和控制周期之間的時(shí)間長(zhǎng)時(shí)，單片機(jī)要花費(fèi)大量時(shí)間等待周邊其他硬件，在運(yùn)算處理等待命令時(shí)它將會(huì)受到太多的干擾，對(duì)于這些情況，在實(shí)踐中我們已經(jīng)嘗試過(guò)主動(dòng)復(fù)位的方法，采用后續(xù)脈沖外界條件觸發(fā)單片機(jī)

4、工作。在每次復(fù)位后單片機(jī)將進(jìn)行相應(yīng)的程序，執(zhí)行命令后立即進(jìn)入休眠，為下次復(fù)位做好準(zhǔn)備，用此種方法很好的解決了上述的問(wèn)題，在農(nóng)業(yè)電壓互感器綜合保護(hù)裝置實(shí)驗(yàn)中得到很好的效果。現(xiàn)在用51系列單片機(jī)作為一個(gè)例子，并具體探討高電平復(fù)位的原理和實(shí)施方法。</p><p>　　1. 原理和實(shí)施方法</p><p><b>　　無(wú)條件定期復(fù)位</b></p><p

5、>　　使用定時(shí)器，專用時(shí)鐘芯片或其它脈沖發(fā)生器在某一部分定期產(chǎn)生復(fù)位信號(hào)。這種方法尤其適合于測(cè)量?jī)x器。在這種運(yùn)行中，模擬量通過(guò)A/D轉(zhuǎn)換器后并將其存入顯示。這當(dāng)然是非?？斓?，但在穩(wěn)定的運(yùn)行中，數(shù)據(jù)每秒只有1-2倍的提高，在大量的時(shí)間內(nèi)CPU是用來(lái)等待讓CPU的工作并工作后進(jìn)入休眠，復(fù)位和外界條件觸發(fā)CPU執(zhí)行下次指令，這就是復(fù)位，這樣才能使抗干擾能力大大加強(qiáng)。其有兩個(gè)主要內(nèi)容：① 在休眠（程序停止運(yùn)行）時(shí)可以出現(xiàn)CP機(jī)指示無(wú)序的程

6、序。工作時(shí)間與休眠時(shí)間比例為1：9，那就是說(shuō)1秒內(nèi)有0.1秒時(shí)間是用于測(cè)量，傳送，顯示，有0.9秒時(shí)間是休眠。這概率也就是說(shuō)一程序在全速運(yùn)行時(shí)間只有十分之一的干涉時(shí)間，整個(gè)抗干擾能力提高十倍。② 因?yàn)槭敲棵氲膹?fù)位，一旦無(wú)條件或目前的工作運(yùn)行停止，下一個(gè)周期一定能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)恢復(fù)復(fù)位。至于唯一的數(shù)據(jù)顯示，雖然有些讀入數(shù)據(jù)在1秒內(nèi)出現(xiàn)錯(cuò)誤但對(duì)下次測(cè)量沒(méi)有影響或可以承受的都屬于可忽略的錯(cuò)誤。這種復(fù)位的好處是狗的電路在定期控制著。首先，改工作到休眠狀

7、態(tài)的時(shí)間，并有可能干預(yù)，二是可以避免發(fā)生該狗門(mén)電路的控制導(dǎo)致接口連接不暢。</p><p><b>　　外部條件復(fù)位法</b></p><p>　　部分進(jìn)入是由外界控制的，舉例來(lái)說(shuō)，加熱升溫供暖的旋轉(zhuǎn)脈沖產(chǎn)生，并計(jì)算有熱水車(chē)輪產(chǎn)生的熱量，沒(méi)有熱水流量也沒(méi)有熱出口量時(shí)中央處理器只需要在事實(shí)上使用的數(shù)值，也不用計(jì)數(shù)?？梢韵胂鬅崴?chē)輪轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)時(shí)保持溫度，CPU空閑，它可能會(huì)有高

8、溫情況，如果讓其有休眠情況，并衡量水車(chē)脈沖不間斷，其反干擾能力可以得到大大的加強(qiáng)。所以，只要把復(fù)位的脈沖水車(chē)輪和CPU連接其來(lái)，水車(chē)輪每轉(zhuǎn)一圈CPU復(fù)位一次，供暖才能正常進(jìn)行，這就是復(fù)位法的外部條件。類似的專利申請(qǐng)有一半是電子電度表，正當(dāng)機(jī)械程度車(chē)輪和轉(zhuǎn)移到一個(gè)循環(huán)時(shí)用戶不需要用電，此時(shí)中央處理器已經(jīng)知道所有的休眠時(shí)間。該復(fù)位無(wú)規(guī)律間隔出現(xiàn)，但它被證實(shí)了是有根據(jù)的外部條件方法。在某些場(chǎng)合，時(shí)間的休眠會(huì)很長(zhǎng)，但更有效的提高了抗干擾能力。&

9、lt;/p><p>　　2. 硬件的具體主要點(diǎn)</p><p>　　2.1 定期無(wú)條件復(fù)位</p><p>　　一般有兩種方法：① 使用定時(shí)器或特殊用途的時(shí)鐘芯片來(lái)復(fù)位或使用由555電路組成的時(shí)鐘電路可以使用時(shí)鐘芯片的X1126等設(shè)立預(yù)警時(shí)間后通過(guò)報(bào)警信號(hào)喚醒CPU。這種方法適用于間隔時(shí)間比較長(zhǎng)的情況下，還可以按照對(duì)這次行動(dòng)結(jié)果，快速確定下次喚醒的時(shí)間，非常靈活方便②

10、信號(hào)的固定使用制度是為降低脈沖定時(shí)性。50Hz電力使用后已經(jīng)省略定時(shí)器，在同一時(shí)間內(nèi)聚結(jié)相應(yīng)的信號(hào)相位，其中包括測(cè)量電流信號(hào)。</p><p>　　2.2 外部條件復(fù)位</p><p>　　發(fā)送外部條件脈沖復(fù)位后立刻有了新的進(jìn)展。在這上面提到的水車(chē)輪或電流表產(chǎn)生脈沖也可以使用施密特的觸發(fā)代替會(huì)有個(gè)新的效果?？梢岳么翱诒容^器得到儀器的最大最小值。為了實(shí)現(xiàn)電子化即規(guī)范，可以使用電子電氣設(shè)備的

11、潛力，也可以通過(guò)常規(guī)單片機(jī)來(lái)制定上限下限。</p><p>　　2.3 在日常生活中減少周期和復(fù)位的用電量</p><p>　　復(fù)位信號(hào)在高層次的TR和單片機(jī)是在程序不運(yùn)行時(shí)抗干擾能力是最強(qiáng)的，之后高層次的單片機(jī)開(kāi)始進(jìn)行執(zhí)行程序。這就是說(shuō)，復(fù)位也適合在這一段程序的低層次TD信號(hào)進(jìn)行，這個(gè)時(shí)候時(shí)間應(yīng)該大于執(zhí)行周期的每個(gè)程序時(shí)間。這是復(fù)位周期的復(fù)位高電平采取占空比的非常重要的選擇理由。以簡(jiǎn)單的

12、顯示工具來(lái)確定復(fù)位周期數(shù)據(jù)打破原周期，低電平就是它的措施，有時(shí)其會(huì)超過(guò)平常任何時(shí)候所表現(xiàn)出來(lái)的數(shù)據(jù)，否則目前完整執(zhí)行計(jì)劃永遠(yuǎn)是錯(cuò)的。單片集成電路在TS和TR時(shí)期里都可以有效的抗干擾，但最好是不必要的時(shí)間安排TR。當(dāng)程序的時(shí)間很長(zhǎng)，盡量要求降低TR，可以加入電路鑒別。</p><p>　　2.4 具有電力測(cè)量，手動(dòng)復(fù)位</p><p>　　有些系統(tǒng)在它初始化和運(yùn)行時(shí)還是需要第一次電脈沖。復(fù)位

13、造成一開(kāi)始正常運(yùn)行的狀況，對(duì)每個(gè)時(shí)間而采用的復(fù)位方法來(lái)說(shuō)，它是無(wú)法識(shí)別第一次電脈沖的。在復(fù)位后測(cè)量這些引腳如果第一次測(cè)量是低電平則一些引腳是連接電容后接地。給系統(tǒng)設(shè)置一個(gè)復(fù)位按鈕，那就是說(shuō)一個(gè)共同的復(fù)位，此按鈕是不是加入復(fù)位，要看最后并聯(lián)在電容兩端的引腳接地情況。</p><p><b>　　結(jié)果：</b></p><p>　　反干擾是電子設(shè)計(jì)中的重要問(wèn)題，尤其是在單

14、片機(jī)中。這是因?yàn)閱纹瑱C(jī)程序運(yùn)行的特殊性所導(dǎo)致的。干涉可能導(dǎo)致該系統(tǒng)停止運(yùn)行，也可能引發(fā)個(gè)種錯(cuò)誤或非法轉(zhuǎn)移，使整個(gè)系統(tǒng)產(chǎn)生死機(jī)的錯(cuò)誤。就這么一說(shuō)對(duì)單片機(jī)整個(gè)發(fā)展來(lái)說(shuō)是不夠的，我們要研究如何降低干擾風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，使它完善以減少不必要的錯(cuò)誤。這文章只是充當(dāng)一些探索，從這兩個(gè)方面努力，希望這些小小的建議，可以發(fā)揮一些效果，鑄造拋磚引玉，幫助大家，也希望每為同時(shí)共同探討，提高我們?cè)O(shè)計(jì)水平。</p><p>　　來(lái)源與中國(guó)知網(wǎng)：ht

15、tp://www.cnki.net/index.htm</p><p>　　Dormancy of the one-chip computer---restore to the</p><p>　　throne in the operation way and improve anti- interference ability</p><p>　　Abstract

16、: </p><p>　　Introduce a kind of dormancy of using- restore to the throne in theoperation way and improve the anti-interference ability method of the one-chip computer;Analyse its scope of application, provid

17、e and use the circuit concretly; Combine the instance, analyse the characteristic of the hardware and software design under these kind of operation way[11].</p><p><b>　　Keyword:</b></p>&l

18、t;p>　　One-chip computer Restore to the throne /dormancy anti-interference </p><p>　　Introduction: </p><p>　　With the development at full speed of the microelectric technique, the performance

19、of the one-chip computer improves rapidly, demonstrate the outstanding advantage in the operation, logic control, intelligent respect, replaced and enlarged the measuring that the circuit made up, control circuit by digi

20、tal logical circuit, operation originally to a great extent, use very extensivly. But because it have system halted, procedure run critical defect of flying etc, make it limit in a lot of important</p><p>　　

21、1. A principle and implementation method </p><p>　　Restored to the throne the law regularly unconditionally Use timer</p><p>　　Special-purpose clock chip or other pulse generator, produce signa

22、l of restoring to the throne regularly according to interval that set for. This kind of method is especially suitable for the measuring instrument. In not running actually, sample the analog quantity of introduction with

23、 A/D converter often, then store showing. This course is very fast, but steady for reading, the data per second are only upgraded 1 -2 times, a large amount of time of CPU is used for waiting. Let CPU carry out and</p

24、><p>　　The external condition is restored to the throne the law </p><p>　　Some arrival that export or measure is controlled by the outside. For instance, the hot form of heating, rotate the pulse p

25、roduced and calculate heat by hot water water wheels, there is no hot water to flow, there is no heat to export, CPU only need in fact keep number value, do not need to count. Can imagine hot water water wheels rotate wh

26、en parking warm , CPU idle in will it be will it be one season autumn spring and summer, If let dormancy its , measure have water wheels pulse constantly, an</p><p>　　2 . The hardware realizes the main point

27、 </p><p>　　2.1 Restored to the throne regularly unconditionally</p><p>　　Generally have 2 kinds of methods. ① Use theitimer or the special-purpose clock chip to be restored to the throne. Fig1,

28、in order to use the timing circuit that 555 circuit makes up; Can use the clock chips of X1126 ,etc too , wake CPU up with the alarm signal after setting up warning time. This kind of method is suitable when the long int

29、erval is made, can also follow the result of this operation ，determine to wake time up in alarm next time temporarily, very flexible and convenient. ② The sign</p><p>　　2.2 External conditions are restored t

30、o the throne</p><p>　　Send external condition pulse to and is restored to the throne the end son after having a facelift. To that above-mentioned water wheels or the ammeter spend a pulse produced, can use S

31、chmitt's trigger to have a facelift; For writing down the instrument of the biggest or minimum，can use the window comparator. In order to realize the electronization that is regulated，can use the electronic electric

32、potential device, establish upper and lower limits with the order of the one-chip computer. </p><p>　　2.3 Reduce cycle and restored to the throne the high electricity at ordinary times </p><p>　

33、　In Fig3, restored to the throne the signal during high level Tr, the one-chip computer is in the state of restoring to the throne, the procedure does not run, anti-interference ability is the strongest; After the high l

34、evel, the one-chip computer begins to hold the conduct procedure. That is to say, are restored to the throne and suitable for the time that the procedure carries out during the low level Td of the signal, this time shoul

35、d be greater than the execution cycle of the procedure each t</p><p>　　2.4 Has the electricity to measure and restore to the throne manually </p><p>　　Some system is it make some initialize and

36、operate to want at electricity for the first time. Restored to the throne and already become the beginning condition of normal running each time while adopting the way of restoring to the throne to run , it is unable to

37、distinguish and have the electricity for the first time. In some pin connects the electric capacity of one ljIF to the ground, measure this pin after being restored to the throne, if low level to have electricity for the

38、 first time. Give</p><p><b>　　Result: </b></p><p>　　Conclusion Anti-interference is an important problem in an electronic design, especially Important in the one-chip computer. This

39、is because the one-chip computer has procedures to run particularity that flies, the consequence that it is interfered may be the system halted, may send out various kinds of mistakes or illegal movements before the syst

40、em halted too, make the whole system produce the mortality mistake. So, only guarantee it is not enough yet for one-chip computer not to crash, study </p><p>　　來(lái)源與中國(guó)知網(wǎng)：http://www.cnki.net/index.htm</p>