單片機(jī)外文翻譯----基于msp430f149單片機(jī)實(shí)現(xiàn)的步進(jìn)電機(jī)通用控制器

1、<p>　　Step of electric machine universal controller realizes which based on the MSP430F149 Single Chip Microcomputer.</p><p>　　Abstract：With the infiltration in the social field of the computer in recen

2、t years, the application of the one-chip computer is moving towards deepening constantly, drive tradition is it measure crescent benefit to upgrade day to control at the same time. In measuring in real time and automatic

3、ally controlled one-chip computer application system, the one-chip computer often uses as a key part, only one-chip computer respect knowledge is not enough, should also follow the structure of the concret</p><

4、;p>　　This article mainly introduced realizes a step of machine universal controller based on the MSP430F149 monolithic integrated circuit. This controller may simultaneously control the multi-tablecloths machine accor

5、ding to the curve way movement, including adds and subtracts fast, the localization and the commutation function and so on. In the article discussed with emphasis step machine has risen to low the speed and the curve des

6、ign proposal and its the realization method.</p><p>　　1. a preface：</p><p>　　based on the step of machine control system, except step machine generally also needs the special actuation power sou

7、rce, actuates the power source merely to complete the power actuation part, the user certainly cannot cause the entire control system according to prearrange, the expectation active status movement, must control to its a

8、ctuation power source, the user needs to develop once more.</p><p>　　In view of this, has designed a step of machine universal controller which realizes based on the MSP430F149 monolithic integrated circuit,

9、 may satisfy the majority controlling</p><p>　　field originally request. The controller main function is:</p><p>　　(1) May control the multi- wraps step of machine actuation system; At present m

10、ay simultaneously control 3 sets of systems.</p><p>　　(2) work way is flexible, may according to the hypothesis curve movement, the curve most reach 8 sections; May according to the control signal movement w

11、hich exterior examines; May according to the simulation adjustment test function movement;</p><p>　　2. Systems designs</p><p>　　2.1 systems structure </p><p>　　This controller has m

12、ainly realized thematic- tablecloths machine in the multistage curve operating control.</p><p>　　2.2 microprocessors choice </p><p>　　This design has selected MSP which Incorporation produces se

13、ries monolithic integrated circuit MSP430F149.The goal is applies its rich connection resources and the formidable timer function, the MSP430F149 performance characteristic as follows:</p><p>　　(1) 6 eight b

14、it parallel connections; Definitely may realize this system all signals input, the output, does not need the hardware to expand, P1, the P2 eight bit parallel ports each mouth line all has the severance function, softly

15、causes the keyboard, the hardware design to change is extremely simple.</p><p>　　(2) 12 A/D switch ADC; Completes the simulation hypothesis function.</p><p>　　(3) Formidable timer function; TIME

16、R-A3, TIMER-B7 respectively be have3 and 7 captures/compares the register 16 timers, may satisfy the system speed the hypothesis and the curve fixed time request. </p><p>　　(4)Liquid crystal actuation module

17、; </p><p>　　(5) In sets at 2KB RAM, 60KB FLASH;</p><p>　　MSP430F149 provides the rich resources, the periphery hardware expands only must do the very few work, not only designs changes extremely

18、 imply, and moreover this controller volume small, the reliability is high.</p><p>　　2.3 steps of machine starting and add/decelerate the control plan </p><p>　　The step of motive highest start

19、ing frequency (step frequency) generally is 0.1KHz arrives 3-4KHz, but the highest movement frequency may achieve N*102 KHz. Surpasses the highest starting frequency the frequency direct-on starting, will appear\" F

20、alls out of step \" Phenomenon, even is unable to start.</p><p>　　The more ideal starting curve should be according to the index rule starting. But the practical application to starts the section proces

21、sing to be possible to use according to the fitting a straight</p><p>　　Line method, namely \" Steps and ladders law \”. May according to two kind of situations processing, (1) known frequency press the

22、 frequency partition to start, the partition counts n=f/f q.</p><p>　　(2) Unknown frequency, then to assigns according to the section. Uses \" Steps and ladders law \" Continuously raises the speed

23、 the speed which needs, then locking, according to pre-placed curve movement. Fitting the starting frequency, after each section of frequencies hand over the increase (to call steps and ladders frequency) △ f=f/8, namely

24、 uses 8 sections of fitting. In the operating control process, (frequency) divides into the outset speed n minute achievement steps and ladders frequency</p><p>　　2.4 steps of machine commutation questions&l

25、t;/p><p>　　Step of machine commutation, certainly must stop in the electrical machinery or fall commutates again to the frequency range in, in order to avoid has a bigger impact to damage the electrical machine

26、ry. The commutation signal certainly must last the CP pulse finish after the preceding direction as well as in front of the next direction first CP pulse sent out in some high speed under, the reverse cut essence has con

27、tained -> the commutation -> three processes</p><p>　　2.5 speeds and the timer starting value transformation</p><p>　　This system speed control is the dependence fixed time produces; the

28、 hypothesis speed which the CP pulse completes with has the CP pulse timer starting value to have the certain relations. The MSP430F149 timer work way has many kinds of, this design timer work under continual way. In the

29、 continual pattern, the timer starts from its current value to count, after counts to 0FFFFH from \" 0\" Starts redo count. Under this way, compares the timer current value and comparison register CCRX, if equa

30、l </p><p>　　Fixed time the starting value = must fixed time the value/count the cycle; Often assigns regarding the step of machine its speed value by the frequency form, such as movement under 20KHZ, theref

31、ore the previous type may transform is: Fixed time the starting value = counts the frequency/speed value. (Counts frequency for system clock frequency)</p><p>　　3. Concluding </p><p>　　Remark th

32、is controller may realize step machine under the multistage hypothesis curve operating control, has the hardware simply, the reliable high characteristic, has used in on the electric wire production line platoon line co

33、ntrol section it, has obtained the satisfying effect. This topic funds the project for the north industry big school scientific research foundation.</p><p><b>　　譯文</b></p><p>　　基于MSP

34、430F149單片機(jī)實(shí)現(xiàn)的步進(jìn)電機(jī)通用控制器。</p><p><b>　　摘要：</b></p><p>　　近年來隨著計(jì)算機(jī)在社會(huì)領(lǐng)域的滲透, 單片機(jī)的應(yīng)用正在不斷地走向深入，同時(shí)帶動(dòng)傳統(tǒng)控制檢測日新月益更新。在實(shí)時(shí)檢測和自動(dòng)控制的單片機(jī)應(yīng)用系統(tǒng)中，單片機(jī)往往是作為一個(gè)核心部件來使用，僅單片機(jī)方面知識(shí)是不夠的，還應(yīng)根據(jù)具體硬件結(jié)構(gòu)，以及針對(duì)具體應(yīng)用對(duì)象特點(diǎn)的軟件結(jié)

35、合，以作完善。</p><p>　　本文主要介紹了基于MSP430F149單片機(jī)實(shí)現(xiàn)的步進(jìn)電機(jī)通用控制器。該控制器可同時(shí)控制多臺(tái)步進(jìn)電機(jī)按曲線方式運(yùn)行，包括加減速、定位及換向功能等。文中重點(diǎn)探討了步進(jìn)電機(jī)升降速曲線的設(shè)計(jì)方案及其實(shí)現(xiàn)方法。</p><p>　　關(guān)鍵詞：MSP430F149，單片機(jī)，步進(jìn)電機(jī)，通用控制器</p><p>　　1.前言 基于步進(jìn)電

36、機(jī)的控制系統(tǒng)，除了步進(jìn)電機(jī)一般還需要專門的驅(qū)動(dòng)電源，驅(qū)動(dòng)</p><p>　　源僅僅完成功率驅(qū)動(dòng)部分，用戶并不能使整個(gè)控制系統(tǒng)按預(yù)定的、期望的工作狀</p><p>　　態(tài)運(yùn)行，必須對(duì)它的驅(qū)動(dòng)電源予以控制，用戶需要再次開發(fā)。</p><p>　　鑒于此，設(shè)計(jì)了基于MSP430F149單片機(jī)實(shí)現(xiàn)的步進(jìn)電機(jī)通用控制器，可以滿足大多數(shù)控制場合下的要求。控制器的主要功能為：

37、</p><p>　　① 可控制多套步進(jìn)電機(jī)驅(qū)動(dòng)系統(tǒng)；目前可同時(shí)控制3套系統(tǒng)。</p><p>　?、?工作方式靈活，可按設(shè)定的曲線運(yùn)行，曲線最多達(dá)8段；可按外部檢測到的控制信號(hào)運(yùn)行；可按模擬調(diào)節(jié)測試功能運(yùn)行；</p><p><b>　　2．系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)</b></p><p><b>　　2.1系統(tǒng)的結(jié)構(gòu)&l

38、t;/b></p><p>　　2.2微處理器的選擇</p><p>　　本設(shè)計(jì)選用了TI公司所生產(chǎn)的MSP系列單片機(jī)MSP430F149。目的是應(yīng)用其豐富的接口資源和強(qiáng)大的定時(shí)器功能，MSP430F149的性能特點(diǎn)如下：</p><p>　?。?）6個(gè)八位并行接口；完全可以實(shí)現(xiàn)該系統(tǒng)所有信號(hào)的輸入、輸出，無須硬件擴(kuò)展，其中P1、P2八位并行端口的每根口線都具

39、有中斷功能，使鍵盤的軟、硬件設(shè)計(jì)變的非常簡單。</p><p>　?。?）12位A/D轉(zhuǎn)換器ADC；完成模擬設(shè)定功能。</p><p>　?。?）強(qiáng)大的定時(shí)器功能；TIMER-A3、TIMER-B7分別為帶有3個(gè)和7個(gè)捕捉/比較寄存器的16位定時(shí)器，可以滿足系統(tǒng)速度的設(shè)定及曲線定時(shí)的要求。</p><p>　?。?）液晶驅(qū)動(dòng)模塊；</p><p&

40、gt;　?。?）內(nèi)置2KB RAM、60KB的FLASH；</p><p>　　MSP430F149所提供的豐富資源，外圍硬件擴(kuò)展只需做很少的工作，不僅設(shè)計(jì)變得非常簡單，而且該控制器體積小、可靠性高。</p><p>　　2.3步進(jìn)電機(jī)起動(dòng)及加/減速控制方案</p><p>　　步進(jìn)電動(dòng)機(jī)的最高起動(dòng)頻率（突跳頻率）一般為0.1KHz到3-4KHz，而最高運(yùn)行頻率則可

41、以達(dá)到N*102 KHz。以超過最高起動(dòng)頻率的頻率直接起動(dòng)，將出現(xiàn)"失步"現(xiàn)象，甚至無法起動(dòng)。較為理想的起動(dòng)曲線，應(yīng)是按指數(shù)規(guī)律起動(dòng)。但實(shí)際應(yīng)用對(duì)起動(dòng)段的處理可采用按直線擬合的方法，即"階梯升速法"。可按兩種情況處理，①已知突跳頻率則按突跳頻率分段起動(dòng)，分段數(shù)n=f/fq。②未知突跳頻率，則按段擬合至給定的起動(dòng)頻率，每段頻率的遞增量（后稱階梯頻率）△f=f/8,即采用8段擬合。在運(yùn)行控制過程中，將

42、起始的速度（頻率）分為n分作為階梯頻率，采用"階梯升速法"將速度連續(xù)升到所需要的速度，然后鎖定，按預(yù)置的曲線運(yùn)行。</p><p>　　2.4步進(jìn)電機(jī)的換向問題</p><p>　　步進(jìn)電機(jī)換向時(shí)，一定要在電機(jī)降速停止或降到突跳頻率范圍之內(nèi)再換向，以免產(chǎn)生較大的沖擊而損壞電機(jī)。換向信號(hào)一定要在前一個(gè)方向的最后一個(gè)CP脈沖結(jié)束后以及下一個(gè)方向的第一個(gè)CP脈沖前發(fā)出<

43、/p><p>　　在某一高速下的正、反向切換實(shí)質(zhì)包含了降速→換向→升速三個(gè)過程。 </p><p>　　2.5速度與定時(shí)器初值的轉(zhuǎn)換</p><p>　　本系統(tǒng)的速度控制是依靠定時(shí)產(chǎn)生CP脈沖來完成的，設(shè)定的速度與產(chǎn)生CP脈沖的定時(shí)器初值間存在一定關(guān)系。MSP430F149定時(shí)器的工作方式有多種，本設(shè)計(jì)定時(shí)器工作在連續(xù)方式下。在連續(xù)模式，定時(shí)器從它的當(dāng)前值開始計(jì)數(shù)，當(dāng)計(jì)

44、到0FFFFH后又從"0"開始重新計(jì)數(shù)。在該方式下，將定時(shí)器的當(dāng)前值和比較寄存器CCRX相比較，如相等則產(chǎn)生中斷，并在該中斷服務(wù)程序中可以將下一個(gè)事件發(fā)生的時(shí)間加到比較寄存器CCRX上。</p><p>　　定時(shí)初值=所需定時(shí)值/計(jì)數(shù)周期；對(duì)于步進(jìn)電機(jī)其速度值常以頻率形式給定，諸如運(yùn)行在20KHZ下，因此上式可轉(zhuǎn)換為：定時(shí)初值=計(jì)數(shù)頻率/速度值。（其中計(jì)數(shù)頻率為系統(tǒng)時(shí)鐘頻率）</p>