簡(jiǎn)介：中文中文4300字畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）譯文題目基于C語(yǔ)言的MIS程序庫(kù)設(shè)計(jì)學(xué)生姓名學(xué)號(hào)專業(yè)物聯(lián)網(wǎng)班級(jí)指導(dǎo)教師評(píng)閱教師完成日期2014年12月20日第2頁(yè)共10頁(yè)統(tǒng)、DBMS和大多數(shù)的系統(tǒng)軟件，都是用C語(yǔ)言設(shè)計(jì)的。通過(guò)C語(yǔ)言設(shè)計(jì)的應(yīng)用軟件，有著大量的成功案例。這證明C語(yǔ)言對(duì)于開發(fā)像MIS這樣的應(yīng)用系統(tǒng)，也是一種合適而且強(qiáng)大的程序語(yǔ)言。事實(shí)上，通過(guò)精心選擇常用功能，以及編程使他們形成一個(gè)庫(kù)，用C語(yǔ)言設(shè)計(jì)一個(gè)MIS的有效性也能得到顯著提高。本文提到的WEB編程庫(kù)是一個(gè)很好的例子，該庫(kù)的優(yōu)點(diǎn)如下。●網(wǎng)頁(yè)編程功能。設(shè)計(jì)一個(gè)基于MIS的網(wǎng)頁(yè)，網(wǎng)頁(yè)編程是一項(xiàng)基本的要求。因此這類功能將無(wú)疑使程序員設(shè)計(jì)起來(lái)更為方便。這部分是庫(kù)的主要組成部分，它包括設(shè)置頁(yè)面風(fēng)格，顯示頁(yè)面標(biāo)題，顯示頁(yè)頭，顯示頁(yè)尾等?！癜踩卿浌δ堋?duì)于現(xiàn)今的MIS系統(tǒng)，登錄系統(tǒng)是必不可少的部分，而且系統(tǒng)的安全性必須得到保證。該功能組將提供一些有用的功能，例如CAPTCHA功能，登錄功能，COOKIE處理功能，郵件功能，密碼修改功能，和密碼獲取功能等，從而簡(jiǎn)化了安全登錄系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)?！駥?shí)用功能。能夠提供一些常用的工具，如計(jì)數(shù)器、迷你日歷、加密和編碼功能等。這將給程序員在開發(fā)中帶來(lái)一些幫助?！馛語(yǔ)言中的所有設(shè)計(jì)。通過(guò)使用C語(yǔ)言作為開發(fā)語(yǔ)言，在運(yùn)行MIS的時(shí)候，只需要二進(jìn)制對(duì)象代碼即可。這無(wú)疑增加了安全性、可靠性、可擴(kuò)展性和運(yùn)行效率。本文介紹了基于C語(yǔ)言的MIS程序庫(kù)，在設(shè)計(jì)和實(shí)施過(guò)程中的一些技術(shù)細(xì)節(jié)。包括網(wǎng)頁(yè)編程功能，安全登錄功能和實(shí)用功能，并提供了一個(gè)詳細(xì)的演示，來(lái)展現(xiàn)庫(kù)的使用和效果。IIII網(wǎng)頁(yè)創(chuàng)作功能網(wǎng)頁(yè)創(chuàng)作功能在WEB服務(wù)器和CGI程序之間的核心業(yè)務(wù)，是通過(guò)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)輸入和輸出對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行翻譯。通過(guò)CGI程序形成一個(gè)網(wǎng)頁(yè)，發(fā)送網(wǎng)頁(yè)內(nèi)容到服務(wù)器的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)輸出是一個(gè)必要的工作。由于這個(gè)頁(yè)面實(shí)際上是一個(gè)HTML文檔，標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的格式化輸出功能PRINTF就可以完成這個(gè)任務(wù)。根據(jù)CGL說(shuō)明5中，通過(guò)CGL形成的頁(yè)面，必須由兩部分組成，頁(yè)頭和主體，其中頁(yè)頭用于發(fā)送屬性信息，而主體則是通過(guò)服務(wù)器提供給客戶端實(shí)體。這兩個(gè)部分通過(guò)一個(gè)空行分開。

簡(jiǎn)介：2009ISECSINTERNATIONALCOLLOQUIUMONCOMPUTING,COMMUNICATION,CONTROL,ANDMANAGEMENT9781424442461/09/2500?2009IEEECCCM2009DESIGNANDREALIZATIONOFANINTELLIGENTACCESSCONTROLSYSTEMBASEDONVOICERECOGNITIONBOCUICOLLEGEOFINFORMATIONHEBEIPOLYTECHNICUNIVERSITYTANGSHAN,CHINAEMAILMIKECUIHEUTEDUCNTONGZEXUECOLLEGEOFINFORMATIONSCIENCEANDENGINEERINGHEBEIUNIVERSITYOFSCIENCEANDTECHNOLOGYSHIJIAZHUANG,CHINAEMAILDIANZIXINXIYEAHNETABSTRACTTHEINTELLIGENTACCESSSYSTEMADOPTSTHETECHNOLOGYOFTHEVOICERECOGNITIONTHATBASEDONTHESPCE061ASINGLECHIPTHESYSTEMHARDWAREISMADEUPOFSPCE061ASINGLECHIP,THEPOWERANDGATINGCIRCUIT,THEEXTENDEDMEMORIZERSPR4096,THEVOICEINPUTANDOUTPUTCIRCUITTHEKEYTECHNOLOGIESARETHEAPPLICATIONOFTHESPCE061ASINGLECHIPONVOICERECOGNITIONANDTHEDESIGNOFTHEDOORCONTROLCIRCUITTHESYSTEMSOFTWAREISMADEUPOFTHEVOICETRAININGMODULE,THEVOICERECOGNITIONMODULE,THEVOICEDATAPROCESSINGMODULE,THEVOICEPLAYINGMODULEANDTHECODEOFINPUTANDOUTPUTMODULETHESYSTEMCOMPLETESTHEFUNCTIONSOFCOLLECTINGTHEVOICEDATA,DISTILLINGCHARACTER,SPECIALVOICERECOGNITIONANDVOICEPLAYINGINTERMSOFINITIALIZINGTHESYSTEMANDTHEIDENTIFICATIONTRAININGACCORDINGTOTHEVOICERECOGNITIONARITHMETICTHEORY,THEPRETREATMENTOFVOICESIGNAL,THECHARACTERDISTILLINGANDPATTERNMATCHINGISANALYZEDTHERESULTSOFTHEEXPERIMENTSINDICATETHATTHESYSTEMCAPABILITYISSTEADYANDTHEIDENTIFICATIONISEFFECTIVETHESYSTEMCANBEAPPLIEDINHOUSEORSMALLOFFICESAFETYPROTECTIONKEYWORDSACCESSCONTROLLINEARPREDICTIONVOICERECOGNITIONPATTERNMATCHCHARACTERDISTILIINTRODUCTIONTHEREAREMANYIDENTIFICATIONTECHNOLOGIESUSEDINCURRENTINTELLIGENTGUARDSYSTEMRELATIVETOOTHERTECHNIQUES,THEVOICERECOGNITIONTECHNOLOGYISGENERALLYREGARDEDASONEOFTHECONVENIENTANDSAFERECOGNITIONTECHNIQUESTHISTECHNIQUEISAKINDOFTECHNIQUETHATMAKESUSEOFTHECREATURECHARACTEROFAHUMANBODYTOCARRYONIDENTIFICATIONBECAUSEEVERYBODYSCREATURECHARACTERISUNIQUEANDSTABLEINACERTAINPERIOD,THEYAREDIFFERENTFROMOTHERSANDDIFFICULTTOBEFABRICATEDANDIMITATEDSOTHEVOICERECOGNITIONTECHNOLOGYCANBEMADEUSEOFIDENTIFICATION,WHICHISSAFE,ACCURATEANDDEPENDABLEIITHECLASSIFICATIONOFVOICERECOGNITIONBECAUSETHEPURPOSEANDFUNCTIONOFTHEVOICERECOGNITIONAREDIFFERENT,THERECOGNITIONISCLASSIFIEDASTALKERRECOGNITIONANDVOICERECOGNITIONANDTHETALKERRECOGNITIONCANBECLASSIFIEDASTWOTYPES,ONEISRELEVANTTOTEXTANDTHEOTHERISIRRELEVANTTOTEXTTHEVOICERECOGNITIONSYSTEMTHATISRELEVANTTOTEXTNEEDSUSERSTOPRONOUNCEACCORDINGTOTHESTATEDCONTENTS,ANDTHENEVERYBODYSSPEECHMODELISBUILTUPACCURATELYBECAUSEIDENTIFICATIONALSONEEDUSERSTOPRONOUNCEACCORDINGTOTHESTATEDCONTENTS,THEEFFECTISVERYGOODTHEVOICERECOGNITIONSYSTEMTHATISIRRELEVANTTOTEXTDOESNTRULEPRONUNCIATIONCONTENTSOFTHETALKERSITISDIFFICULTTOBUILDUPSPEECHMODELSBUTCUSTOMERSMAKEUSEOFTHESYSTEMCONVENIENTLY,ANDITISAPPLIEDWIDELYFROMTHEUSAGE,THESYSTEMCANBECLASSIFIEDASTALKERRECOGNITIONANDTALKERCONFIRMATIONTHEFORMERJUDGESAVOICETHATNEEDSTOBEIDENTIFIEDFROMSEVERALTALKERSTHELATTERJUDGESTHATANIDENTIFIEDVOICECOMESFROMACERTAINTALKERWHETHERORNOTITSOUTPUTONLYHASTWOKINDSOFRESULT,YESORNOTTHECENTRALPROCESSOROFTHISSYSTEMISTHESPCE061ASINGLECHIPTHETALKERCONFIRMATIONTHATISRELEVANTTOTEXTISREALIZEDONTHECHIP,ANDTHENHOMOLOGOUSORDERANDOPERATIONARECARRIEDOUTTHESYSTEMISMAINLYMADEUPOFTALKERIDENTIFICATIONMODULE,GATINGCIRCUITANDDOORLOCKETCINTRAINING,THEVOICEOFTALKERSGETSINTOTHEVOICESIGNALCOLLECTIONCIRCUITTHROUGHAMICROPHONE,ANDTHENTHECOLLECTEDVOICESIGNALSAREPROCESSEDBYTHEVOICEPROCESSINGCIRCUIT,THECHARACTERISTICPARAMETERSOFTALKERSAREDISTILLEDANDSAVEDATLASTTHEDATABASEOFCHARACTERISTICPARAMETERSOFTALKERSISFORMEDINIDENTIFYING,THEVOICETHATNEEDSTOBEIDENTIFIEDISMATCHEDWITHTHEINFORMATIONINTHEDATABASEOFCHARACTERISTICPARAMETERSOFTALKERSOUTPUTCIRCUITSCONTROLTHEGATINGELECTRICALMACHINE,ANDLASTLYTHEDOORLOCKISCONTROLLEDFIGURE1FRAMEOFTHISSYSTEM229MOSTALIKEREFERENCETEMPLATEISFOUNDOUT,THEVOICEISTHEIDENTIFICATIONRESULTAVOICESIGNALSPRETREATMENTTHENOISESSERIOUSLYDISTURBTHEPROCESSINGANDIDENTIFICATIONOFVOICESIGNALS,SOTHENOISESMUSTBEDISPOSEDFIRSTLYTHEINPUTANALOGVOICESIGNALSFROMMICROPHONESMUSTBESAMPLEDANDMEASUREDINORDERTOOBTAINDIGITALVOICESIGNALSBEFORECONVERTINGVOICESIGNALSINTODIGITALSIGNALS,ITISNECESSARYTOFILTERANDCOUNTERDISTURBINFILTERINGTHESIGNALPARTANDNOISESBEYOND1/2SAMPLEFREQUENCYAREFILTEREDTHECLEANVOICESIGNALSAREOBTAINEDLATER,ANDTHENLOWFREQUENCYDISTURBINGISFILTEREDTHROUGHFOREAGGRAVATIONTECHNOLOGY,ESPECIALLYTHEDISTURBINGOF50HZOR60HZTHEHIGHFREQUENCYVOICESIGNALSAREIMPROVEDANDTHEYCANREMOVEDCFLOATING,RESTRAINRANDOMNOISESANDIMPROVETHEFUNCTIONOFENERGYOFCLEANVOICEBCHARACTERISTICDISTILLINGTHESYSTEMADOPTSTHEEVALUATIONMETHODTHATUSESTHECONTRASTVALUEBETWEENDISPERSIONDEGREEOFDIFFERENTSPEAKERSANDSELFDISPERSIONDEGREEOFEACHSPEAKERASCHARACTERISTICPARAMETERSTHEBASICIDEAISTODISTILLGROUPCHARACTERISTICPARAMETERSFROMAVOICESEGMENTOFTHESAMESPEAKER,THATISTOSAYTOMAPTHESEGMENTONADOTOFTHEMULTISPACEDIFFERENTVOICESFROMTHESAMESPEAKERWILLPRODUCEDIFFERENTDOTSINTHECHARACTERISTICSPACETHEFUNCTIONOFMULTIVARIABLEPROBABILITYDENSITYCANDESCRIBETHEDISTRIBUTIONFORDIFFERENTSINGLEPRONUNCIATIONFROMTHESAMESPEAKER,THESEDOTSARERELATIVELYCONCENTRATEDBUTTHEPRONUNCIATIONDISTRIBUTIONFROMDIFFERENTSPEAKERSISAPARTFARTHER,TH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簡(jiǎn)介：此文檔是畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)外文翻譯成品（含英文原文中文翻譯），無(wú)需調(diào)整復(fù)雜的格式下載之后直接可用，方便快捷本文價(jià)格不貴,也就幾十塊錢一輩子也就一次的事外文標(biāo)題COMPARATIVESTUDYOFWEBSITEPAGESIZEASDESIGNISSUEINVARIOUSWEBSITES外文作者JATINDERMANHAS文獻(xiàn)出處IJINFORMATIONENGINEERINGANDELECTRONICBUSINESS,2018,6,3339如覺(jué)得年份太老，可改為近2年，畢竟很多畢業(yè)生都這樣做英文2826單詞，16932字符字符就是印刷符，中文4473漢字。（如果字?jǐn)?shù)多了，可自行刪減，大多數(shù)學(xué)校都是要求選取外文的一部分內(nèi)容進(jìn)行翻譯的。）COMPARATIVESTUDYOFWEBSITEPAGESIZEASDESIGNISSUEINVARIOUSWEBSITESABSTRACTWEBSITESAREVERYIMPORTANTMEANSOFCOMMUNICATIONINTHISCURRENTERAOFINFORMATIONTECHNOLOGYDIFFERENTINSTITUTIONS/ORGANIZATIONSPUTLOTSOFEFFORTSTOPORTRAYCOMPLETEINFORMATIONONBEAUTIFULLYDESIGNEDWEBSITESORGANIZATIONSTHESEDAYSCONCERNEDMOREINPROVIDINGUSERSWITHALLFACILITIESONLINETHROUGHWEBSITES,WHICHACTASANINTERFACETHROUGHWHICHAUSERCANGETHISWORKDONEWITHOUTPHYSICALLYVISITINGTHEORGANIZATIONWITHTHISTHERESPONSIBILITYOFTHEDESIGNERANDTHECONCERNEDINSTITUTIONS/ORGANIZATIONSINCREASESMANIFOLDSOTHATTHEWEBSITESBEHAVIORSHOULDREMAININTERACTIVEANDQUICKENOUGHFORTHEUSERTOAVAILALLFACILITIESTHROUGHWEBSITESCOMFORTABLYSPEEDANDSIZEOFAWEBSITEAREDIRECTLYRELATEDWITHEACHOTHERSIZEISVERYIMPORTANTWHENTARGETINGUSERSTHATDON’THAVEOPTIMALINTERNETCONNECTIONSAUTHORINTHISPAPERDEVELOPEDANONLINETOOLUSINGNETFRAMEWORKUSINGCTOSTUDYWEBPAGESIZEASDESIGNISSUEINVARIOUSCATEGORIESOFTHEWEBSITESLIKEGOVERNMENT,COMMERCIAL,EDUCATIONAL,SOCIALNETWORKINGANDJOBPORTALSTHEAUTOMATEDTOOLDEVELOPEDBYAUTHORFUNCTIONONTHEBASISOFTHEDIFFERENTSTANDARDSPRESCRIBEDINW3CANDPRESCRIBEDINANALYSISPERFORMEDIN2THETOOLACTLIKEAPARSERANDRENDERSTHECOMPLETECODEOFTHEWEBSITEANDTHENPRODUCESRESULTBYEXAMININGTHEMEMORYREQUIREMENTSOFTHECOMPONENTFILESTHATCONTRIBUTETOTHETOTALSIZEOFTHEWEBSITETHERESULTSPRODUCEDSHOWSTHATOUTOFTHEFIVEDIFFERENTCATEGORIESOFWEBSITES,ITCANBECONCLUDEDTHATNONEOFTHEWEBSITECATEGORIESDETERMINESTHETOTALSIZEBYFIRSTEXTRACTINGTHEFILESOFDIFFERENTEXTENSIONSBYPARSINGTHEHTMLFILERECEIVEDFROMSERVERANDTHENCALCULATINGTHEIRINDIVIDUALSIZESBYREQUEST/RESPONSEMETHODSTHEPARSERWILLTAKEURLOFTHEWEBSITEASINPUTANDTHENSENDITTOTHESERVERANDFROMTHESERVERHTMLCODEOFTHEWEBSITEISSUPPLIEDTOTHEINTERFACEFORMAKINGCOMPARISONWITHTHEEXISTINGSTANDARDSTHEALGORITHMOFTHEAUTOMATEDTOOLDEVELOPEDISGIVENBELOWALGORITHM4FORDETERMININGTOTALSIZEINTERMSOFMEMORYREQUIREMENTSOFAWEBSITEINPUTURLOFTHEWEBSITEOUTPUTTOTALSIZEOFWEBSITEINKBSMETHODSTEPSARENUMBEREDFORBETTERUNDERSTANDABILITYBEGINSTEPIGENERATEAREQUESTFOROBTAININGHTMLFILEOFTHEWEBSITEBYPASSINGURLTOTHESERVERSTEPIIPARSETHEHTMLFILEFORVARIOUSCOMPONENTFILESONONEBYONEBASISSTEPIIIFOREACHTYPEEGIMAGE,CSSETCOFCOMPONENTFILE

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簡(jiǎn)介：USEOFVOICERECOGNITIONFORCONTROLOFAROBOTICWELDINGWORKCELLJKEVINWATSON,DOUGLASMTODD,ANDCLYDESJONES,111ABSTRACTTHISPAPERDESCRIBESWORKUNDERWAYTOEVALUATETHEEFFECTIVENESSOFVOICERECOGNITIONSYSTEMSASANELEMENTINTHECONTROLOFAROBOTICWELDINGWORKCELLFACTORSBEINGCONSIDEREDFORCONTROLINCLUDEPROGRAMEDITORACCESSSECURITYPREOPERATIONCHECKLISTREQUIREMENTS,WELDINGPROCESSVARIABLECONTROLANDROBOTMANIPULATORMOTIONOVERRIDESINTHELATTERTWOCATEGORIES,MANUALVOCALCONTROLISBEINGCOMPAREDAGAINSTMANUALTACTILECONTROLANDFULLYAUTOMATICCONTROLINTERMSOFSPEEDOFRESPONSE,ACCURACY,STABILITY,RELIABILITYANDSAFETYINTRODUCTIONVOICERECOGNITIONTECHNOLOGYISNOWRECOGNIZEDASAPOTENTIALMEANSFOREASINGTHEWORKLOADOFOPERATORSOFCOMPLEXSYSTEMS11NUMEROUSAPPLICATIONSHAVEALREADYBEENIMPLEMENTED,AREINVARIOUSSTAGESOFDEVELOPMENT,ORAREUNDERCONSIDERATION25THESEINCLUDEDATAENTRYCONTROLOFAIRCRAFTSYSTEMS,ANDVOICEIDENTIFICATIONANDVERIFICATIONFORSECURITYPURPOSESVOICECONTROLHASALSOBEENPROPOSEDFORUSEABOARDTHESPACESTATION68ONEPRIMEAREAFORAPPLICATIONWOULDBECONTROLOFSOMEFUNCTIONSOFROBOTSUSEDFORINTRAANDEXTRAVEHICULARINSPECTIONASSEMBLY,REPAIR,SATELLITERETRIEVAL,ANDSATELLITEMAINTENANCEWHENACREWMEMBERISSERVINGINASUPERVISORYCAPACITYORTHESYSTEMISOPERATINGINATELEOPERATIONMODEVOICECONTROLOFSENSORSANDPROCESSVARIABLESWOULDFREETHECREWMEMBER’SHANDSFOROTHERTASKS,SUCHASDIRECTCONTROLOROVEMDEOFTHEMANIPULATORMOTIONSIMILARLYTHEWORKLOADASSOCIATEDWITHCONTROLOFMANYONBOARDEXPERIMENTSCOULDBEEASEDTHROUGHTHEUSEOFTHISTECHNOLOGYTHISPAPERDESCRIBESTHEAPPLICATIONOFVOICERECOGNITIONFORCONTROLOFAROBOTICPRESENTEDATTHE1986IEEEINTERNATIONALCONFERENCEONSYSTEMSMAN,ANDCYBERNETICS,HELDINATLANTA,GEORGIAOCTOBER14171986JKEVINWATSONANDDOUGLASMTODDAREWITHTHEROCKETDYNEDIVISIONOFROCKWELLINTERNATIONALSUITE302227DRAKEAVENUE,SWHUNTSVILLEAL35805CLYDESJONES,UI,ISWITHNASAMARSHALLSPACEFLIGHTCENTER,AL3581216WELDINGWORKCELLTHISISACOMPLEXSYSTEMINVOLVINGINPUTSFROMMULTIPLESENSORSANDCONTROLOFAWIDEVARIETYOFROBOTMANIPULATORMOTIONSANDPROCESSVARIABLESWHILEMANYFUNCTIONSAREAUTOMATEDAHUMANOPERATORSERVESINASUPERVISORYCAPACITYREADYTOOVEMDEFUNCTIONSWJHENNECESSARYINTHEPRESENTINVESTIGATIONACOMMERCIALLYAVAILABLEVOICERECOGNITIONSYSTEMISBEINGINTEGRATEDWITHAROBOTICWELDINGWORKCELLATNASAMARSHALLSPACEFLIGHTCENTER,WHICHISUSEDASATESTBEDFOREVALUATIONANDDEVELOPMENTOFADVANCEDTECHNOLOGIESFORUSEINFABRICATIONOFTHESPACESHUTTLEMAINENGINEINTHESYSTEMUNDERDEVELOPMENT,SOMEFUNCTIONSDONOTYETHAVEAUTOMATICCLOSEDLOOPCONTROLTHUSREQUIRINGCONTINUOUSMONITORINGANDREALTIMEADJUSTMENTBYTHEHUMANOPERATORPRESENTLY,THESEOVEMDESAREINPUTTOTHESYSTEMTHROUGHTACTILECOMMANDSEPUSHINGBUTTONSTURNINGKNOBSFORPOTENTIOMETERS,ORADJUSTINGMECHANICALDEVICESSINCETHEOPERATORMONITORSTHEPROCESSPRIMARILYVISUALLY,HEMUSTEITHERLOOKAWAYFROMTHEPROCESSTOFINDTHEPROPERBUTTONORKNOBORRELYON“MUSCULARMEMORY”MUCHASATOUCHTYPISTDOESINTHEFIRSTCASE,THETIMEOFRESPONSETOADEVIANTCONDITIONMAYBEEXCESSIVEINTHESECONDCASETHEREISANINCREASEDPROBABILITYOFASECONDARYEMRBEINGINTRODUCEDBYTHEOPERATORAVOICERECOGNITIONSYSTEMCOULDREDUCETHERESPONSETIMEREQUIREDFROMTHEOPERATORTHEPROBABILITYOFPUSHINGTHEWRONGBUTTONSHOULDSIMILARLYBEREDUCEDALSO,OPERATORFATIGUESHOULDBEMINIMIZEDSINCETHEOPERATORCANCONTINUOUSLYMONITORTHEPROCESSDURINGOVEMDEINPUT,THEEFFECTOFTHECHANGECANBEOBSERVEDMOREQUICKLYTHUSIFTHEDESIREDVALUEISEXCEEDEDANDREVERSECORRECTIONISREQUIRED,ITSHOULDBEACCOMPLISHEDMOREQUICKLY,ALLOWINGLESSOVERSHOOTTHISREDUCTIONINOSCILLATIONABOUTTHEDESIREDVALUEMAKESTHESYSTEMMORESTABLEANOTHERFACTORTHATCANBEIMPROVEDISOPERATORSAFETYINASAFETYCRITICALSITUATION,THEROBOT’SOPERATIONCANBEHALTEDIMMEDIATELYBYUSEOFTHE“EMERGENCYSTOP,’’ORESTOPMODE,WHICHISINITIATED,CONVENTIONALLYBYDEPRESSINGALARGEBUTTONIFANOPERATORINADVERTENTLYFINDSHIMSELFINAHAZC2721708870600001601001987IEEEARDOUSSITUATION,ITMAYBENECESSARYFORHIMTOINITIATETHEESTOPSEQUENCESHOULDTHEOPERATORNOTBEWITHINREACHOFTHEBUTTON,HOWEVER,HEMAYBEUNABLETOTAKETHENECESSARYACTION,AND,ASARESULTCOULDSUFFERSERIOUSINJURYHAVINGTHECAPABILITYOFSTOPPINGTHEROBOTBYISSUINGAVOICECOMMANDCOULDSIGNIFICANTLYIMPROVETHEOPERATOR’SSAFETYBYENABLINGHIMTOSTOPTHEROBOTEVENWHENNOTWITHINREACHOFTHEESTOPBUTTONMANUALCORRECTIONSAREOCCASIONALLYREQUIREDTOADJUSTTHELOCATIONATWHICHTHEWELDFILLERWIREENTERSTHEWELDPOOLPROPERENTRYLOCATIONISABSOLUTELYCRITICALTOSOUNDWELDQUALITYADJUSTMENTSAREMADEEITHERBYMANUALLYADJUSTINGMECHANISMSTHATHOLDTHEWIREFEEDGUIDETUBEORBYISSUINGTACTILECOMMANDSTOASERVOMECHANISMUSEOFAVOICERECOGNITIONSYSTEMCOULDELIMINATETHENEEDFORTHEOPERATORTOPLACEHISHANDWITHINTHEWORKINGENVELOPEOFTHEROBOTENDEFFECTORORIFSERVOMECHANISMSAREEMPLOYED,COULDIMPROVESPEEDOFRESPONSEANDSTABILITYANOTHERASPECTOFROBOTOPERATIONINANINDUSTRIALENVIRONMENTTHATISVERYIMPORTANTISTHESECURITYOFAPROGRAMEDITINGCAPABILITYOFTHESYSTEMUNDERNOCIRCUMSTANCESSHOULDANYUNAUTHORIZEDPERSONBEABLETOENTERTHISPROGRAMMINGMODEANDALTERTHEROBOT’SPROGRAMAVOICERECOGNITIONSYSTEMCANPROVIDETHENECESSARYSECURITYBYALLOWINGACCESSONLYFORINDIVIDUALSWHOAREAUTHORIZEDANDWHOSEVOICESCANBEIDENTIFIEDBYTHESYSTEMBACKGROUNDROBOTICWELDINGISUNDERDEVELOPMENTBYNASAANDROCKETDYNEFORTHEAUTOMATIONOFWELDSONTHESPACESHUTTLEMAINENGINETHATAREPRESENTLYMADEMANUALLYTHEPROGRAMMABILITYOFAROBOTCANREDUCETHEPERCENTAGEOFWELDINGDEFECTSTHROUGHACOMBINATIONOFCONSISTENCYANDREPEATABILITYUNATTAINABLEBYITSHUMANCOUNTERPARTSTODOTHIS,THEROBOTISPROGRAMMEDTOANOMINALWELDPATHANDLEVELOFWELDPROCESSPARAMETERSIE,CURRENT,TRAVELSPEEDVOLTAGE,WIREADDITIONRATESOMEADJUSTMENTOFTHESEVALUESISOFTENNECESSARYDUETOCONDITIONSCHANGINGDURINGTHEWELDAHUMANMAKINGAMANUALWELDACCOMPLISHESTHISADJUSTMENTI€€€CONTROLSYSIERNSMOGOZMEASAFETYFEATURETOACCOMPLISHTHIS,THEVRCCHASBEENINTERFACEDINTOTHEWORKCELLEMERGENCYSTOPCIRCUITTHEEMERGENCYSTOPCIRCUITINTHEROBOTICWORKCELLWILLSHUTDOWNTHEWELDINGPROCESSANDTHEMECHANICALMOTIONOFTHEMANIPULATORSTHROUGHTHEUSEOFADIGITALSIGNALFROMTHEVRCC,ARELAYISENERGIZEDTHATINTERRUPTSTHENECESSARYCIRCUITSINTHEWELDPOWERSUPPLYANDROBOTCONTROLLERWITHTHEUSEOFTHEVOICERECOGNITIONSYSTEMASASAFETYCONTROLFORTHISWORKCELL,WEHAVEADDEDATHIRDLEVELOFREDUNDANCYINTOTHEEMERGENCYSTOPPINGABILITYOFTHEOPERATORINADDITIONTOTHEPRESENTEMERGENCYSTOPBUTTONSMANIPULATORMOTIONSARECONTROLLEDTHROUGHANAXISSELECTBUTTONINCONJUNCTIONWITHAPOSITIVEORNEGATIVEJOGBUTTONTHATISDEPRESSEDBYTHEOPERATORONCETHEOPERATORHASSELECTEDANAXIS,HEDEPRESSESONEOFTHEJOGBUTTONSFORTHEDESIREDTRAVELDISTANCETHISFUNCTIONWASSELECTEDTOBECONTROLLEDBYTHEVRCCBECAUSEOFITSUTILIZATIONDURINGAUTOMATICOPERATIONOFTHEMANIPULATORTOCORRECTTRAJECTORYERRORSTHECIRCUITRYNECESSARYTOCONTROLTHISOPERATIONDRAWSTHESIGNALTOGROUNDTHROUGHTHEACTIVATIONOFRELAYSFORTHEPOSITIVEORNEGATIVEJOGMOTIONBECAUSEMOTIONISACHIEVEDONLYASLONGASTHESESIGNALSAREACTIVELOWTHEYCANBECONTROLLEDBYDISCRETEDIGITALSIGNALSFROMTHEVRCCANALOGCONTROLSIGNALSTHEREAREMANYVARIABLESTHATAFFECTTHEQUALITYOFWELDDURINGTHEWELDINGPROCESSBUTTHEWELDINGCURRENTHASTHEGREATESTEFFECTOVERASMALLRANGEOFVALUESITWASFORTHISREASON,THATTHEWELDINGCURRENTWASCHOSENTOBECONTROLLEDBYTHEVOICERECOGNITIONSYSTEMTHEWELDINGPOWERSUPPLYCONTROLSTHECURRENTLEVELTHROUGHAVOLTAGECIRCUITTHATUSESARANGEOF010VDCTHESEVOLTAGEVALUESARECONVERTEDTOCURRENTLEVELSFROM0TO300AFORWELDINGADIGITALTOANALOGCONVERTERISUSEDINCONJUNCTIONWITHAMULTIPLYINGCIRCUITTHECONVERTERALLOWSTHEVRCCTOCONTROLAVOLTAGELEVELTHATISUSEDBYTHEWELDPOWERSUPPLYTOACHIEVETHEPROPERWELDINGCURRENTTHEMULTIPLIERCIRCUITISNECESSARYTOALLOWTHEWELDPOWERSUPPLYTOBECONTROLLEDBYTHEOTHERSUBCONTROLLERUSEDINTHEWORKCELLEXPERIMENTALINVESTIGATIONTHEACCURACYANDSPEEDOFRESPONSEOFCORRECTIONSTOROBOTMANIPULATORMOTIONANDWELDINGPROCESSVARIABLESMADEWITHTHEVRCCAREBEINGCOMPAREDWITHTHOSEMADEWITHTHEORIGINALCONTROLSYSTEMSTEPINPUTEMRSTOROBOTMOTIONANDWELDINGCURRENTAREINTRODUCEDRANDOMLYINTOTHEROBOTPROGRAMBYGRAPHICALLYRECORDINGRELEVANTSYSTEMOUTPUTSIGNALSTHETIMEREQUIREDFORTHEOPERATORTODETECTTHECHANGEANDINITIATECORRECTIVEACTIONMAYBEMEASUREDRESPONSEACCURACYANDSTABILITYMAYALSOBEGAGEDTHROUGHSIMILARANALYSISOFTHERELEVANTRECORDEDSYSTEMOUTPUTSIGNALSCONCLUSIONSFUTUREWORKWILLINVESTIGATEVOICECONTROLOFWELDINGFILLERWIREFEEDSPEEDANDLOCATIONOFWIREENTRYINTOTHEWELDPOOLALSOTOBEINVESTIGATEDISVOICECONTROLOFWELDINGARCVOLTAGEOVERRIDELATER,RESTRICTIONOFACCESSTOTHEROBOTPROGRAMEDITORBYVOICERECOGNITIONMAYBEIMPLEMENTEDTHEUSEOFVOICERECOGNITIONTECHNOLOGYFORMANUALSUPERVISORYCONTROLOFINDUSTRIALROBOTSYSTEMSISVERYPROMISINGTHISTECHNOLOGYHASAPPLICATIONFORAEROSPACEWELDINGDUETOTHENEEDTOHAVECONSTANTHUMANSUPERVISIONOVERAMULTITUDEOFPROCESSPARAMETERSINREALTIMEFUTUREDEVELOPMENTOFTHISTECHNOLOGYWILLPERMITRAPIDEXPANSIONOFITSAPPLICATIONTOBOTHROBOTICANDNONROBOTICPROCESSESACKNOWLEDGMENTSPECIALTHANKSTOMRJEFFHUDSONOFMARTINMARIETTACORPORATIONFORASSISTANCEINTHEPREPARATIONOFTHEILLUSTRATIONPRESENTEDINTHISARTICLEREFERENCESICASIMPSONHLEMCCAULEYEFROLLANDJCRUTHANDBHWILLIGES“SYSTEMDESIGNFORSPEECHRECOGNITIONANDGENERATION“HUTNNNFACTORSVOL27NO2PP11511119852NATIONALRESEARCHCOUNCILCOMMITTEEONCOMPUTERIZEDSPEECHRECOGNITIONTECHNOLOGIESAUTOMATICSPEECHREROP1IRIOR1INSE\EREETRIRONNTENRSNATIONALRESEARCHCOUNCIL1984ANDCOMPUTER,“QUALI8PP1617OCT39854EJLERNER“TALKINGTOYOURAIRCRAFT“AEROSPACEAMERICAVOL24NO2PP85881986SIJTMEMLIELD“BOSINGEXPLORESVOICERECOGNITIONFORFUTURETRANSPONFLIGHTDECK“ARIARINNWEEKANDSPACETECHNO/OGVOL124NO16PP859119866ACOHENANDJDERICKSON,FUTUREUSESOFMACHINEINTELLIGENCEANDROBOTICSFORTHESPACESTATIONANDIMPLICATIONSFORTHEUSECONOMYIEEEJROBOTICSANDAUTOMARIONVOLSMC16PP11112IJANIFEB1986131TWOO“VOICETHELINKBETWEENMAN7“AUTOMATIONANDROBOTICSFORTHENATIONALSPACEPROGRAM,“CALIFORNIASPACEINSTITUTEAUTOMATIONANDROBOTICSPANELCALSPACEREPONCS118501,FEB25,1985181“ADVANCINGAUTOMATIONANDROBOTICSTECHNOLOGYFORTHESPACESTATIONANDFORTHEUSECONOMY“ADVANCEDTECHNOLOGYADVISORYCOMMITTEENASATM87566MAR1985JKEVINWATSONRECEIVEDABSDEGREEINWELDINGENGINEERINGFROMTHEOHIOSTATEUNIVERSITYIN1979ANDANMSDEGREEINMATERIALSENGINEERINGFROMRENSSELAERPOLYTECHNICINSTITUTEIN1982IN1979HEJOINEDTHETECHNICALSTAFFOFTHEROCKETDYNEDIVISIONOFROCKWELLINTERNATIONAL,WORKINGINTHEDEVELOPMENTOFWELDINGBRAZING,ANDDIFFUSIONBONDINGPROCESSESFORTHESPACESHUTTLEMAINENGINESSMEADVANCEDBOOSTERS,ANDHIGHENERGYLASERSHEHASBEENTHEMANAGEROFROCKETDYNESMARSHALLSPACEFLIGHTCENTERROBOTICSSUPPORTUNITINHUNTSVILLEALABAMASINCE1984THISGROUPISWORKINGJOINTLYWITHSASATODEVELOPADAPTIVEROBOTICTECHNOLOGIESFORWELDINGFABRICATIO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簡(jiǎn)介：2950英文單詞，英文單詞，16萬(wàn)英文字符，中文萬(wàn)英文字符，中文4900字文獻(xiàn)出處文獻(xiàn)出處ERRATTAHIR,HANNANIAE,OUAHMANEHAUTOMATICSPEECHRECOGNITIONERRORSDETECTIONANDCORRECTIONAREVIEWJPROCEDIACOMPUTERSCIENCE,2018,1283237AUTOMATICSPEECHRECOGNITIONERRORSDETECTIONANDCORRECTIONAREVIEWRAHHALERRATTAHI,ASMAAELHANNANI,HASSANOUAHMANEABSTRACTEVENTHOUGHAUTOMATICSPEECHRECOGNITIONASRHASMATUREDTOTHEPOINTOFCOMMERCIALAPPLICATIONS,HIGHERRORRATEINSOMESPEECHRECOGNITIONDOMAINSREMAINASONEOFTHEMAINIMPEDIMENTFACTORSTOTHEWIDEADOPTIONOFSPEECHTECHNOLOGY,ANDESPECIALLYFORCONTINUOUSLARGEVOCABULARYSPEECHRECOGNITIONAPPLICATIONSTHEPERSISTENTPRESENCEOFASRERRORSHAVEINTENSIFIEDTHENEEDTOFINDALTERNATIVETECHNIQUESTOAUTOMATICALLYDETECTANDCORRECTSUCHERRORSTHECORRECTIONOFTHETRANSCRIPTIONERRORSISVERYCRUCIALNOTONLYTOIMPROVETHESPEECHRECOGNITIONACCURACY,BUTALSOTOAVOIDTHEPROPAGATIONOFTHEERRORSTOTHESUBSEQUENTLANGUAGEPROCESSINGMODULESSUCHASMACHINETRANSLATIONINTHISPAPER,BASICPRINCIPLESOFASREVALUATIONAREFIRSTSUMMARIZED,ANDTHENTHESTATEOFTHECURRENTASRERRORSDETECTIONANDCORRECTIONRESEARCHISREVIEWEDWEFOCUSONEMERGINGTECHNIQUESUSINGWORDERRORRATEMETRICKEYWORDSAUTOMATICSPEECHRECOGNITIONASRERRORDETECTIONASRERRORCORRECTIONASREVALUATION1INTRODUCTIONAUTOMATICSPEECHRECOGNITIONASRSYSTEMSAIMSATCONVERTINGASPEECHSIGNALINTOASEQUENCEOFWORDSEITHERFORTEXTBASEDCOMMUNICATIONPURPOSESORFORDEVICECONTROLLINGTHEPURPOSEOFEVALUATINGASRSYSTEMSISTOSIMULATEHUMANJUDGEMENTOFTHEPERFORMANCEOFTHESYSTEMSINORDERTOMEASURETHEIRUSEFULNESSANDASSESSTHEREMAININGDIFFICULTIESANDESPECIALLYWHENCOMPARINGSYSTEMSTHESTANDARDMETRICOFASREVALUATIONISTHEWORDERRORRATE,WHICHISDEFINEDASTHEPROPORTIONOFWORDERRORSTOWORDSPROCESSEDASRHASMATUREDTOTHEPOINTOFCOMMERCIALAPPLICATIONSBYPROVIDINGTRANSCRIPTIONWITHANACCEPTABLELEVELOFPERFORMANCEWHICHALLOWSINTEGRATIONINTOMANYAPPLICATIONSINGENERAL,ASRSYSTEMSAREEFFECTIVEWHENTHECONDITIONSAREWELLCONTROLLEDNEVERTHELESS,THEYARETOODEPENDENTONTHETASKBEINGPERFORMEDANDTHERESULTSAREFARFROMIDEAL,ANDESPECIALLYFORLARGEVOCABULARYCONTINUOUSSPEECHRECOGNITIONLVCSRAPPLICATIONSTHISLATERSTILLONEOFTHEMOSTCHALLENGINGTASKSINTHEFIELD,DUETOANUMBEROFFACTORS,INCLUDINGPOORARTICULATION,VARIABLESPEAKINGRATEANDHIGHDEGREEOFACOUSTICVARIABILITYCAUSEDBYNOISE,SIDESPEECH,ACCENTS,SLOPPYPRONUNCIATION,HESITATION,REPETITION,INTERRUPTIONSANDCHANNELMISMATCH,AND/ORDISTORTIONSTODEALWITHALLTHESEPROBLEMS,THEREHASBEENAPLETHORAOFALGORITHMSANDTECHNOLOGIESPROPOSEDBYTHESCIENTIFICCOMMUNITIESFORALLSTEPSOFLVCSROVERTHELASTDECADEPREPROCESSING,FEATUREEXTRACTION,ACOUSTICMODELING,LANGUAGEMODELING,DECODINGANDRESULTPOSTPROCESSINGNEVERTHELESSLVCSRSYSTEMSARENOTYETROBUSTWITHERRORRATESOFUPTO50UNDERCERTAINCONDITIONS21,8THEPERSISTENTPRESENCEOFASRERRORSMOTIVATESTHEATTEMPTTOFINDALTERNATIVETECHNIQUESTOASSISTUSERSINCORRECTINGTHETRANSCRIPTIONERRORSORTOTOTALLYAUTOMATETHECORRECTIONPROCESSEVALUATIONPROCEDUREINOTHERWORDS,THEREFERENCEANDRECOGNISEDWORDSGETMATCHEDINORDERTODECIDEWHICHWORDHAVEBEENDELETEDORINSERTED,ANDWHICHREFERENCERECOGNISEDSTRINGPAIRSHAVEBEENALIGNEDTOEACHOTHER,WHICHMAYRESULTINAHITORASUBSTITUTIONTHISISNORMALLYDONEBYUSINGTHEVITERBIEDITDISTANCE17TOEFFICIENTLYSELECTTHEREFERENCEANDTHERECOGNISEDWORDSEQUENCEALIGNMENTFORWHICHTHEWEIGHTEDERRORSCOREISMINIMIZEDTHEEDITDISTANCEUSUALLYALIGNSANIDENTICALWEIGHTS1FORTHELEVENSTHEINDISTANCETOALLTHREE,INSERTION,SUBSTITUTIONANDDELETIONYET,UNIFIEDWEIGHTSMAYPRESENTADOUBTTOCHOOSETHEBESTPATHALIGNMENTINTHECASEWHENWEHAVEDIFFERENTONESWHICHHAVETHESAMESCORETOAVOIDTHISPROBLEMMORRISETAL12SUGGESTUSINGDIFFERENTWEIGHTS,SUCHTHATSUBSTITUTIONWILLBEFAVOUREDTHANINSERTIONANDDELETIONINGENERAL,IT’SRECOMMENDEDTOPUTWIWD,ANDWSWIWSWHEREWI,WSANDWDARERESPECTIVELYTHEWEIGHTOFINSERTION,SUBSTITUTION,ANDDELETION23ASREVALUATIONMETRICSACCORDINGTOMCCOWANETAL11ANIDEALASREVALUATIONMETRICSHOULDBEIDIRECTMEASUREASRCOMPONENTINDEPENDENTLYONTHEASRAPPLICATION,IIOBJECTIVETHEMEASURESHOULDBECALCULATEDINANAUTOMATEDMANNER,IIIINTERPRETABLETHEABSOLUTEVALUEOFTHEMEASUREMUSTGIVEANIDEAABOUTTHEPERFORMANCE,ANDIVMODULARTHEEVALUATIONMEASURESHOULDBEGENERALTOALLOWTHOROUGHAPPLICATIONDEPENDENTANALYSISWORDERRORRATEWERISTHEMOSTPOPULARMETRICFORASREVALUATION,ITMEASURESTHEPERCENTAGEOFINCORRECTWORDSSUBSTITUTIONSS,INSERTIONSI,DELETIONSDREGARDINGTHETOTALNUMBEROFWORDSPROCESSEDITISDEFINEDASWER11WHEREITOTALNUMBEROFINSERTIONS,DTOTALNUMBEROFDELETIONS,STOTALNUMBEROFSUBSTITUTIONS,HTOTALNUMBEROFHITS,ANDN1TOTALNUMBEROFINPUTWORDSDESPITEOFBEINGTHEMOSTCOMMONLYUSED,WERHASMANYSHORTCOMINGS10FIRSTOFALL,WERISNOTATRUEPERCENTAGEBECAUSEITHASNOUPPERBOUND,SOITDOESN’TTELLYOUHOWGOODASYSTEMIS,BUTONLYTHATONEISBETTERTHANANOTHERMOREOVER,WERISNOTD/ISYMMETRIC,SOINNOISYCONDITIONSWERCOULDEXCEED100,FORTHEFACTTHATITGIVESFARMOREWEIGHTTOINSERTIONSTHANTODELETIONSTHEWERSTILLEFFECTIVEFORSPEECHRECOGNITIONWHEREERRORSCANBECORRECTEDBYTYPING,SUCHAS,DICTATIONHOWEVER,FORALMOSTANYOTHERTYPEOFSPEECHRECOGNITIONSYSTEMS,WHERETHEGOALISMORETHANTRANSCRIPTION,ITISNECESSARYTOLOOKFORANALTERNATIVE,ORADDITIONAL,EVALUATIONFRAMEWORKMANYRESEARCHERSHAVEPROPOSEDALTERNATIVEMEASURESTOSOLVETHEEVIDENTLIMITATIONSOFWERIN12ANDREWETALINTRODUCEDTWOINFORMATIONTHEORETICMEASURESOFW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簡(jiǎn)介：SCIENCEDIRECTAVAILABLEONLINEATWWWSCIENCEDIRECTCOMPROCEDIACOMPUTERSCIENCE128201832–3718770509?2018THEAUTHORSPUBLISHEDBYELSEVIERLTDTHISISANOPENACCESSARTICLEUNDERTHECCBYNCNDLICENSEHTTPS//CREATIVECOMMONSORG/LICENSES/BYNCND/40/SELECTIONANDPEERREVIEWUNDERRESPONSIBILITYOFTHESCIENTIFICCOMMITTEEOFTHEINTERNATIONALCONFERENCEONNATURALLANGUAGEANDSPEECHPROCESSING101016/JPROCS201803005?2018THEAUTHORSPUBLISHEDBYELSEVIERLTDTHISISANOPENACCESSARTICLEUNDERTHECCBYNCNDLICENSEHTTPS//CREATIVECOMMONSORG/LICENSES/BYNCND/40/SELECTIONANDPEERREVIEWUNDERRESPONSIBILITYOFTHESCIENTIFICCOMMITTEEOFTHEINTERNATIONALCONFERENCEONNATURALLANGUAGEANDSPEECHPROCESSINGKEYWORDSAUTOMATICSPEECHRECOGNITIONASRERRORDETECTIONASRERRORCORRECTIONASREVALUATION1INTRODUCTIONAUTOMATICSPEECHRECOGNITIONASRSYSTEMSAIMSATCONVERTINGASPEECHSIGNALINTOASEQUENCEOFWORDSEITHERFORTEXTBASEDCOMMUNICATIONPURPOSESORFORDEVICECONTROLLINGTHEPURPOSEOFEVALUATINGASRSYSTEMSISTOSIMULATEHUMANJUDGEMENTOFTHEPERFORMANCEOFTHESYSTEMSINORDERTOMEASURETHEIRUSEFULNESSANDASSESSTHEREMAININGDIFFICULTIESANDESPECIALLYWHENCOMPARINGSYSTEMSTHESTANDARDMETRICOFASREVALUATIONISTHEWORDERRORRATE,WHICHISDEFINEDASTHEPROPORTIONOFWORDERRORSTOWORDSPROCESSEDASRHASMATUREDTOTHEPOINTOFCOMMERCIALAPPLICATIONSBYPROVIDINGTRANSCRIPTIONWITHANACCEPTABLELEVELOFPERFORMANCEWHICHALLOWSINTEGRATIONINTOMANYAPPLICATIONSINGENERAL,ASRSYSTEMSAREEFFECTIVEWHENTHECONDITIONSAREWELLCONTROLLEDNEVERTHELESS,THEYARETOODEPENDENTONTHETASKBEINGPERFORMEDANDTHERESULTSAREFARFROMIDEAL,ANDESPECIALLYFORLARGEVOCABULARYCONTINUOUSSPEECHRECOGNITIONLVCSRAPPLICATIONSTHISLATERSTILLONEOFTHEMOSTCHALLENGINGTASKSINTHEFIELD,DUETOANUMBEROFFACTORS,INCLUDINGPOORARTICULATION,VARIABLE?CORRESPONDINGAUTHORTEL212523344822FAX212523394915EMAILADDRESSERRATTAHIRUCDACMAABSTRACTEVENTHOUGHAUTOMATICSPEECHRECOGNITIONASRHASMATUREDTOTHEPOINTOFCOMMERCIALAPPLICATIONS,HIGHERRORRATEINSOMESPEECHRECOGNITIONDOMAINSREMAINASONEOFTHEMAINIMPEDIMENTFACTORSTOTHEWIDEADOPTIONOFSPEECHTECHNOLOGY,ANDESPECIALLYFORCONTINUOUSLARGEVOCABULARYSPEECHRECOGNITIONAPPLICATIONSTHEPERSISTENTPRESENCEOFASRERRORSHAVEINTENSIFIEDTHENEEDTOFINDALTERNATIVETECHNIQUESTOAUTOMATICALLYDETECTANDCORRECTSUCHERRORSTHECORRECTIONOFTHETRANSCRIPTIONERRORSISVERYCRUCIALNOTONLYTOIMPROVETHESPEECHRECOGNITIONACCURACY,BUTALSOTOAVOIDTHEPROPAGATIONOFTHEERRORSTOTHESUBSEQUENTLANGUAGEPROCESSINGMODULESSUCHASMACHINETRANSLATIONINTHISPAPER,BASICPRINCIPLESOFASREVALUATIONAREFIRSTSUMMARIZED,ANDTHENTHESTATEOFTHECURRENTASRERRORSDETECTIONANDCORRECTIONRESEARCHISREVIEWEDWEFOCUSONEMERGINGTECHNIQUESUSINGWORDERRORRATEMETRICINTERNATIONALCONFERENCEONNATURALLANGUAGEANDSPEECHPROCESSING,ICNLSP2015AUTOMATICSPEECHRECOGNITIONERRORSDETECTIONANDCORRECTIONAREVIEWRAHHALERRATTAHIA,?,ASMAAELHANNANIA,HASSANOUAHMANEAALABORATORYOFINFORMATIONTECHNOLOGIES,NATIONALSCHOOLOFAPPLIEDSCIENCES,UNIVERSITYOFCHOUAIBDOUKKALI,ELJADIDAMOROCCO34RAHHALERRATTAHIETAL/PROCEDIACOMPUTERSCIENCE128201832–37AKEYPRACTICALISSUEWITHASREVALUATIONMETRICSCALCULATIONISFINDINGTHEWORDALIGNMENTBETWEENTHEREFERENCEANDTHEAUTOMATICTRANSCRIPTION,WHICHCONSTITUTETHEFIRSTSTEPINTHEEVALUATIONPROCEDUREINOTHERWORDS,THEREFERENCEANDRECOGNISEDWORDSGETMATCHEDINORDERTODECIDEWHICHWORDHAVEBEENDELETEDORINSERTED,ANDWHICHREFERENCERECOGNISEDSTRINGPAIRSHAVEBEENALIGNEDTOEACHOTHER,WHICHMAYRESULTINAHITORASUBSTITUTIONTHISISNORMALLYDONEBYUSINGTHEVITERBIEDITDISTANCE17TOEFFICIENTLYSELECTTHEREFERENCEANDTHERECOGNISEDWORDSEQUENCEALIGNMENTFORWHICHTHEWEIGHTEDERRORSCOREISMINIMIZEDTHEEDITDISTANCEUSUALLYALIGNSANIDENTICALWEIGHTS1FORTHELEVENSTHEINDISTANCETOALLTHREE,INSERTION,SUBSTITUTIONANDDELETIONYET,UNIFIEDWEIGHTSMAYPRESENTADOUBTTOCHOOSETHEBESTPATHALIGNMENTINTHECASEWHENWEHAVEDIFFERENTONESWHICHHAVETHESAMESCORETOAVOIDTHISPROBLEMMORRISETAL12SUGGESTUSINGDIFFERENTWEIGHTS,SUCHTHATSUBSTITUTIONWILLBEFAVOUREDTHANINSERTIONANDDELETIONINGENERAL,IT’SRECOMMENDEDTOPUTWIWD,ANDWSWIWSWHEREWI,WSANDWDARERESPECTIVELYTHEWEIGHTOFINSERTION,SUBSTITUTION,ANDDELETION23ASREVALUATIONMETRICSACCORDINGTOMCCOWANETAL11ANIDEALASREVALUATIONMETRICSHOULDBEIDIRECTMEASUREASRCOMPONENTINDEPENDENTLYONTHEASRAPPLICATION,IIOBJECTIVETHEMEASURESHOULDBECALCULATEDINANAUTOMATEDMANNER,IIIINTERPRETABLETHEABSOLUTEVALUEOFTHEMEASUREMUSTGIVEANIDEAABOUTTHEPERFORMANCE,ANDIVMODULARTHEEVALUATIONMEASURESHOULDBEGENERALTOALLOWTHOROUGHAPPLICATIONDEPENDENTANALYSISWORDERRORRATEWERISTHEMOSTPOPULARMETRICFORASREVALUATION,ITMEASURESTHEPERCENTAGEOFINCORRECTWORDSSUBSTITUTIONSS,INSERTIONSI,DELETIONSDREGARDINGTHETOTALNUMBEROFWORDSPROCESSEDITISDEFINEDASWERSDIN1SDIHSD1WHEREITOTALNUMBEROFINSERTIONS,DTOTALNUMBEROFDELETIONS,STOTALNUMBEROFSUBSTITUTIONS,HTOTALNUMBEROFHITS,ANDN1TOTALNUMBEROFINPUTWORDSDESPITEOFBEINGTHEMOSTCOMMONLYUSED,WERHASMANYSHORTCOMINGS10FIRSTOFALL,WERISNOTATRUEPERCENTAGEBECAUSEITHASNOUPPERBOUND,SOITDOESN’TTELLYOUHOWGOODASYSTEMIS,BUTONLYTHATONEISBETTERTHANANOTHERMOREOVER,WERISNOTD/ISYMMETRIC,SOINNOISYCONDITIONSWERCOULDEXCEED100,FORTHEFACTTHATITGIVESFARMOREWEIGHTTOINSERTIONSTHANTODELETIONSTHEWERSTILLEFFECTIVEFORSPEECHRECOGNITIONWHEREERRORSCANBECORRECTEDBYTYPING,SUCHAS,DICTATIONHOWEVER,FORALMOSTANYOTHERTYPEOF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簡(jiǎn)介：中文中文2740字文獻(xiàn)出處文獻(xiàn)出處KLEMPKARANEWMETHODFORTHECTYPEPASSIVEFILTERDESIGNJPRZEGLADELEKTROTECHNICZNY,2012,887A277281本科畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)外文翻譯外文譯文題目（中文）C型無(wú)源濾波器的一種新型設(shè)計(jì)方法學(xué)院信息學(xué)院專業(yè)電氣工程及其自動(dòng)化學(xué)號(hào)學(xué)生姓名學(xué)生姓名指導(dǎo)教師指導(dǎo)教師日期摘要論文介紹了新型C型諧波電力濾波器設(shè)計(jì)過(guò)程。其目的在于在一個(gè)工業(yè)供電系統(tǒng)中減少全部的諧波失真。C型濾波器的新型設(shè)計(jì)方法是被建議的，也是被工業(yè)發(fā)電所需要的。在設(shè)計(jì)階段，對(duì)于新的計(jì)算程序的基礎(chǔ)是假設(shè)諧波電流的要求分配在供電網(wǎng)絡(luò)與被用于調(diào)諧的濾波器之間，這個(gè)方法考慮了網(wǎng)絡(luò)的等效阻抗。關(guān)鍵詞無(wú)源濾波器；補(bǔ)償；電力系統(tǒng)諧波；C型濾波器1引言安裝在工廠的大功率非線性負(fù)載數(shù)量不斷增加的原因是無(wú)源諧波濾波器仍然是在連接點(diǎn)處減小電壓畸變的最普通的方式，許多不同結(jié)構(gòu)和不同運(yùn)行特性的無(wú)源LC濾波系統(tǒng)已經(jīng)被開發(fā)出來(lái)了，然而，單調(diào)諧單分支濾波器仍然是工業(yè)應(yīng)用的主導(dǎo)解決方式，而且它缺失是理解更先進(jìn)濾波結(jié)構(gòu)（如C型濾波器）的基礎(chǔ)。另一個(gè)方法是有源濾波器或者是混合濾波器（結(jié)合了有源濾波器與無(wú)源濾波器）。這種設(shè)計(jì)和控制能成為一個(gè)使用人工智能方法的任務(wù)，如神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)或者遺傳算法。目前大多數(shù)使用的濾波補(bǔ)償裝置結(jié)構(gòu)的主要劣勢(shì)是高頻時(shí)的濾波能力差。C型濾波器使被包含在寬帶濾波器的范疇之中。寬帶濾波器有其他優(yōu)點(diǎn)，當(dāng)寬帶濾波器與電力電子整流器合作時(shí)，寬帶濾波器使持續(xù)的，寬帶濾波器能比單支濾波器更有效率地抑制換向缺口，即它們有更寬的寬帶。寬帶濾波器也能更高效地消除間入簡(jiǎn)諧分量（在鄰著特征諧波的邊頻帶上，其由靜態(tài)頻率轉(zhuǎn)換器產(chǎn)生）。C型濾波器與單支濾波器相比，也能夠減少有功功率的損失，因?yàn)殡娙蓦姼写?lián)支路被調(diào)諧到基波諧振頻率，基波諧波電流沒(méi)通過(guò)電阻，避免了大功率的損耗。確立C型濾波器參數(shù)的方法在后面介紹。復(fù)雜的無(wú)源濾波器更頻繁地用人工智能的方法被設(shè)計(jì)。如遺傳算法，也能在解決其他問(wèn)題上更有效。2C型濾波器參數(shù)的確定對(duì)于C性濾波器參數(shù)確定，論文介紹了一種新的方法。大功率系統(tǒng)的濾波器設(shè)計(jì)是一個(gè)復(fù)雜的任務(wù)，除了確定參數(shù)使之滿足設(shè)計(jì)要求，還需檢查由于與電力系統(tǒng)中其他有源元件相互作用而產(chǎn)生的可能的共振點(diǎn)。C型濾波器參數(shù)可通過(guò)下面的關(guān)系確定，此論文介紹了一種新的，更簡(jiǎn)單的方法去確定參數(shù)，在設(shè)計(jì)階段，這方法包括假設(shè)（在被調(diào)諧到諧波的）濾波器和供電網(wǎng)之間的諧波電流的需求分配。這個(gè)方法需要考慮網(wǎng)絡(luò)等效阻抗。

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簡(jiǎn)介：PRZEGL?DELEKTROTECHNICZNYELECTRICALREVIEW,ISSN00332097,R88NR7A/2012277RYSZARDKLEMPKAAKADEMIAGóRNICZOHUTNICZA,WYDZIA?ELEKTROTECHNIKI,AUTOMATYKI,INFORMATYKIIELEKTRONIKIANEWMETHODFORTHECTYPEPASSIVEFILTERDESIGNABSTRACTTHEPAPERPRESENTSTHENEWCTYPEHIGHHARMONICPOWERFILTERDESIGNPROCESSWHOSEAIMISTHEREDUCTIONOFTOTALHARMONICDISTORTIONINANINDUSTRIALPOWERSUPPLYSYSTEMANEWMETHODFORCTYPEFILTERDESIGNISPROPOSEDANDANEXAMPLEOFTHEMETHODAPPLICATIONTOANINDUSTRIALPLANTISPROVIDEDTHEBASISFORTHENEWALGORITHMISASSUMING,ATTHEDESIGNPHASE,THEREQUIREDDISTRIBUTIONOFTHEHARMONICCURRENTBETWEENTHEFILTERTOBETUNEDTOTHATHARMONICANDTHESUPPLYNETWORKTHISMETHODTAKESINTOCONSIDERATIONTHENETWORKEQUIVALENTIMPEDANCESTRESZCZENIENINIEJSZYARTYKU?PRZEDSTAWIAPROJEKTOWANIEENERGETYCZNEGOFILTRUTYPUCWY?SZYCHHARMONICZNYCH,KTóREGOZADANIEMJESTZMNIEJSZENIEWSPó?CZYNNIKAZAWARTO?CIHARMONICZNYCHWPRZEMYS?OWYMSYSTEMIEZASILANIAZAPROPONOWANONOW?METOD?PROJEKTOWANIACFILTRUORAZPRZEDSTAWIONOPRZYK?ADZASTOSOWANIATEJMETODYPROJEKTOWANIAWPRAKTYCEDLAZAK?ADUPRZEMYS?OWEGONOWAMETODAPROJEKTOWANIAFILTRUTYPUCKEYWORDSPASSIVEFILTER,COMPENSATION,POWERSYSTEMHARMONICS,CTYPEFILTERS?OWAKLUCZOWEFILTRYPASYWNE,KOMPENSACJAMOCYBIERNEJ,HARMONICZNE,FILTRTYPUCINTRODUCTIONANEVERINCREASINGNUMBEROFLARGEPOWERNONLINEARLOADS,INSTALLEDININDUSTRYISTHEREASONTHATPASSIVEHARMONICFILTERSARESTILLTHEMOSTCOMMONWAYTOREDUCEVOLTAGEDISTORTIONATTHEIRPOINTSOFCONNECTIONMANYPASSIVELCFILTERSYSTEMS,OFVARIOUSSTRUCTURESANDDIFFERENTOPERATINGCHARACTERISTICSHAVEBEENDEVELOPED1–4NEVERTHELESS,THESINGLETUNEDSINGLEBRANCHFILTERSTILLISTHEDOMINANTSOLUTIONFORINDUSTRIALAPPLICATIONS,ANDITCERTAINLYISTHEBASISFORUNDERSTANDINGMOREADVANCEDFILTERINGSTRUCTURES,SUCHASTHECTYPEFILTERANALTERNATIVESOLUTIONCANBEACTIVEFILTERSORHYBRIDFILTERSTHATCOMBINETHESESTRUCTURES5–7BOTHTHEDESIGNANDCONTROLOFSUCHSYSTEMSCANBEATASKEMPLOYINGARTIFICIALINTELLIGENCEMETHODS,EGNEURALNETWORKSORGENETICALGORITHMS8–10THEPRINCIPALDISADVANTAGEOFTHEMAJORITYOFCURRENTLYUSEDFILTERCOMPENSATINGDEVICESTRUCTURESISPOORFILTERINGOFHIGHFREQUENCIESINORDERTOELIMINATETHESEDISADVANTAGESAREUSUALLYUSEDBROADBANDDAMPEDFILTERSOFTHEFIRST,SECONDORTHIRDORDERTHECTYPEFILTERISINCLUDEDINTHECATEGORYOFBROADBANDFILTERSBROADBANDFILTERSHAVEADDITIONALADVANTAGE,SUBSTANTIALFORTHEIRCOOPERATIONWITHPOWERELECTRONICCONVERTERSTHEYDAMPCOMMUTATIONNOTCHESMOREEFFECTIVELYTHANSINGLEBRANCHFILTERSTHEYHAVEAMUCHBROADERBANDWIDTHTHEYALSOMOREEFFECTIVELYELIMINATEINTERHARMONICCOMPONENTSINSIDEBANDSADJACENTTOCHARACTERISTICHARMONICSGENERATEDBYSTATICFREQUENCYCONVERTERSTHATFILTER,ASCOMPAREDTOSINGLEBRANCHFILTERS,ALSOENSURESREDUCTIONOFACTIVEPOWERLOSSESBECAUSETHE22CLBRANCHFIG1ISTUNEDTOTHEFUNDAMENTALHARMONICFREQUENCYTHEFUNDAMENTALHARMONICCURRENTISNOTPASSINGTHROUGHTHERESISTORRT,AVOIDINGTHEREFORELARGEPOWERLOSSESTHEMETHODFORDETERMININGCTYPEFILTERPARAMETERSISDESCRIBEDIN11COMPLEXPASSIVEFILTERSAREMOREANDMOREOFTENDESIGNEDUSINGARTIFICIALINTELLIGENCEMETHODS,LIKEGENETICALGORITHMS12–13THATCANALSOBEEFFECTIVEINSOLVINGOTHERPROBLEMS14–20DETERMINATIONOFTHECTYPEFILTERPARAMETERSTHEPAPERDESCRIBESANEWMETHODFORDETERMININGTHECTYPEFILTERPARAMETERSDESIGNINGOFFILTERSFORLARGEPOWERSYSTEMSISACOMPLEXTASKASIDEOFDETERMININGTHEFILTERPARAMETERSTOMEETTHEDESIGNREQUIREMENTS,THEFILTERSHALLBECHECKEDFORPOSSIBLERESONANCEOCCURRENCESDUETOINTERACTIONWITHOTHERPASSIVECOMPONENTSINTHEPOWERSYSTEM21–22THEFILTERPARAMETERSCANBEDETERMINEDFROMRELATIONSGIVENIN11THISPAPERPROPOSESANEW,ANDSIMPLER,METHODFORDETERMININGTHEFILTERPARAMETERSTHEMETHODCONSISTSINASSUMING,ATTHEDESIGNPHASE,THEDESIREDDISTRIBUTIONOFTHEHARMONICCURRENTBETWEENTHEFILTERTUNEDTOTHATHARMONICANDTHESUPPLYNETWORKTHISMETHODREQUIRESTAKINGINTOCONSIDERATIONTHENETWORKEQUIVALENTIMPEDANCETHECTYPEFILTERDIAGRAMISSHOWNINFIG1FIG1THECTYPEFILTERCIRCUITTHEFILTERIMPEDANCEISGIVENBY112222111CJCJLJRRCJLJZTTF??????????????????THEL2ANDC2COMPONENTSARETUNEDTOTHEFUNDAMENTALFREQUENCY222121CL??HENCE3????12122212121CJJCRJRZTTF????????????THECTYPEFILTERISTUNEDTOTHERESONANCEANGULARFREQUENCY1??RRN?4??1121221212?????RRNCCCCCCL?HENCERTL2C2C1UIFISILOADLOADPRZEGL?DELEKTROTECHNICZNYELECTRICALREVIEW,ISSN00332097,R88NR7A/2012279FIG3FREQUENCYIMPEDANCECHARACTERISTICSOFATHEPOWERNETWORKEQUIVALENTIMPEDANCEZS,THERESULTANTIMPEDANCEOFTWO3RDHARMONICFILTERSZ2X3H,THECTYPEFILTERIMPEDANCEZCFILTER,THERESULTANTIMPEDANCEOFTWO3RDHARMONICFILTERSANDTHECTYPEFILTERZFBTHEIMPEDANCESEENFROMTHELOADTERMINALSWITHOUTFILTERSZS,THENETWORKEQUIVALENTIMPEDANCEANDTWO3RDHARMONICFILTERSIMPEDANCECONNECTEDINPARALLELZS||Z2X3H,ANDPARALLELCONNECTIONOFTHENETWORKEQUIVALENTIMPEDANCE,TWO3RDHARMONICFILTERSANDTHECTYPEFILTERIMPEDANCESZS||Z2X3H||ZCFILTERFIGURE4ASHOWSTHECTYPEFILTERFREQUENCYCHARACTERISTICSFORDIFFERENTQUALITYFACTORS,FIGURE4BILLUSTRATESTHERELATIONBETWEENTHERESISTANCERTANDTHECOEFFICIENTKTHATINDICATESTHEDISTRIBUTIONOFTHECURRENTHARMONICTOWHICHTHEFILTERISTUNEDTABLE3THEPERCENTAGEDISTRIBUTIONOFTHEHARMONICCURRENTBETWEENTHEFILTERTUNEDTOTHATHARMONICANDTHESUPPLYNETWORKTHECORRESPONDINGRTVALUESANDTHEDESIGNEDFILTERQUALITYFACTORIFISKRT?385615160172444556125221500500100276865194810933005714290753506663330505557502500338408331670251111910900102778DATAINTABLE3SHOWSTHEPERCENTAGEDISTRIBUTIONOFTHEHARMONICCURRENTBETWEENTHEFILTERTUNEDTOTHATHARMONICANDTHESUPPLYNETWORKTHEVALUESOFTHEFACTORKCORRESPONDINGTOTHERTVALUESAREALSOPROVIDEDINTHETABLEFIG4ATHECTYPEFILTERFREQUENCYCHARACTERISTICSFORVARIOUSQUALITYFACTORS,BTHERESISTANCERTVSTHECOEFFICIENTKIMPLEMENTATIONANDMEASUREMENTSINORDERTOVERIFYTHEEFFECTIVENESSOFTHEPROPOSEDMETHODHASBEENDESIGNEDACTYPEFILTERFORANELECTRICARCFURNACEPOWERSUPPLYSYSTEMFIG,2THEDESIGNEDCTYPEFILTERWASINSTALLEDINTHEARCFURNACESUPPLYSYSTEMTHECAPACITANCEC1ISCOMPOSEDOF60CAPACITORS20PERPHASEWITHCAPACITANCE1415?FEACH,WHICHGIVESTOTALCAPACITANCEC17075?FTHECAPACITANCEC2ISCOMPOSEDOF24CAPACITORS8PERPHASEWITHCAPACITANCES246?FEACH,WHICHGIVESTOTALCAPACITANCEC21968?FTHEREACTORL2PARAMETERSSHOULDBERECALCULATEDBECAUSEOFALTERATIONOFTHECAPACITANCEC2DUETOTHEINSTALLATIONMODIFICATIONSL25148MHTHERESISTORRESISTANCEISRT300??10THEDIAGRAMOFTHEACTUALSINGLEPHASEFILTERCIRCUITISDEPICTEDINFIG5FIG5DIAGRAMOFTHEACTUALCTYPEFILTERCIRCUIT115225335405101520253035404550NZCFILTRZ2X3HZSZF|ZCFILTR||Z2X3H||ZS||ZF|A1152253354012345678910NZSZS||Z2X3HZS||Z2X3H||ZCFILTER|ZS||Z2X3H||ZCFILTR||ZS||Z2X3H||ZS|BRFXZRNNA0123456024681012R??QF220QF210QF215QF210QF215QF220RTK0020406081121416050010001500200025003000K1R27686K033R840B8X246?F20X1415?F300?5148MH

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