簡(jiǎn)介:本資料來(lái)自英語(yǔ)自考網(wǎng)HTTP//WWWABSEENET英語(yǔ)自考網(wǎng)WWWABSEENET以優(yōu)質(zhì)資料及高效的訪問(wèn)速度,為大家提供最新自考信息,祝愿大家早日畢業(yè)THEINTRODUCTIONOFEUROPEANCULTUREENGLISHTERMSDIVISIONONEGREEKCULTUREANDROMANCULTURE1ILIAD(伊利亞特(伊利亞特)1ITISONEOFTHETWOGREATANCIENTGREEKEPICSBYHOMER2ITDEALSWITHTHEALLIANCEOFTHESTATESOFTHESOUTHERNMAINLANDOFGREECE,LEDBYAGAMEMNONINTHEIRWARAGAINSTTHECITYOFTROYPROBABLYINTHEPERIOD12001100BC3THEHEROESAREHECTORONTHETROJANSIDEANDACHILLESANDODYSSEUSONTHEGREEK4INTHEFINALBATTLE,HECTORWASKILLEDBYACHILLESANDTROYWASSACKEDANDBURNEDBYTHEGREEKS2.HERODOTUS(希羅多德)(希羅多德)1HEISONEOFGREATANCIENTGREEKHISTORIANS2HEISOFTENCALLED“FATHEROFHISTORY3HEWROTEABOUTTHEWARSBETWEENGREEKSANDPERSIANS4HISHISTORY,FULLOFANECDOTESANDDIGRESSIONSANDLIVELYDIALOGUE,ISWONDERFULLYREADABLE5HISOBJECTINWRITINGWAS“THATTHEGREATANDWONDERFULDEEDSDONEBYGREEKSANDPERSIANSSHOULDNOTLACKRENOWN”3.SOCRATES1HEWASTHEPHILOSOPHEROFANCIENTGREECEINTHE5THAND4THCENTURY2HEWASCONSIDEREDONEOFTHETHREEGREATESTNAMESINEUROPEANPHILOSOPHY3HEHOLDTHATPHILOSOPHYTOOKTHEAIMTOREACHTHECONCLUSIONOFONESELFANDVIRTUEWASKNOWLEDGE4HISTHOUGHTSWERERECORDEDINDIALOGUESBYPLATO5HEDEVISEDTHEDIALECTICALMETHOD4DIALECTICALMETHOD(辯證法)(辯證法)1ITWASDEVISEDBYANCIENTGREEKPHILOSOPHERSOCRATES2ITISAMETHODOFARGUMENT,BYQUESTIONSANDANSWERS5PLATO1HEWASTHEGREATESTPHILOSOPHEROFANCIENTGREECE,PUPILOFSOCRATES2HISDIALOGUESAREIMPORTANTNOTONLYASPHILOSOPHICALWRITINGBUTALSOASIMAGINATIVELITERATUREOFTHEDIALOGUESHEWROTE,27HAVESURVIVED,INCLUDINGTHEAPOLOGY,SYMPOSIUMANDTHEREPUBLIC3PLATOBUILTUPACOMPREHENSIVESYSTEMOFPHILOSOPHY4HISPHILOSOPHYISCALLEDIDEALISM6DIOGENES(狄?jiàn)W艮尼)(狄?jiàn)W艮尼)(北京市(北京市2002年自考真題名詞解釋)年自考真題名詞解釋)HEWASONEOFTHECYNIC’SLEADERSINANCIENTGREECE,WHODECIDEDTOLIVELIKEADOG2THEWORD“CYNIC”MEANS“DOG”INGREEK3HEREJECTEDALLCONVENTIONS,ADVOCATEDSELFSUFFICIENCYANDEXTREMESIMPLICITYINLIFE7.STOICS(斯多咯派)(斯多咯派)1ITWASONEOFFOURANCIENTGREEKSCHOOLSOFPHILOSOPHERSINTHE4THCENTURYBC2TOTHEM,THEMOSTIMPORTANTTHINGINLIFEWAS“DUTY”3ITDEVELOPEDINTOTHETHEORYTHATONESHOULDENDUREHARDSHIPANDMISFORTUNEWITHCOURAGE4THECHIEFSTOICWASZENO8.DORICSTYLE(陶立克柱)(陶立克柱)1ITISONEOFTHREEANCIENTGREEKARCHITECTURESTYLES2ITISALSOCALLEDTHEMASCULINESTYLE3ITISSTURDY,POWERFUL,SEVERELOOKINGANDSHOWINGAGOODSENSEOFPROPORTIONSANDNUMBERS4THEDORICSTYLEISMONOTONOUSANDUNADORNED9.PAXROMANA(羅馬和平)(羅馬和平)(北京市(北京市2001年自考真題名詞解釋)年自考真題名詞解釋)1)INTHEYEAR27BCOCTAVIUSTOOKSUPREMEPOWERASEMPERORWITHTHETILEOFAUGUSTUS2TWOCENTURIESLATER,THEROMANEMPIREREACHEDITSGREATESTEXTENTINTHENORTHANDEAST3THEEMPERORSMAINLYRELIEDONASTRONGARMYTHEFAMOUSROMANLEGIONSANDANINFLUENTIALBUREAUCRACYTOEXERTTHEIRRULES4THUSTHEROMANENJOYEDALONGPERIODOFPEACELASTING200YEARSTHISREMARKABLEPHENOMENONINTHEHISTORYISKNOWASPAXROMANA10VIRGIL(維吉爾)(維吉爾)1HEWASTHEGREATESTOFLATINPOETS2HEWROTETHEGREATEPIC,THEAENEID3THEPOEMOPENEDOUTTOTHEFUTURE,FORAENEASSTOODATTHEHEADOFARCEOFPEOPLEWHOWERETOFOUNDTHEFIRSTTHEROMANREPUBLICANDTHENTHEROMANEMPIREDIVISIONTWOTHEBIBLEANDCHRISTIANITY1THEBIBLE1THEBIBLEISACOLLECTIONOFRELIGIOUSWRITINGSCOMPRISINGTWOPARTSTHEOLDTESTAMENTANDTHENEWTESTAMENT2THEFORMERISABOUTGODANDTHELAWSOFGODTHELATTER,THEDOCTRINEOFJESUSCHRIST本資料來(lái)自英語(yǔ)自考網(wǎng)HTTP//WWWABSEENET英語(yǔ)自考網(wǎng)WWWABSEENET以優(yōu)質(zhì)資料及高效的訪問(wèn)速度,為大家提供最新自考信息,祝愿大家早日畢業(yè)1.THEMIDDLEAGES(中世紀(jì))(中世紀(jì))(北京市(北京市2002年自考真題名詞解釋)年自考真題名詞解釋)1INEUROPEANHISTORY,THETHOUSANDYEARPERIODFROMTHE5THCENTURYTO15THCENTURYFOLLOWINGTHEFALLOFTHEWESTERNROMANEMPIREINTHEFIFTHCENTURYISCALLEDTHEMIDDLEAGES2THEMIDDLEAGESISSOCALLEDBECAUSEITCAMEBETWEENANCIENTTIMESANDMODERNTIMES3DURINGTHEMEDIEVALTIMESTHEREWASNOCENTRALGOVERNMENTTOKEEPTHEORDERTHEONLYORGANIZATIONTHATSEEMEDTOUNITEEUROPEWASTHECHRISTIANCHURCH4CHRISTIANITYTOOKTHELEADINPOLITICS,LAW,ART,ANDLEARNINGFORHUNDREDSOFYEARSITSHAPEDPEOPLE’SLIVESTHATISWHYTHEMIDDLEAGESISALSOCALLEDTHE“AGEOFFAITH”2.FEUDALISM(封建主義)(封建主義)1)FEUDALISMINEUROPEWASMAINLYASYSTEMOFLANDHOLDINGASYSTEMOFHOLDINGLANDINEXCHANGEFORMILITARYSERVICE2)THEWORD“FEUDALISM”WASDERIVEDFROMTHELATIN“FEUDUM”,AGRANTOFLAND3.FIEFS(封地,采邑)(封地,采邑)1)INFEUDALISM,THERULEROFTHEGOVERNMENTREDIVIDEDTHELARGELANDSINTOSMALLPIECESTOBEGIVENTOCHANCELLORSORSOLDIERSASAREWARDFORTHEIRSERVICE2)THESUBDIVISIONSWERECALLEDFIEFS4VASSALS(諸侯)(諸侯)1INFEUDALISM,THERULEROFTHEGOVERNMENTREDIVIDEDTHELARGELANDSINTOSMALLPIECESTOBEGIVENTOCHANCELLORSORSOLDIERSASAREWARDFORTHEIRSERVICE2THESUBDIVISIONSWERECALLEDFIEFS3THEOWNERSOFTHEFIEFSWCALLVASSALS5CODEOFCHIVALRY騎士制度騎士制度1INTHEMIDDLEAGESOFWESTERNEUROPE,ASAKNIGHT,HEWEREPLEDGEDTOPROTECTTHEWEAK,TOFIGHTFORTHECHURCH,TOBELOYALTOHISLORDANDTORESPECTWOMENOFNOBLEBIRTH2THESERULESWEREKNOWNASCODEOFCHIVALRY,FROMWHICHTHEWESTERNIDEAOFGOODMANNERSDEVELOPED6DUBBING騎士頭銜加冕儀式騎士頭銜加冕儀式AFTERAKNIGHTWASSUCCESSFULINHISTRAILSANDTOURNAMENTS,THEREWASALWAYSASPECIALCEREMONYTOAWARDHIMWITHATITLE,KNIGHTTHISSPECIALCEREMONYISCALLEDDUBBING7THEMANOR莊園莊園1)THECENTREOFMEDIEVALLIFEUNDERFEUDALISMWASTHEMANOR2)MANORSWEREFOUNDEDONTHEFIEFSOFTHELORDS3)BYTHETWELFTHCENTURYMANORHOUSESWEREMADEOFSTONEANDDESIGNEDASFORTRESSESTHEYCAMETOBECALLEDCASTLES8.THECATHOLICCHURCH天主教天主教1INTHEMEDIEVAL“AGEOFFAITH”,ALMOSTALLEUROPEANSBELONGEDTOTHECATHOLICCHURCH2THEWORD“CATHOLIC”MEANT“UNIVERSAL”3THECATHOLICCHURCHWASHIGHLYCENTRALIZEDANDDISCIPLINEDINTERNATIONALORGANIZATIONANDTHEPOPEWASTHEHEADOFTHECHURCHHENOTONLYRULEDROMEANDPARTSOFITALYASAKING,HEWASALSOTHEHEADOFALLCHRISTIANCHURCHESINWESTERNEUROPETHOSEWHOOPPOSEDTHEPOPELOSTTHEIRMEMBERSHIPANDTHEIRPOLITICALRIGHT4THECHURCHEVENSETUPACHURCHCOURTTHEINQUISITIONTOSTAMPOUTSOCALLEDHERESY5LATINWASTHEACCEPTEDOFFICIALLANGUAGEINTHEROMANCATHOLICCHURCH6THISCHURCHHADGREATINFLUENCEONPEOPLE’SDAILYLIFEANDTHEWESTERNTHINKING9.MONASTICISM修道院制度修道院制度1)HEEDINGTHESPIRITUALMESSAGEOFCHRISTIANITY,BETWEEN300AND500AD,MANYMENWITHDREWFROMWORLDLYCONTACTSTODESERTSANDLONELYPLACES2THISMOVEMENTDEVELOPEDINTOTHEESTABLISHMENTOFMONASTERIES(修道院)ANDCONVENTS女修道院FORMONKSANDNUNS3)SOMEOFTHEHERMITSWEREGREATSCHOLARSKNOWNAS“FATHEROFTHECHURCH”,WHOSEWORKISGENERALLYCONSIDEREDORTHODOX4THREEREPRESENTATIVESWERESTJEROME,AUGUSTINEOFHIPPOANDSTBENEDICT10BENEDICTINERULE本尼迪克特教團(tuán)本尼迪克特教團(tuán)1ITWASFOUNDEDBYSTBENEDICT,AGREATMONKIN529AD2THEMONKSWHOFOLLOWEDBENEDICT’SRULEPROMISEDTOGIVEUPALLTHEIRPOSSESSIONBEFOREENTERINGTHEMONASTERY3WORESIMPLECLOTHESANDATEONLYCERTAINSIMPLEFOODS4THEYCOULDNOTMARRYANDHADTOOBEYWITHOUTQUESTIONTHEORDERSOFTHEABBOT5THEYHADTOATTEND
下載積分: 6 賞幣
上傳時(shí)間:2024-03-16
頁(yè)數(shù): 15
大?。?0.16(MB)
子文件數(shù):