江蘇版5年高考3年模擬教師用書專題十五　任務(wù)型閱讀

1、專題十五　任務(wù)型閱讀,高考英語 (江蘇省專用),自主命題·江蘇卷題組Passage 1(2018江蘇)How Arts Promote Our EconomyWhen most people think of the arts, they imagine the end product, the beautiful painting, a wonder-ful piece of music, or an award-w

2、inning performance in the theater. But arts groups bring broader value to our communities. The economic impact of the arts is often overlooked and badly judged.The arts create jobs that help develop the economy. Any gi

3、ven performance takes a tour bus full of artists, technical experts, managers, musicians, or writers to create an appealing piece of art. These people earn a living wage for their professional knowledge and skills.Ano

4、ther group of folks is needed to help market the event.“If you build it they will come”is a misleading belief. Painters, digital media experts, photographers, booking agents and promoters are hired to sell tickets and

5、promote the event. According to the Dallas Area Cultural Advocacy Coali-,五年高考,tion, arts agencies employ more than 10,000 people as full- or part-time employees or independent contractors.A successful arts neighborhood

6、 creates a ripple effect(連鎖反應(yīng)) throughout a community. In 2005, when the Bishop Arts Theatre was donated to our town, the location was considered a poor area of town. After investing more than $1 million in reconstruct

7、ing the building, we began producing a full season of theater performances, jazz concerts, and year-round arts education programs in 2008. Nearly 40 percent of jazz lovers live outside of the Dallas city limits and dri

8、ve or fly in to enjoy an evening in the Bishop Arts District.No doubt the theater has contributed to the area's development and economic growth. Today, there are galleries, studios, restaurants and newly built wor

9、k spaces where neighbors share experiences, where there is renewed life and energy. In this way, arts and culture also serve as a public good.TeCo Theatrical Productions Inc. made use of Bloomberg's investment of $

10、35,000 to get nearly $400,000 in public and private sector support during the two-year period. Further, Dallas arts and arts-based businesses produce$298 for every dollar the city spends on arts programming and facilit

11、ies.,In Philadelphia, a metro area smaller than Dallas, the arts have an economic impact of almost $3 billion and support 44,000 jobs, 80 percent of which actually lie outside the arts industry, including accountants,

12、marketers, construction workers, hotel managers, printers, and other kinds of art workers.The arts are efficient economic drivers and when they are supported, the entire small-business community benefits.It is wrong

13、to assume arts groups cannot make a profit. But in order to stay in business, arts groups must produce returns. If you are a student studying the arts, chances are you have been ill-advised to have a plan B. But those

14、who truly understand the economic impact and can work to change the patterns can create a wide range of career possibilities.,答案[語篇解讀]　本文為說明文。文章向讀者解釋了藝術(shù)是如何推動(dòng)社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的。1.benefit　根據(jù)第一段最后兩句話But arts groups bring broader va

15、lue to our communities. The economic impact of the arts is often overlooked and badly judged. 可知,整個(gè)社會(huì)在經(jīng)濟(jì)層面上從藝術(shù)中獲益很多,但這又被嚴(yán)重忽視,空格處后出現(xiàn)了from,因此填寫benefit,組成benefit from這個(gè)短語,表示“受益于,得益于”。2.Ways　文章的第二至第六段從不同的角度闡述了藝術(shù)是如何推動(dòng)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展

16、的,體現(xiàn)的是不同的方式,因此用way的復(fù)數(shù)形式,根據(jù)左欄上下框形式可知,需大寫首字母。3.joint/collective　根據(jù)第二段的第二句Any given performance takes a tour bus full of artists, technical experts, managers, musicians, or writers to create an appealing piece of art.可知,

17、為了創(chuàng)建有吸引力的藝術(shù),任何特定的演出都需要不同專業(yè)的人員參與,需要的是集體的努力,故填joint或collective。4.promotion/marketing　第二段指出任何演出都需要不同專業(yè)的人員參與,第三段接著指出除了與演出有關(guān)的專業(yè)人員以外,還需要市場營銷人員等一并幫助達(dá)成最終演出的成功,因此填,寫promotion“廣告宣傳”或者marketing“營銷”。5.effect　根據(jù)第四段的第一句A successf

18、ul arts neighborhood creates a ripple effect throughout a community.可知設(shè)空處應(yīng)填寫effect。6.fares　根據(jù)第四段最后一句Nearly 40 percent of jazz lovers live outside of the Dallas city lim-its and drive or fly in to enjoy an evening in t

19、he Bishop Arts District.可知,不住在達(dá)拉斯市的爵士樂愛好者要想來聽音樂會(huì)就得在來往途中花錢,因此空格處填寫fare,由于費(fèi)用不止一項(xiàng),因此用復(fù)數(shù)形式。7.positive　第六段通過幾個(gè)例子來突出在藝術(shù)上進(jìn)行的投資不僅對藝術(shù)本身有益,同時(shí)也在相關(guān)的社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)方面取得了積極的效果,因此本空填寫positive。8.outside/beyond　從第六段最后一句In Philadelphia, a metro

20、 area smaller than Dallas, the arts have an economic impact of almost $3 billion and support 44,000 jobs, 80 percent of which actual-ly lie outside the arts industry, including accountants, marketers, construction work

21、ers, hotel man-agers, printers, and other kinds of art workers.可以看出,對藝術(shù)進(jìn)行投資之后,會(huì)產(chǎn)生很多工作崗位,這些崗位中有80%是藝術(shù)以外的行業(yè),從including后的舉例中也能看出,因此空格處填寫outside或beyond。,9.statistics/data/analyses　根據(jù)文章最后一段的第一句It is wrong to assume arts gr

22、oups cannot make a profit.可知,藝術(shù)團(tuán)體是可以創(chuàng)造利潤的,上文也多次用數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行了證明,所以學(xué)藝術(shù)的學(xué)生在知道了這些數(shù)據(jù)之后沒有必要擔(dān)心他們的事業(yè),故空格處填寫statistics、data或者anal-yses。10.alternative　文章最后一段第三句提到plan B,指的是備用方案,因此空格處填寫alternative“可供替代的”。長難句    

23、原句:Today, there are galleries, studios, restaurants and newly built work spaces where neighbors share experiences, where there is renewed life and energy.分析:本句為主從復(fù)合句。兩個(gè)where分別引導(dǎo)一個(gè)定語從句。譯文:現(xiàn)在,有很多的畫廊、工作室、飯店和新建的工作場所供鄰近的人分

24、享經(jīng)驗(yàn),在那里人們的生活和熱情都被重新激活。重點(diǎn)詞匯　impact n.影響　appealing adj.有魅力的,有吸引力的　contractor n.承包商　pattern n.模式,方式,,Passage 2(2017江蘇)Population ChangeWhy is the world's population growing?The answer is not what you might think. T

25、he reason for the explosion is not that people have been reproducing like rabbits, but that people have stopped dropping dead like flies. In 1900, people died at the average age of 30. By 2000 the average age was 65.

26、But while increasing health was a typical feature of the 20th century, declining birth rate could be a defining one of the 21st.Statistics show that the average number of births per woman has fallen from 4.9 in the ear

27、ly 1960s to 2.5 nowadays. Furthermore, around 50% of the world's population live in regions where the figure is now below the replacement level(i.e.2.1 births per woman)and almost all developed na-tions are experi

28、encing sub-replacement birth rate. You might think that developing nations would make up the loss(especially since 80% of the world's people now live in such nations), but you'd be wrong. Declining birth rate i

29、s a major problem in many developing regions too, which might,cause catastrophic global shortages of work force within a few decades.A great decline in young work force is likely to occur in China, for instance. What do

30、es it imply?First, China needs to undergo rapid economic development before a population decline hits the country. Second, if other factors such as technology remain constant, economic growth and materi-al expectation

31、s will fall well below recent standards and this could invite trouble.Russia is another country with population problems that could break its economic promise. Since 1992 the number of people dying has been bigger than

32、 that of those being born by a massive 50%.Indeed official figures suggest the country has shrunk by 5% since 1993 and people in Russia live a shorter life now than those in 1961. Why is this occurring?Nobody is quite

33、sure, but poor diet and above all long-time alcoholism have much to do with it. If current trends don't bend, Russia's population will be about the size of Yemen's by the year 2050.In the north of India, t

34、he population is booming due to high birth rates, but in the south, where most economic development is taking place, birth rate is falling rapidly. In a further twist, birth rate is highest in poorly educated rural are

35、as and lowest in highly educated urban areas. In total, 2,5% of India's working-age population has no education. In 2030, a sixth of the country's potential work force could be totally uneducated.One solution i

36、s obviously to import foreign workers via immigration. As for the USA, it is almost unique among developed nations in having a population that is expected to grow by 20% from 2010—2030. Moreover, the USA has a track re

37、cord of successfully accepting immigrants. As a result it's likely to see a rise in the size of its working-age population and to witness strong economic growth over the longer term.,答案[語篇解讀]　本文為說明文,題材是社會(huì)科學(xué)類。作者論述了

38、世界人口增長的原因以及低出生率對國家經(jīng)濟(jì)的影響。1.lower　根據(jù)第一段最后一句以及第二段第一句可知,21世紀(jì)的出生率低于(lower than)20世紀(jì)。,Population Change,,2.size/scale　根據(jù)第二段第二句中的and almost all developed nations are experiencing sub-re-placement birth rate可知,幾乎所有的發(fā)達(dá)國家都面臨人口出

39、生率低的問題。故此處指發(fā)達(dá)國家很難維持人口規(guī)模(the size/scale of population)。3.immediate　根據(jù)第二段最后一句可知,在許多發(fā)展中國家,出生率下降是一個(gè)主要問題,這可能在幾十年內(nèi)造成全球?yàn)?zāi)難性的勞動(dòng)力短缺問題。故此處指發(fā)展中國家出生率下降影響可能不是立即就能表現(xiàn)出來的,但卻是災(zāi)難性的。關(guān)鍵信息:within a few decades。4.economic　文章從第三段開始,舉例分析了發(fā)展

40、中國家出生率與經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的關(guān)系。故此處副標(biāo)題應(yīng)為“人口與經(jīng)濟(jì)壓力”。5.old/older　根據(jù)第三段第一句可知,中國很可能面臨年輕勞動(dòng)力人數(shù)的下降問題。故此處指為了保證經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展,中國需要恰當(dāng)解決人口問題,因?yàn)樗膭趧?dòng)力日趨老齡化。關(guān)鍵信息:A great decline in young work force。6.earlier　根據(jù)第四段第三句可知,官方數(shù)據(jù)表明,自從1993年以來,俄羅斯人口已經(jīng)縮減了5%,相比1961年

41、,現(xiàn)在的俄羅斯人更為短壽。故此處指俄羅斯人的早逝(the earlier death of Rus-sians)可能導(dǎo)致人口縮減,這會(huì)使國家未來的經(jīng)濟(jì)受損。,7.living/life　根據(jù)第四段倒數(shù)第二句可知,死亡人數(shù)增多有可能與俄羅斯人不良的飲食習(xí)慣和長期酗酒有關(guān)。故此處應(yīng)指改變?nèi)藗兊纳罘绞?change people's way of living/life)。 8.equality　根據(jù)第五段的后兩句可知,在印度

42、,處于工作年齡段的人中有25%沒有接受過教育,到2030年,可能有六分之一的潛在勞動(dòng)力完全沒有接受過教育。故此處應(yīng)指不考慮出生率的問題,印度如果能實(shí)現(xiàn)教育機(jī)會(huì)的平等(equality of educational opportunity),這個(gè)國家的經(jīng)濟(jì)才有可能騰飛。9.immigration　根據(jù)最后一段的前三句話可知,此處指美國將通過移民提高人口數(shù)量。10.compensate　根據(jù)全文最后一句中的see a rise i

43、n the size of its working-age population可知,外來勞動(dòng)力的輸入可以使美國勞動(dòng)人口得以增長。compensate for表示“彌補(bǔ)”。長難句　原文:Declining birth rate is a major problem in many developing regions too, which might cause catastrophic global shortages of w

44、ork force within a few decades.分析:本句為復(fù)合句。關(guān)系代詞which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句,且which在從句中作主語?！　∽g文:在許多發(fā)展中地區(qū),出生率下降也是一個(gè)主要問題,這可能在幾十年內(nèi)造成全球?yàn)?zāi)難性的勞動(dòng)力短缺問題。重點(diǎn)詞匯　shrink v.收縮　catastrophic adj.災(zāi)難性的,Passage 3(2016江蘇)An Extension of the Human Brain

45、Other people can help us compensate for our mental and emotional deficiencies (欠缺), much as a wooden leg can compensate for a physical deficiency. To be exact, other people can extend our in-telligence and help us unde

46、rstand and adjust our emotions. When another person helps us in such ways, he or she is participating in what I've called a “social prosthetic (義肢的) system”. Such systems do not need to operate face-to-face, and it

47、's clear to me that the Internet is expanding the range of my own social prosthetic systems. It's already a big bank of many minds. Even in its cur-rent state, the Internet has extended my memory and judgment.

48、Regarding memory: Once I look up something on the Internet, I don't need to keep all the details for future use—I know where to find that information again and can quickly and easily do so. More generally, the Inte

49、rnet functions as if it were my memory. This function of the Internet is par-ticularly striking when I'm writing;I'm no longer comfortable writing if I'm not connected to the,Internet. It's become natura

50、l to check facts as I write, taking a minute or two to dip into PubMed,Wikipedia, or other websites.Regarding judgment: The Internet has made me smarter in matters small and large. For example, when I'm writing a

51、textbook, it has become second nature to check a dozen definitions of a key term, which helps me dig into the core and understand its meaning. But more than that, I now regu-larly compare my views with those of many ot

52、hers. If I have a “new idea”, I now quickly look to see whether somebody else has already thought of it, or something similar—and I then compare what I think with what others have thought. This certainly makes my own v

53、iews clearer. Moreover, I can find out whether my reactions to an event are reasonable enough by reading about those of others on the Internet. These effects of the Internet have become even more striking since I'

54、ve begun using a smart-phone. I now regularly pull out my phone to check a fact, watch a video, read weibo. Such activi-ties fill the spaces that used to be dead time (such as waiting for somebody to arrive for a lunch

55、 meeting).,But that's the upside (好處). The downside is that in those dead periods I often would let my thoughts flow and sometimes would have an unexpected insight or idea. Those opportunities are now fewer and fa

56、rther between.,答案[語篇解讀]　他人的幫助像義肢一樣可以彌補(bǔ)我們在智力和情感上的缺陷。在作者看來網(wǎng)絡(luò)擴(kuò)大了他的“社會(huì)義肢體系”,成為他記憶與判斷的延伸。智能手機(jī)使得網(wǎng)絡(luò)的“義肢”功能更加強(qiáng)大,但同時(shí)也帶來了一定的不良影響。1.Internet　根據(jù)第一段倒數(shù)第三句...that the Internet is expanding the range of my own social prosthetic sys

57、tems.可知,網(wǎng)絡(luò)正在擴(kuò)大我自己的社會(huì)義肢體系范圍,即網(wǎng)絡(luò)能夠幫助我們彌補(bǔ)智力和情感上的缺陷,故填I(lǐng)nternet。2.participates/joins　根據(jù)第一段第三句When another person helps us in such ways, he or she is participating in what I've called a “social prosthetic (義肢的) system”.

58、可知,當(dāng)另一個(gè)人以這種方式幫助我們時(shí),他/她正在參與作者所謂的“社會(huì)義肢體系”,而網(wǎng)絡(luò)作為我們的“社會(huì)義肢體系”的一部分,也參與到我們的日常生活當(dāng)中,故填participates/joins。3.keeping　根據(jù)第二段第一句Once I look up something on the Internet, I don't need to keep all the details for future use—I kn

59、ow where to find that information again and can quickly and easily do so.可知,當(dāng)作者上網(wǎng)查信息時(shí),作者不需要記住所有的細(xì)節(jié)來備用,without為介詞,后接動(dòng)名詞,故填keeping。,4.all/different/various　根據(jù)第三段第一句The Internet has made me smarter in matters small and l

60、arge.可知,網(wǎng)絡(luò)讓我們在各種/不同的事情上變得聰明,故填all/different/various。5.heart/core　根據(jù)第三段第二句的when I'm writing a textbook, it has become second nature to check a dozen definitions of a key term, which helps me dig into the core and un

61、derstand its mean-ing可知,當(dāng)作者寫書時(shí),會(huì)本能地在網(wǎng)絡(luò)上查詢關(guān)鍵詞的定義,以便幫助自己找到問題的核心、關(guān)鍵,故填heart/core。6.check　根據(jù)第三段內(nèi)容可知,作者寫作時(shí)會(huì)上網(wǎng)查詢自己的想法是否已經(jīng)有人想到了,并將自己的觀點(diǎn)與他人的進(jìn)行對比,由此推出網(wǎng)絡(luò)讓我們交流思想,以便核實(shí)自己的想法,故填check。7.judge　根據(jù)第三段的Regarding judgment可知,本段的主旨是判斷,由

62、第三段最后一句More-over, I can find out whether my reactions to an event are reasonable enough by reading about those of others on the Internet.可知,網(wǎng)絡(luò)可以幫助我們判斷自身的行為是否合理,故填judge。8.mixed/two　根據(jù)最后兩段可知,智能手機(jī)的作用是兩方面的,有好處(upside),也有壞

63、處,(downside),故填mixed/two。9.convenient　根據(jù)第四段可知,人們利用智能手機(jī)能夠更加方便地核實(shí)資料,看視頻,刷微博,故填convenient。10.reduce　根據(jù)最后一段可知,智能手機(jī)減小了我們創(chuàng)新想法的可能性,故填reduce。高級(jí)語塊　1.compensate for 彌補(bǔ)2.to be exact確切地說3.dig into the core探究核心要點(diǎn)長難句　If I have

64、a “new idea”, I now quickly look to see whether somebody else has already thought of it, or something similar—and I then compare what I think with what others have thought.如果我有一個(gè)“新的想法”,我現(xiàn)在很快去看是不是有其他人也已經(jīng)想到了它,或者類似的一些東西,

65、然后我會(huì)把我所想到的跟他人想到的進(jìn)行對比。本句含有if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句。主句中含有一個(gè)whether引導(dǎo)的賓語從句和兩個(gè)what引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。,Passage 4(2015江蘇)People select news in expectation of a reward.This reward may be either of two kinds.One is relat-ed to what Freud calls the

66、Pleasure Principle,the other to what he calls the Reality Principle.For want of better names,we shall call these two classes immediate reward and delayed reward.In general,the kind of news which may be expected to give

67、 immediate reward are news of crime and corruption,accidents and disasters,sports,social events,and human interest.Delayed reward may be expected from news of public affairs,economic matters,social problems,science,edu

68、cation,and health.News of the first kind pays its rewards at once.A reader can enjoy an indirect experience without any of the dangers or stresses involved.He can tremble wildly at an axe-murder,shake his head sympat

69、hetically and safely at a hurricane,identify himself with the winning team,laugh understand-ingly at a warm little story of children or dogs.News of the second kind,however,pays its rewards later.It sometimes requires