翻譯英語一真題

1、1第一部分考研翻譯真題（第一部分考研翻譯真題（19901990年——20142014年）年）1990年英譯漢試題年英譯漢試題Peoplehavewonderedfalongtimehowtheirpersonalities，behavisarefmed.Itisnoteasytoexplainwhyonepersonisintelligentanotherisnot，whyoneiscooperativeanotheriscompeti

2、tive.Socialscientistsare，ofcourse，extremelyinterestedinthesetypesofquestions.(61)Theywanttoexplainwhywepossesscertainacteristicsexhibitcertainbehavis.Therearenoclearanswersyet，buttwodistinctschoolsofthoughtonthematterhav

3、edeveloped.Asonemightexpect，thetwoapproachesareverydifferentfromeachother.Thecontroversyisoftenconvenientlyreferredtoas‖naturevs.nurture‖.(62)Thosewhosupptthe―nature‖sideoftheconflictbelievethatourpersonalitiesbehavipatt

4、ernsarelargelydeterminedbybiologicalfacts.(63)Thatourenvironmenthaslittle，ifanything，todowithourabilities，acteristicsbehaviiscentraltothisthey.Takentoanextreme，thistheymaintainsthatourbehaviispredeterminedtosuchagreatdeg

5、reethatwearealmostcompletelygovernedbyourinstincts.Thosewhosupptthe―nurture‖they，thatis，theyadvocateeducation，areoftencalledbehaviists.Theyclaimthatourenvironmentismeimptantthanourbiologicallybasedinstinctsindeterminingh

6、owwewillact.Abehaviist，B.F.Skinner，seeshumansasbeingswhosebehaviisalmostcompletelyshapedbytheirsurroundings.Thebehaviistsmaintainthat，likemachines，humansrespondtoenvironmentalstimuliasthebasisoftheirbehavi.Letusexamineth

7、edifferentexplanationsaboutonehumanacteristic，intelligence，offeredbythetwotheies.Supptersofthe―nature‖theyinsistthatwearebnwithacertaincapacityflearningthatisbiologicallydetermined.Needlesstosay，theydon’tbelievethatfacts

8、intheenvironmenthavemuchinfluenceonwhatisbasicallyapredeterminedacteristic.Ontheotherh，behaviistsarguethatourintelligencelevelsaretheproductofourexperiences.(64)Behaviistssuggestthatthechildwhoisraisedinanenvironmentwher

9、etherearemanystimuliwhichdevelophishercapacityfappropriateresponseswillexperiencegreaterintellectualdevelopment.Thesocialpoliticalimplicationsofthesetwotheiesareprofound.IntheUnitedStates，blacksoftenscebelowwhitesonstard

10、izedintelligencetests.Thisleadssome―nature‖proponentstoconcludethatblacksarebiologicallyinferitowhites.(65)Behaviists，incontrast，saythatdifferencesinscesareduetothefactthatblacksareoftendeprivedofmanyoftheeducationalothe

11、renvironmentaladvantagesthatwhitesenjoy.Mostpeoplethinkneitherofthesetheiescanyetfullyexplainhumanbehavi.19911991年英譯漢試題年英譯漢試題Thefactisthattheenergycrisis，whichhassuddenlybeenofficiallyannounced，hasbeenwithusfalongtimenow

12、，willbewithusfanevenlongertime.WhetherAraboilflowsfreelynot，itiscleartoeveryonethatwldindustrycannotbeallowedtodependonsofragileabase.(71)Thesupplyofoilcanbeshutoffunexpectedlyatanytime，inanycase，theoilwellswillallrundry

13、inthirtyyearssoatthepresentrateofuse.(72)Newsourcesofenergymustbefound，thiswilltaketime，butitisnotlikelytoresultinanysituationthatwilleverrestethatsenseofcheapplentifulenergywehavehadinthetimespast.Fanindefiniteperiodfro

14、mhereon，mankindisgoingtoadvancecautiously，consideritselfluckythatitcanadvanceatall.Tomakethesituationwse，thereisasyetnosignthatanyslowingofthewld’spopulationisinsight.3(71)Themethodofscientificinvestigationisnothingbutth

15、eexpressionofthenecessarymodeofwkingofthehumanminditissimplythemodebywhichallphenomenaarereasonedaboutgivenpreciseexactexplanation.Thereisnomedifference，butthereisjustthesamekindofdifference，betweenthementaloperationsofa

16、manofsciencethoseofandinaryperson，asthereisbetweentheoperationsmethodsofabakerofabutcherweighingouthisgoodsincommonscales，theoperationsofachemistinperfmingadifficultcomplexanalysisbymeansofhisbalancefinelygradedweights.(

17、72)Itisnotthatthescalesintheonecase，thebalanceintheother，differintheprinciplesoftheirconstructionmannerofwkingbutthatthelatterismuchfinerapparatusofcoursemuchmeaccurateinitsmeasurementthanthefmer.Youwillunderstthisbetter

18、，perhaps，ifIgiveyousomefamiliarexamples.(73)Youhaveallhearditrepeatedthatmenofsciencewkbymeansofinduction（歸納法）deduction，thatbythehelpoftheseoperations，they，inastofsense，managetoextractfromNaturecertainnaturallaws，thatout

19、ofthese，bysomespecialskilloftheirown，theybuilduptheirtheies.(74)itisimaginedbymanythattheoperationsofthecommonmindcanbebynomeanscomparedwiththeseprocesses，thattheyhavetobeacquiredbyastofspecialtraining.Tohearalltheselarg

20、ewds，youwouldthinkthatthemindofamanofsciencemustbeconstituteddifferentlyfromthatofhisfellowmenbutifyouwillnotbefrightenedbyterms，youwilldiscoverthatyouarequitewrong，thatalltheseterribleapparatusarebeingusedbyyourselvesev

21、erydayeveryhourofyourlives.ThereisawellknownincidentinoneofMoliere’splays，wheretheauthmakestheheroexpressunboundeddelightonbeingtoldthathehadbeentalkingprose（散文）duringthewholeofhislife.Inthesameway，Itrustthatyouwilltakec

22、omft，bedelightedwithyourselves，onthediscoverythatyouhavebeenactingontheprinciplesofinductivedeductivephilosophyduringthesameperiod.(75)Probablythereisnotoneherewhohasnotinthecourseofthedayhadoccasiontosetinmotionacomplex

23、trainofreasoning，oftheverysamekind，thoughdifferingindegree，asthatwhichascientificmangoesthroughintracingthecausesofnaturalphenomena.1994年英譯漢試題年英譯漢試題Accdingtothenewschoolofscientiststechnologyisanoverlookedfceinexpingtheh

24、izonsofscientificknowledge.(71)Sciencemovesfwardtheysaynotsomuchthroughtheinsightsofgreatmenofgeniusasbecauseofmedinarythingslikeimprovedtechniquestools.(72)“Insht”aleaderofthenewschoolcontends“thescientificrevolutionasw

25、ecallitwaslargelytheimprovementinventionuseofaseriesofinstrumentsthatexpedthereachofscienceininnumerabledirections.”(73)Overtheyearstoolstechnologythemselvesasasourceoffundamentalinnovationhavelargelybeenignedbyhistiansp

26、hilosophersofscience.ThemodernschoolthathailstechnologyarguesthatsuchmastersasGalileoNewtonMaxwellEinsteininventssuchasEdisonattachedgreatimptancetoderivedgreatbenefitfromcraftinfmationtechnologicaldevicesofdifferentkind

27、sthatwereusableinscientificexperiments.ThecenterpieceoftheargumentofatechnologyyesgeniusnoadvocatewasananalysisofGalileosroleatthestartofthescientificrevolution.ThewisdomofthedaywasderivedfromPtolemyanastronomeroftheseco

28、ndcenturywhoseelabatesystemoftheskyputEarthatthecenterofallheavenlymotions.(74)Galileosgreatestglywasthatin1609hewasthefirstpersontoturnthenewlyinventedtelescopeontheheavenstoprovethattheplasrevolvearoundthesunratherthan

29、aroundtheEarth.Buttherealheroofthestyaccdingtothenewschoolofscientistswasthelongevolutionintheimprovementofmachineryfmakingeyeglasses.Federalpolicyisnecessarilyinvolvedinthetechnologyvs.geniusdispute.(75)WhethertheGovern