6講淺基礎承載能力

1、footingcolumnpileslabpierabutmentmatfoundationshallowfoundationisolatedfootingcontinuousfootingraftfoundationboxfoundationpilefoundationfootingfoundationstripfootingspreadfootingfrictionpiletimberpiledrivenpiledisplaceme

2、ntpilepointbearingpile地下水位地下水位管涌管涌隆起隆起井點井點降水降水不均勻沉降不均勻沉降預應力預應力預制預制砂漿砂漿承載能力承載能力weakstronghardsoftloosestiffrigidfirmsoundsteadystablebrittleunifm均勻得homogeneous均質的、均勻的isotropic各向同性的anisotropic各向異性的viscouse粘性的cohesive粘性的non

3、cohesive非粘性的cohesionless無粘性的、無內(nèi)聚力的ductile延性的、塑性的的）homogeneoussoilconditions.Theyarealsooftenlimitedbyconsiderationsofsuchfactsasaccess（出入口）toadjacentbuildings（樓房之間的過道）watersewage（下水道）connectionsetc.Therequirementofsafety

4、againstfailureiscenteredaroundtwoprincipalkindsoffailurethatmaybeofconcernindesign：thestructuralfailureofthefoundationthebearingcapacityfailureofthesupptingsoils.Thestructuralfailureofthefoundationmayoccurifthefoundation

5、itselfisnotproperlydesignedtosustain(承受)theimposed（施加的）stresses.Fexampleanimproperly（不當?shù)模﹑roptioned（失調的）inadequately（不足的）reinfcedfootingmat（片筏基礎）mayfailintensioncompressionshearasanyotherreinfcedconcretestructuralmember.

6、Animproperlycastofinadequatelyreinfcedconcretepilemaybebrokenduringhling（人工操作，處理，搬運）driving（打樁）itmayalsobebrokenbyexcessivelateralloadsfwhichitwasnotdesigned.Afreesting（獨立的）steelwoodenpilemaybuckle(彎曲)justasanyothercolum

7、nparticularlyifitissubjectedtocombinedaxialfcesmoments.Allfoundationsmustpossess（具有）aconventional（常規(guī)的，慣例的）safetyagainstsuchfailures.Thissectionisdevotedprimarilyto（致力于）thediscussionoftheproblemofbearingcapacityfailureoft

8、hesoil.Considerthesimplestcaseofashallowfooting(Fig.11.la)subjectedtoaverticalstatictransient（短暫的、瞬時的）loadQ.Iftheverticaldisplacementwofthefoundationisrecded（記錄）astheloadQincreasesaloadsettlementcurvesimilarinshapetoastr

9、essstraincurvemaybeobtained(Fig.11.lb).Theshapeofthiscurvedependsgenerallyonthesizeshapeofthefootingthecomposition（成分、組成）ofthesupptingsoiltheacterratefrequencyoftheloading.NmallythecurvewillindicatetheultimateloadQ0thatt