腦干 ppt課件

1、The brain stem,,The brain stem 腦干,Consists of Midbrain 中腦 Pons 腦橋 Medulla oblongata延髓,（一）腦干的外形 1、延髓的外形 2、腦橋的外形 3、中腦的外形 4、第四腦室,,,,,中腦,腦橋,延髓,第四腦室,Medulla oblongata延髓,Ventral surfacePyramid錐體: contain py

2、ramidal tract (corticospinal tract)Decussation of pyramid錐體交叉: formed by crossing fibers of corticospinal tractOlive橄欖: produced by underlying inferior olivary nucleusAnterolateral sulcus前外側(cè)溝: rootlets of hypoglossal

3、nerve emerge from itRetroolivary sulcus橄欖后溝: rootlets of glossopharyngeal, vagus and accessory nerves emerge from it,Medulla oblongata 延髓,Dorsal surfaceLower portionGracile tubercle薄束結(jié)節(jié): produced by underlying gracile

4、 nucleusCuneate tubercle楔束結(jié)節(jié): marks the site of cuneate nucleusInferior cerebellar peduncle 小腦下腳Obex 閂Upper portion: forms the lower half of rhomboid fossa,Pons 腦橋,Ventral surfaceBasilar part 基底部Basilar sulcus 基底溝

5、Bulbopontine sulcus 延髓腦橋溝: from medial to lateral, the abducent, facial and vestibulocochlear nerves appearMiddle cerebellar peduncle 小腦中腳Trigeminal nerve 三叉神經(jīng)Pontocerebellar trigone 腦橋小腦三角: the junctio

6、n of medulla, pons and cerebellum,,Pons 腦橋,Dorsal surfaceSuperior cerebellar peduncle 小腦上腳Superior medullary velum 前髓帆Trochlear nerve 滑車(chē)神經(jīng),Midbrain 中腦,Ventral surfaceCrus cerebri 大腦腳底Interpeduncular fossa 腳間窩 oculo

7、motor nerves emerge from medial of crus cerebriPosterior perforated substance 后穿質(zhì),Midbrain中腦,Dorsal surfaceSuperior colliculus 上丘constitute centers for visual reflexesInferior colliculus 下丘associated with auditory pa

8、thwayBrachium of superior colliculi 上丘臂Brachium of inferior colliculi 下丘臂,腦干腹側(cè)面,,,,視交叉,視束,橋小腦角,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,舌下神經(jīng),副神經(jīng),迷走神經(jīng),舌咽神經(jīng),前庭蝸神經(jīng),面神經(jīng),展神經(jīng),三叉神經(jīng),動(dòng)眼神經(jīng),滑車(chē)神經(jīng),大腦腳,基底溝,小腦中腳,錐體,橄欖,錐體交叉,腦干背側(cè)面,,,,小腦中腳,小腦下腳,小腦上腳,,滑車(chē)神經(jīng),,,,

9、,,,,,,薄束結(jié)節(jié),楔束結(jié)節(jié),藍(lán)斑,下丘,上丘,面神經(jīng)丘,前庭區(qū),舌下神經(jīng)三角,迷走神經(jīng)三角,Fourth ventricle 第四腦室,Position Situated ventral to cerebellum, and dorsal to pons and cranial half of medulla,Central canal →fourth ventricle →mesencephalic aqueduct→thir

10、d ventricle,,BoundariesInferolateral: gracile and cuneate tubercles, inferior cerebellar peduncleSuperolateral: superior cerebellar peduncleLateral recess,,Features Median sulcus 正中溝Sulcus limitans 界溝Vestibular ar

11、ea前庭區(qū) overlies vestibular nucleiAcoustic tubercle聽(tīng)結(jié)節(jié)overlying dorsal cochlear nucleusMedial eminence 內(nèi)側(cè)隆起 Striae medullares 髓紋,,Facial colliculus面神經(jīng)丘: overlies nucleus of abducent n. and genu of facial nerveHypogloss

12、al triangle 舌下神經(jīng)三角: verlying hypoglossal nucleus Vagal triangle迷走神經(jīng)三角: overlies dorsal nucleus of vagus nerveFuniculus separans分隔索Area postrema 最后區(qū)Locus ceruleus 藍(lán)斑,,Roof Anterior part: formed by superior cereb

13、ellar peduncle and superior medullary velumPosterior part: formed by inferior medullary velum and choroid plexus of fourth ventricleThree aperturesMedian aperture of fourth ventricle 第四腦室正中孔Two lateral apertures of f

14、ourth ventricle 第四腦室外側(cè)孔,示第四腦室,,上髓帆,,,,第四腦室脈絡(luò)叢,第四腦室外側(cè)孔,第四腦室正中孔,（二）腦干的內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu),1、腦干內(nèi)腦神經(jīng)核的排列 （1）軀體運(yùn)動(dòng)柱（8對(duì)） （2）內(nèi)臟運(yùn)動(dòng)柱（4對(duì)） （3）內(nèi)臟感覺(jué)柱（1對(duì)） （4）軀體感覺(jué)柱（5對(duì)）,Internal structures,Gray matterCranial nerve nucleiRelay nuclei,,示腦

15、神經(jīng)核6個(gè)機(jī)能柱,,,,,軀體感覺(jué),內(nèi)臟感覺(jué),內(nèi)臟運(yùn)動(dòng),軀體運(yùn)動(dòng),General somatic motor nuclei 一般軀體運(yùn)動(dòng)核,Nucleus of oculomotor n.動(dòng)眼神經(jīng)核Nucleus of trochlear n. 滑車(chē)神經(jīng)核Nucleus of abducent n. 展神經(jīng)核Nucleus of hypoglossal n.舌下神經(jīng)核,,,,,Special visceral motor

16、nuclei 特殊內(nèi)臟運(yùn)動(dòng)核,Motor nucleus of trigeminal n. 三叉神經(jīng)運(yùn)動(dòng)核Nucleus of facial n. 面神經(jīng)核Nucleus ambiguus 疑核Accessory nucleus 副神經(jīng)核,,,,,General visceral motor nuclei 一般內(nèi)臟運(yùn)動(dòng)核,Accessory o

17、culomotor nucleus 動(dòng)眼神經(jīng)副核Superior salivatory nucleus 上泌涎核Inferior salivertory nucleus 下泌涎核Dorsal nucleus of vagus n. 迷走神經(jīng)背核,,,,,Visceral sensory nuclei ( general and special ),Nucleus of solitary tract 孤束核,,General

18、somatic sensory nuclei,Mesencephalic nucleus of trigeminal n. 三叉神經(jīng)中腦核Pontine nucleus of trigeminal n. 三叉神經(jīng)腦橋核Spinal nucleus of trigeminal n. 三叉神經(jīng)脊束核,,,,Special somatic sensory nuclei,Cochlear nucl

19、ei 蝸神經(jīng)核Vestibular nuclei 前庭神經(jīng)核,,,,2、傳導(dǎo)中繼核延髓：薄束核 楔束核 下橄欖核腦橋：腦橋核 藍(lán)斑核中腦：紅核 黑質(zhì)3、網(wǎng)狀結(jié)構(gòu)的核團(tuán),Gracile nucleus 薄束核Cuneate nucleus 楔束核Inferior olivary nucleus 下橄欖核Superior olivery nucleus 上橄欖核Pontine

20、nucleus 腦橋核Nucleus of inferior colliculus下丘核Gray matter layers of superior colliculus 上丘灰質(zhì)層Red nucleus 紅核Substantia nigra 黑質(zhì)Pretectal area 頂蓋前區(qū),Relay nuclei 傳導(dǎo)中繼核,2、腦干內(nèi)的纖維束,（1）錐體束 皮質(zhì)脊髓束

21、 皮質(zhì)核束（2）內(nèi)側(cè)丘系（3）脊髓丘系（脊髓丘腦束)（4）三叉丘系,,,,,,,內(nèi)側(cè)丘系交叉,內(nèi)側(cè)丘系,背側(cè)丘腦,薄束核,楔束核,內(nèi)側(cè)丘系,,,,脊髓丘系,背側(cè)丘腦,脊髓后角灰質(zhì),脊髓丘系,,,,,三叉神經(jīng)脊束核,三叉神經(jīng)腦橋核,三叉丘系,背側(cè)丘腦,三叉丘系,Lateral lemniscus外側(cè)丘系,,,,,中央前回中、上部中央旁小葉前部,皮質(zhì)脊髓束,皮質(zhì)脊髓側(cè)束,皮質(zhì)脊髓前束,,錐體交叉,,,,,

22、中央前回下部,皮質(zhì)核束,面神經(jīng)核下部,舌下神經(jīng)核,,錐體束,The characters of internal structure of brain stem,平錐體交叉,平內(nèi)側(cè)丘系交叉,平橄欖中部,平腦橋下部,平腦橋中部,平腦橋上部,,平中腦下丘,平中腦上丘,Medulla oblongata,Lower part (closed part)Two decussations– Decussations of medial le

23、mniscus Decussations of pyramid,平錐體交叉,平內(nèi)側(cè)丘系交叉,平橄欖中部,平腦橋下部,平腦橋中部,平腦橋上部,,平中腦下丘,平中腦上丘,Medulla oblongata,Upper part (open part) Appearance of inferior olivary nuculeus and inferior cerebellar peduncle Enlargement of cent

24、ral canal to form the fourth ventricle floor,平錐體交叉,平內(nèi)側(cè)丘系交叉,平橄欖中部,平腦橋下部,平腦橋中部,平腦橋上部,,平中腦下丘,平中腦上丘,平錐體交叉,平內(nèi)側(cè)丘系交叉,平橄欖中部,平腦橋下部,平腦橋中部,平腦橋上部,,平中腦下丘,平中腦上丘,Pons,Tegmentum of pons 腦橋被蓋directed upward continuation of medulla oblong

25、ataBasilar part 基底部 contain both longitudinal and transverse fibers intermixed with pontine nuclei,平錐體交叉,平內(nèi)側(cè)丘系交叉,平橄欖中部,平腦橋下部,平腦橋中部,平腦橋上部,,平中腦下丘,平中腦上丘,平錐體交叉,平內(nèi)側(cè)丘系交叉,平橄欖中部,平腦橋下部,平腦橋中部,平腦橋上部,,平中腦下丘,平中腦上丘,Midbrain,Rect

26、um of midbrain中腦頂蓋: includes superior and inferior colliculiCerebral peduncle 大腦腳Tegmentum 被蓋: contain ascending tracts, central gray matter, recticular formation and so onSubstentia nigra 黑質(zhì)Crus cerebri 大腦腳底:

27、 Pyramidal tract錐體束－ middle three-fifths of the crus:Frontopontine tract額橋束 medial one-fifth: pariatotempopontine tract 頂顳橋束lateral one-fifth,平錐體交叉,平內(nèi)側(cè)丘系交叉,平橄欖中部,平腦橋下部,平腦橋中部,平腦橋上部,,平中腦下丘,平中腦上丘,,Reticular formation o