英語本科畢業(yè)論文-中英現(xiàn)行公務(wù)員體制特點(diǎn)的比較

1、<p><b>　　本科畢業(yè)論文</b></p><p>　　中英現(xiàn)行公務(wù)員體制特點(diǎn)的比較</p><p>　　學(xué)生姓名： </p><p>　　學(xué)生學(xué)號： 200310206149 </p><p>　　院（系）： 外國語學(xué)院 </p>

2、<p>　　年級專業(yè)： 2003級英語本科4班 </p><p>　　指導(dǎo)教師： </p><p><b>　　二〇〇七年五月</b></p><p>　　A Comparison of Characteristics of Present Civil Service System between Britain and

3、 China</p><p><b>　　Ma Qiaoyi</b></p><p>　　Under the Supervision of</p><p>　　Wei Xingcai</p><p>　　School of Foreign Languages and Cultures</p><p&

4、gt;　　Panzhihua University</p><p><b>　　May 2007</b></p><p><b>　　Contents</b></p><p>　　Abstract………………………………………………………………………………...I</p><p>　　Key Wor

5、ds……………………………………………………………………………...I</p><p>　　摘要………………………………………………………………………………...….II</p><p>　　關(guān)鍵詞……………………………………………………………………………....….II</p><p>　　Introduction…………………………………………………………………

6、……........1</p><p>　　I. Similarities…………………………………………………………………………..3</p><p>　　A. Selecting Principle……………………………………………………………….3</p><p>　　B. Combination of Knowledge and Expertise……………

7、………………………....3</p><p>　　C. Position Classification and United Management………………………………...4</p><p>　　D. Implementation of Merit System………………………………………………..5</p><p>　　E. Professional Eth

8、ics and Service Standard……………………………………….6</p><p>　　II. Differences…………………………………………………………………………7</p><p>　　A. Different Categories of Civil Servants………………………………………......7</p><p>　　B.

9、The Law of Civil Servants…………………………………………………...….8</p><p>　　C. Classification of Civil Servants…………………………………………….…....8</p><p>　　D. Political Conception of Civil Servants…………………………………………..9</

10、p><p>　　E. Management of Civil Servants………………………………………………....10</p><p>　　F. Relationship between Civil Servants and Political Party………………….........11</p><p>　　G. Property of Civil Serv

11、ants……………………………………………………....12</p><p>　　H. Two Standards of Talent………………………………………………..............12</p><p>　　Conclusion…………………………………………………………………………....15</p><p>　　Acknowledgements.

12、……………………………………………………………….....16</p><p>　　Bibliography……………………………………………………………………….....17</p><p><b>　　Abstract</b></p><p>　　This thesis mainly discusses the comparison of

13、characteristics of present civil service system between Britain and China. The modern civil service system originates in Britain; the present civil service system in Britain is the development of the modern civil service

14、 system. Similarly, the present civil service system in China also draws lessons from the modern civil service system. So the present civil service system of Britain and China has some similarities, for example, the two

15、countries adh</p><p>　　But because Britain and China have differences in political system and domestic conditions, there are some differences, such as Britain’s not having formal law of civil servant, China’

16、s having it; Britain’s advocating political neutrality, China’s insisting on the basic line of Communist Party and so on. </p><p>　　Through the comparison of characteristics of present civil service system b

17、etween Britain and China, we can understand the present civil service system of Britain and China and find advantages and disadvantages of them, and we can understand whether they are suitable for two countries’ politica

18、l systems and domestic conditions or not.</p><p><b>　　Key Words</b></p><p>　　Civil service system; civil servants; similarity; difference</p><p><b>　　摘　要</b>

19、</p><p>　　本課題主要論及中英兩國現(xiàn)行公務(wù)員制度特點(diǎn)的比較?，F(xiàn)代公務(wù)員制度起源于英國，其現(xiàn)行的公務(wù)員制度是在現(xiàn)代公務(wù)員制度基礎(chǔ)上發(fā)展而來的。中國的公務(wù)員制度在建立過程中借鑒了英國現(xiàn)代公務(wù)員制度的有益經(jīng)驗(yàn)，因而，兩國現(xiàn)行的公務(wù)員制度有著一些共同的特點(diǎn)，如：兩國選拔公務(wù)員都堅持公開、平等、競爭、擇優(yōu)的原則。</p><p>　　但是，由于兩國政治體制和基本國情的不同，兩國現(xiàn)行的公務(wù)員

20、制度也存在不同的特點(diǎn)，如：英國沒有正式的文官法，中國有法可依；英國公務(wù)員提倡政治中立，中國公務(wù)員堅持和體現(xiàn)黨的基本路線等等。</p><p>　　通過對中英兩國現(xiàn)行公務(wù)員制度特點(diǎn)的比較，我們可以更清楚地了解兩國現(xiàn)行的公務(wù)員制度，認(rèn)識到兩國現(xiàn)行公務(wù)員制度的利弊所在，同時了解兩國公務(wù)員制度與兩國的政治體制和基本國情是否相適應(yīng)。</p><p><b>　　關(guān)鍵詞</b>&

21、lt;/p><p>　　公務(wù)員制度；公務(wù)員；相同點(diǎn)；不同點(diǎn)</p><p>　　Introduction</p><p>　　In the modern world, government as the central position of development of economic and society will get more and more atten

22、tion. As a successful government, its function must be limited; its action must be legal; its power must be distributed according to different functions; its decision of a policy must be highly democratic; its informatio

23、n of policy must be highly open. Of course, it also owns a group of civil servants who are intelligent, capable and have high morale. All these must rely on </p><p>　　The modern civil service system originat

24、ed in the middle of 19th century in Britain, and it was the result of power fighting between rising bourgeoisie and feudal power. From 1830 to the ending of 19th century, Britain drafted a series of decrees and policies;

25、 it laid a foundation for the establishment of the whole of modern civil service system. The period between the ending of 19th century and the middle of 20th century was the developing and perfect period of modern civil

26、service system. From</p><p>　　The issue of Temporary Regulations for National Civil Servant was symbol of establishment of present civil service system in China in August 14, 1993. Modern civil service syste

27、m as a system used by most modern countries, which has originated in more than 100 years ago, expresses the common rule of personnel management especially the modern personnel management, China introduced it bravely, ref

28、ormed and used it critically. The present civil service system as a component part of socialism with Ch</p><p>　　I. Similarities</p><p>　　Since the present civil service system in Britain and Ch

29、ina are built on the foundation of the modern civil service system in Britain, there are some similar characteristics between them, such as:</p><p>　　A. Selecting Principle</p><p>　　In the aspec

30、t of choosing of civil servant, Britain and China adopt the selecting principle of fairness, equality, competition and choosing the best. The laws and regulations about civil servant should be published; civil servant’s

31、employment, assessment, encouragement, promotion and demotion, appointment and dismissal should be fair and open. Citizens should get opportunity to join the examination of civil servant and get post equally according to

32、 their abilities. The employment and engagement </p><p>　　B. Combination of Knowledge and Expertise</p><p>　　Regardless of Britain or China, they demand that civil servant’s knowledge structure

33、should be combination of knowledge and expertise. Civil servants manage affairs of country and society; they may meet with difficulties in the process of work. Some difficulties could be solved by expertise, but the othe

34、rs need use literature, history or other knowledge. So civil servants need master expertise, at the same time, they need understand other knowledge. In Britain, government examines the knowledge </p><p>　　C.

35、 Position Classification and United Management</p><p>　　“Classification of position is the starting point of personnel administrative, and also it is the foundation of personnel administrative.”(Weiqing,1994

36、, P641). With regard to the way of civil servant management, Britain and China carry out the policy of classification of position and united management. From 1920 to 1968, the civil servant grading schemes of Britain civ

37、il servants have changed many times, and it is common for old and new systems to be used side by side. All grades from senior civ</p><p>　　D. Implementation of Merit System</p><p>　　The assessme

38、nt system of civil servants in Britain and China is the centre of civil service system. It is the foundation of civil servants’ employment, promotion, salary and welfare, reward and punishment. It provides the guide to i

39、mprove personnel system. Objective and fair assessment is advantageous to encourage fairness and increase efficiency, and it defends the honesty of civil servant contingent. It is the important component part of civil se

40、rvice system, the important link of personnel ad</p><p>　　E. Professional Ethics and Service Standard</p><p>　　In the aspect of civil servant’s working way, Britain and China emphasize that civi

41、l servants must pay special attention to professional ethics and service standard. Civil servants are servants of country and people who assume the responsibility of seeking happiness for people, but because they master

42、power under given conditions, they also have possibility and condition of seeking private interests. So government should strengthen the establishment of professional ethics. In Britain, the profes</p><p>　　

43、II. Differences</p><p>　　We can’t deny that the modern civil service system was developed and reasonable, the present civil service system in Britain and China keep some merits of the modern civil service sy

44、stem, so they have some similar characteristics. But as all know, Britain and China are different countries; they have differences in political system, domestic conditions and culture, so there are some different charact

45、eristics in the present civil service system, such as:</p><p>　　A. Different Categories of Civil Servants</p><p>　　The categories of civil servants are different. Generally, we think British civ

46、il servant is the permanent bureaucracy in central administrative department except political worker. It doesn’t include Member of Parliament, prime minister, minister, political secretary, judge, soldier and worker of g

47、overnment enterprise or local government. British civil servants retain their jobs when a new government is elected. In other words, they can hold the post permanently only if they don’t make serious m</p><p&g

48、t;　　B. The Law of Civil Servants</p><p>　　Britain has no formal law of civil servant, but China has it. We know that Britain has always the law culture of unwritten law, government and people are restrained

49、by behavioral criteria and game rules that people accept universally, so Britain has no formal law of civil servant. The regulations about civil servant are released through decision, command, and routine by all previous

50、 cabinets. It makes Britain short of overall and exact definition of civil servant. On the contrary, China has alwa</p><p>　　C. Classification of Civil Servants</p><p>　　The present civil servic

51、e system in Britain divides civil servants into two kinds of staff, the present civil service system in China demands unity of politics and profession. British civil servants were divided into political servants and prof

52、essional servants. The political servants only occupy a few proportions, they are through election, they are limited by term of office, and the job was decided by victory or defeat of election. They are responsible for c

53、arrying out of policy. The professio</p><p>　　D. Political Conception of Civil Servant</p><p>　　The present civil service system in Britain demands that civil servant must keep political neutral

54、ity, but the present civil service system in China demands civil servant must adhere to the basic line of Communist Party. The modern civil service system is direct product of western political party system. The western

55、countries want to hold the reins of government by turns, but they also want to keep away from the phenomenon of spoils system. So they emphasize civil servant, especially professiona</p><p>　　E. Management o

56、f Civil Servants</p><p>　　The present civil service system in Britain implements separation of central authorities and local authorities, the present civil service system in China adheres to combination of c

57、entral authorities and local authorities. Separation of authority vertically is one of characteristics of British personnel system. Britain is an island country, every island has different culture, and these islands are

58、far from continent. So it doesn’t worry about intrusion of enemy, doesn’t need central concentratio</p><p>　　F. Relationship between Civil servants and Political Party</p><p>　　The present civil

59、 service system in Britain demands that civil servant divorce from the political party, but the civil service system in China demands that civil servant adhere to the principle of the Communist Party assuming the respons

60、ibility for cadres’ affairs. The present civil service system in Britain emphasizes that civil servants and their management must be independent from political party, the political party couldn’t interfere with promotion

61、 of civil servant. It’s decided by the syst</p><p>　　G. Property of Civil Servants</p><p>　　British civil servant is an independent benefit group, but the present civil service system in China e

62、mphasizes that civil servant must serve the people heart and soul. British civil servant is an independent benefit group, it is employer-employee relationship between government and civil servant, government is employer,

63、 while civil servant is employee. Civil servants obey needs of government, serve for government’s profits. They can negotiate with government through trade union, demand salary a</p><p>　　H. Two Standards of

64、 talent</p><p>　　The present civil service system in Britain advocates employing general talent, but the present civil service system demands that civil servant should be the talent who possesses both compet

65、ency and political integrity. Britain pays attention to standard of general talent, when government chooses civil servant, it attaches importance to talent’s level of education, literary accomplishment, knowledge structu

66、re, comprehensive faculty, inferential ability and judgment. British always have the tradi</p><p>　　but also abundant. They should master professional knowledge, and should understand something about past an

67、d present, at home and abroad, about literature, history and philosophy, about finance, commerce and trade. Thirdly, civil servants should adhere to pragmatism and creativity; enrich knowledge and capability through prac

68、tice. </p><p>　　Conclusion</p><p>　　Through the comparison of characteristics of present civil service system between Britain and China, we can see that the present civil service system in Brita

69、in and China has similarities and differences. It is because Britain was built and developed gradually with the development of market economy and bourgeois democratic politics. It reflects the scientific method of market

70、 economy and modern administrative management, and it has the brand of bourgeois politics. The present civil service syste</p><p>　　China is a developing country; it is in the important period of development

71、. In order to meet demands of development, the present civil service system must be carried out under The Law of Civil Servant and must adhere to Chinese characteristics of civil service system consistently. Civil servan

72、ts must sum up practical experience and absorb beneficial experience of foreign countries in time. The government must reinforce and improve Communist Party’s leading and build the excellent civil service </p><

73、;p>　　Acknowledgements</p><p>　　I would like to take this opportunity to thank my tutor — Wei Xing-cai, who offers me academic and constructive advice on composing this paper. His encouragement and help ar

74、e worthy of high acknowledgement.</p><p>　　And I also would like to take this opportunity to thank Ms. Li Li-qin, who is my thesis course teacher and gives me some advice on how to write a paper. At the same

75、 time, I would like to thank all the teachers of the School of Foreign Languages and Cultures.</p><p>　　Here, I would like to thank library assistants of Panzhihua University for it offers me very useful mat

76、erials on Civil Service System that helps me with this paper. </p><p>　　At last, I should give thanks to all my teachers, friends and the roommates for their great help. I hope they all get bright future. &

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