英語論文 淺談中西飲食文化的差異

1、<p>　　ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS</p><p>　　Here and now, I would like to extend my sincere thanks to all those who have helped me make this thesis possible and better. </p><p>　　Firstly, I am deeply g

2、rateful to my honorable supervisor, Ge xiaoxia, who has checked through my thesis with patience and given me instructive suggestions. Without her enlightening instruction, impressive kindness and patience, I could not ha

3、ve completed my thesis.</p><p>　　Then thanks goes to the teachers and professors who have taught me over the past year of study and have helped me to develop the fundamental and essential academic competence

4、.</p><p>　　Finally, I am very grateful to my lovely friends and classmates who give me valuable advice on my thesis and discussed with me about my thesis, especially my five lovely roommates.</p><

5、p><b>　　ABSTRACT</b></p><p>　　Diet is absolutely necessary in the life of mankind, and even in the existence or development. Because of the differences between Chinese and western cultural trad

6、itions, the Chinese and western dietary cultures are different in concept, target, pattern, attribution and nature. We study these differences and then find out the points that can be digested, in order to facilitate the

7、 communication about cultures between China and the west. Taiwan Professor Zhang Qijun said, “The old saying, 'Eat, d</p><p>　　Key words：intercultural communication; food dietetic culture; culture differ

8、ences</p><p><b>　　摘 要 </b></p><p>　　飲食是人類生活、生存與發(fā)展的必需，可是由于中西方文化傳統(tǒng)的差異，導(dǎo)致了中西方飲食文化在觀念、對象、方式、歸屬與性質(zhì)方面產(chǎn)生了差異，研究這些差異，找出可以融會(huì)貫通的地方，促進(jìn)中西文化交流。臺(tái)灣張起鈞教授說過“古語說‘飲食男女人之大欲存焉’。就這樣的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)而論，西方文化（特別是近代美國式的文化）

9、可說是男女文化，而中國可說是一種飲食文化?！庇捎谖幕瘋鹘y(tǒng)的緣故，西方人的人生傾向男女關(guān)系，而中國人由于對男女關(guān)系的褊狹，把人生精力傾泄導(dǎo)向于飲食。由此賦予飲食以豐富的文化內(nèi)涵，雖然飲食文化在西方不夠發(fā)達(dá)，但這種不發(fā)達(dá)本身也是一種文化發(fā)展的結(jié)果，所以對中西飲食文化的比較仍有意義。通過對中西飲食文化差異的分析，我們可以了解中西方各自的文化傳統(tǒng)；同時(shí)能對中國文化進(jìn)行改善與創(chuàng)新。</p><p>　　關(guān)鍵詞：飲食文化;文

10、化傳統(tǒng);差異</p><p><b>　　CONTENTS</b></p><p>　　ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSi</p><p>　　ABSTRACTii</p><p>　　CONTENTSiv</p><p>　　Introduction1</p><p&

11、gt;　　Chapter One Chinese and Western Food Dietetic Culture2</p><p>　　1.1 Characteristics of Chinese food dietetic culture2</p><p>　　1.2 Characteristics of the Western food dietetic culture……

12、………………錯(cuò)誤!未定義書簽。</p><p>　　Chapter Two Differences in the performance of Chinese and Western Food.錯(cuò)誤!未定義書簽。</p><p>　　2.1 Differences between Chinese and Western diet concept4</p><p&

13、gt;　　2.2 Differences between Chinese and Western diet objects 錯(cuò)誤!未定義書簽。</p><p>　　2.3 Differences between Chinese and Western diet manner, tableware and etiquette6 </p><p>　　2.4 Differences b

14、etween Chinese and Western diet nature6</p><p>　　Chapter Three Reasons for the differences between Chinese and Western food dietetic culture 9</p><p>　　3.1 The impact of the geographical envi

15、ronment9</p><p>　　3.2 The impact of the economic system 9</p><p>　　Chapter Four Conclusion11</p><p>　　REFERENCES12</p><p>　　Introduction</p><p>　　With

16、the deepening of the international communication, in different countries or cultural background, the communication of people are increasing all the time, and the communication between them is called intercultural communi

17、cation. Intercultural communications gradually becomes an indispensable content of people's life. Due to the differences of regional, different nations and countries form different cultures. People with different cu

18、ltural backgrounds behavior or habits is endless and same, </p><p>　　The diet is the first need for human’s survival and development; also it is the one of the basic form of social life. However under the di

19、fferent cultural background, having different diet idea and diet custom, then finally form the different diet culture. language learners, not only increase the understanding of the target language culture, </p>&l

20、t;p>　　but also improve the success rate of intercultural communication, avoid the misunderstandings and communication barriers just because of the inappropriate way or behavior .In Sun Weixue’s book <<culture of

21、 America>>, he once pointed out any country in the world should carry out cultural exchanges and publicity actively, this is not only benefit to their native culture, but also spread the culture in worldwide .(Sun

22、Weixue, 2004) This paper expounded from various of the</p><p>　　differences between Chinese and western food dietetic culture, enhance mutual understanding and facilitate communication.</p><p>　

23、　Chapter one Chinese and Western Food Dietetic Culture </p><p>　　1.1 Characteristics of Chinese food dietetic culture </p><p>　　China is one of the most ancient countries on the world, it has

24、the long history of 5000 years, and created innumerable splendid civilization. In this culture, it makes China contain more expansive and profound diet. It has experienced several thousand years of history development,

25、and has become one of the most important Chinese traditional cultures of department.</p><p>　　Because of the district difference in our land, it gradually formed four major cuisines that is Sichuan cuisine,

26、Guangdong cuisine, Shandong cuisine and Chaozhou cuisine. This four major cuisine have different features, but in common is with making complex fastidious, the product methods are very complex, and have a great diversity

27、 of taste and dishes, this is amazing. Because of our vast land, there are differences in climate, products and custom in every place. For a long time, on food was for</p><p>　　flavor cleaner; in the winter

28、more braised stews, summer more cold. </p><p>　　In the long-term development, evolution and accumulation process, Chinese people gradually formed its own unique food folk from many aspects, such as diet stru

29、cture, food production, food utensils, nutrition healthy and diet aesthetic, this created a diet with unique flavor of the Chinese food culture, become a pearl of the world food culture.</p><p>　　1.2 Charact

30、eristics of the Western food dietetic culture</p><p>　　Rational westerners pay more attention to the nutrition and survival. Due to the different philosophical thoughts of Chinese and western, westerners in

31、diet takes the </p><p>　　science, takes the science about nutrition, so the nutrition is the supreme principle in the western diet.</p><p>　　Eating like a biological machine add fuel, especially

32、 about the food's nutrition composition, protein, fat, carbohydrates, vitamins and all kinds of inorganic element content,( Dang Binghua, 2010) whether calorie supply properly, and whether these nutrients can be full

33、y absorbed, and presence of other side effects, and dishes color, fragrance and taste is the second requirement. Even in the west’s leading power – France, even though in many aspects the diet culture is similar with our

34、 diet, but </p><p>　　In the culture of diet, westerners have the culture descent of nomads and sailing nationality, they hunting, breeding, aided by acquisition and planting, they eat more meet, the eating,

35、wearing and using are took of animals, even the western medicine are made from animals to take. Pay more attention to animal protein and fat intake, in the structure of diet, also with animal figurines in the majority, i

36、t is mainly dishes, beef, chicken, pork, mutton and fish. So the meat diet has been very high </p><p>　　Chapter two Scarlett’s Pursuit of Freedom</p><p>　　2.1 Differences between Chinese and

37、Western diet concept</p><p>　　Chinese people are thinking highly of eat. “Bread is the staff of life”, this old adage explained that we see eating as important as days. Because our national for thousands of

38、years are in the low level of productivity, people always do not have enough to eat, so they would have a unique food culture that eating is very important. I think this is probably from a survival to needs. Li Xiaohong

39、pointed out: “If a culture put ate as primary, so it will appear two phenomena: on one hand will put th</p><p>　　In China, the pursuit of delicious reached almost acme, Chinese living overseas to open restau

40、rants for industry in the world, it has become our settlement fundamental. Unfortunately, when we put the pursuit of delicious as the first requirement, we are neglecting the most fundamental nutritional value of food. M

41、any of our traditional foods are through hot fried and long time boil, cover the dish nutrients to sabotage, many nutrients are loss in the machining process. As a result of nutrition pr</p><p>　　European is

42、 represented the western, also, his culture has a long history. In the middle ages, the European culture has very perfect, during this period; the old western food culture has been formed. Its main features are: most foo

43、d with flour primarily, raw material also more abundant, its production method is simple, but also in China pays much attention to taste.</p><p>　　China's five mixed cookery aims to pursue delicious, its

44、 processing process of </p><p>　　hot fried and long time of fire, this can make dishes nutrients were damaged. (Lin Lirui, 2009) In western countries, especially in 1960s, appearing the emergence of modern c

45、ooking thought, with particular emphasis on health care, reduce weight, thus less oil, emphasize the pursuit of light by fresh materials, emphasizing the cooking process of nutrients and maintain the original taste, so t

46、he vegetables are basically raw. So says the heavy nutrition in western diet is universal.</p><p>　　2.2 The Reasons for Pursuit of Freedom</p><p>　　Scar Westerners believe that cuisine is the lo

47、nging, so only eat of meat, chicken this "hard food"; While Chinese cuisine is "taste". So the Chinese cooking with makings also show great randomness, many westerners as something is the outcast, thi

48、s in China are excellent raw material, foreign chefs can't handle this things, but to a Chinese chef hands, this can turn decayed for magical. It serves to show the Chinese diet in the wide randomness of materials.&l

49、t;/p><p>　　According to the survey of western plant scholars, Chinese eat vegetables have more than 600 specious, it is six times more than the west. In fact, in the Chinese dishes, vegetarian dishes are common

50、 food, only in holidays or volunteers at the higher living standards, it can enters the usual diet, so since ancient times, we will have saying of "food feed", food feed is the dominant statement in our usual d

51、iet. The Chinese make plant as the main dish, and has a lot of contact with the advocacy of</p><p>　　Westerners in introducing the food characteristic of their own country, they feel more attention about rea

52、sonable collocation of nutrition than China. They have more developed food industry, such as canned, fast food. Although the taste is common, saving time and the nutrition is good. So in common, human body of their count

53、ry is stronger than Chinese: tall, long legs, broad shoulders and developed muscle; But Chinese appears narrow skinny, short legs and the color is yellow. Someone </p><p>　　Westerners believe that cuisine is

54、 the longing, so only eat of meat, chicken this "hard food"; While Chinese cuisine is "taste". So the Chinese cooking with makings also show great randomness, many westerners as something is the outca

55、st, this in China are excellent raw material, foreign chefs can't handle this things, but to a Chinese chef hands, this can turn decayed for magical. It serves to show the Chinese diet in the wide randomness of mater

56、ials.</p><p>　　According to the survey of western plant scholars, Chinese eat vegetables have more than 600 specious, it is six times more than the west. In fact, in the Chinese dishes, vegetarian dishes are

57、 common food, only in holidays or volunteers at the higher living standards, it can enters the usual diet, so since ancient times, we will have saying of "food feed", food feed is the dominant statement in our

58、usual diet. The Chinese make plant as the main dish, and has a lot of contact with the advocacy of</p><p>　　Westerners in introducing the food characteristic of their own country, they feel more attention ab

59、out reasonable collocation of nutrition than China. They have more developed food industry, such as canned, fast food. Although the taste is common, saving time and the nutrition is good. So in common, human body of thei

60、r country is stronger than Chinese: tall, long legs, broad shoulders and developed muscle; But Chinese appears narrow skinny, short legs and the color is yellow. Someone </p><p>　　according to the obvious di

61、fferences in characteristic of western diet object, the </p><p>　　Chinese character known as the plants, the Western character known as animals.</p><p>　　2.3 Differences between Chinese and West

62、ern diet manner, tableware and etiquette</p><p>　　Chinese and Western food is quite different from the way that such differences also have an impact on the national character. In China, any of the feast, wha

63、tever the purpose, there will be only one form, that is, we were sitting around, sharing one seat. The banquet must use the round table; this formally has created one kind of unity, politeness, altogether the interest at

64、mosphere. The delicacy delicacies put on table of people's centers, it not only is the object which table of people appreci</p><p>　　Freedom westerner is individual serving when they eating, the first is

65、 the point of all the food, they can eat what something, and it also showed respect for the West on the personality. After serving up, people eat the entire various one and their random add spices, the second course dish

66、 to eat after eating, before and after the two never mixed vegetables to eat. The most popular form of buffet in western is individual eating, incompatible interference, and lack of the emotional appeal for cha</p>

67、<p>　　In the western-style banquets, food and wine are very important, but in fact it is setoff. The core of banquet in friendship, through the conversation with neighbors, in order to achieve the friendship. If t

68、he companionship of party is compared with</p><p>　　dance, then it can be said that Chinese banquet is like collective dance, and western banquet is like dancing between women and men. Therefore, the purpose

69、 of companionship is obvious between Chinese banquet and western banquet, only Chinese banquet more reflected in all guest, and western banquet more reflected the friendship between adjacent guests. And Chinese food is m

70、ore obvious differences between them were western popular buffet. This method is: we need display all the food, should not fi</p><p>　　Therefore, in the final analysis is differences between perceptual and r

71、ationality. However, the difference seems to be with the development of science and become blurred. More and more Chinese no longer only paying attention to food color, fragrance and taste, they pay more attention to its

72、 health and nutrition. Especially after the experience of SARS. Also, because of people are more and more busy with job, they think when doing the Chinese food is too much trouble, not equal convenient to com</p>

73、<p>　　Diet tableware；In the space of diet tableware, the differences are more obvious. As we know, Chinese people including some Asian countries, use chopsticks, spoon, when they have a meal also use bowl to fill. B

74、ut how about westerners? They are fill food use plate, to use a knife and fork to eat, there are specialized spoon to drink soup. Chopsticks and knife, fork as two kinds of representative tableware for the east and west

75、, they affected the different lifestyle of eastern and western, represe</p><p>　　As we know the emergence of a knife and fork is much later than chopsticks, it was originally the ancient nomadic

76、60;origin and the European lifestyle; they carry knives for live, and often cooked the meat, then cut off to eat. After settle the city, the knives and forks in

77、to the family kitchen, at this time, people just do not have to </p><p>　　carry them. However, only about the 18th century, there was found the fork for four </p>&l

78、t;p>　　fork. Therefore, western people using a knife and fork, just four or five hundred years of history. Compared with the simple chopsticks, the type of knife and fork much mo

79、re, knife and fork belong to the special tools, but because of this "special" often show "great wisdom appears stupid", so they are often ignored by their people.</p><p>　　

80、Different people have different views, it is difficult to draw the conclusions that the relationship of thinking method between chopsticks and knife and fork. However, there is scientific basis of use of chopsticks

81、is better training your thinking ability. From a physiological point of view, Hu Wenzhong has made a study of chopsticks, he found that when you eating with chopsticks, it affect the human body of thirty joints and fifty

82、 muscles, there by stimulating the activity of brain systems, it </p><p>　　Diet etiquette；In etiquette, both in the west and Chinese are even more different. In ancien

83、t China, during people have the dinner, they have a set of unnecessary and over elaborate formalities. When people eat together, not just eat their own interests. If you eat with others, you must check the hands clean. D

84、o not put extra food into the pot, and do not post occupied food. After dinner, guests should pack up and move the dishes on the table, take them to the master, then the master get off, yo</p><p>　　with the

85、distance.</p><p>　　2.4 Differences between Chinese and Western diet nature</p><p>　　From the different concepts, the western diet tends to scientific and rational, </p><p>　　Chinese

86、 food tends to artistic and emotional. After cooking the delicious food, diet was originally designed to supply a life-sustaining nutrition.</p><p>　　Li Mingying said: “the focus of

87、the western diet custom raw diet is just an extension of utility, and customs of the Chinese diet's emphasis on flavor, put the food into the art. We can see the poin

88、t from two different diet concepts, the western diet is increasing normalization, and the Chinese diet is more randomness. ( Li Mingying, 1997: 03)</p><p>　　Chapter Three Reasons for the differences between

89、Chinese and Western food dietetic culture </p><p>　　3.1 The impact of the geographical environment</p><p>　　China is the closed continental geographical, this environment limited the thinking o

90、f the Chinese people within the local community, they good at summing up the experiences and lessons from their predecessors, they like “history as a mirror”, and their spatial awareness is weak. (Bian Haoyu, 2004) This

91、mentality of inward-looking led to the Chinese people have the personality of stability and quiet, they lack of curiosity about the new things, and also they lack of interest in the unknown thing</p><p>　　Th

92、e majority of western countries are in the open ocean environment of geography, they developed industry and seafaring, since the ancient Greece, they have valued the study of natural objects, and they exploring the myste

93、ries of the natural heritage. At the same time, the marine environment, mountain tsunami, unrest, this all constitutes the personality of the western nation pay attention to the space expansion and military conquest. So

94、westerners have a scientific attitude of the food diet, th</p><p>　　3.2 The impact of the economic system</p><p>　　Marx once said: “Ideas of consciousness is initially directly with people produ

95、ce the material activity, and people's physical contact and the reality of language intertwined production.” (Marx, 1972: 89) This point of view clear expressed the symbiotic isomorphism relations between the cultura

96、l and economic activity. Peter, Koslowski also said that, “the most important economic behavior is decided by the cultural, their cultural engraved with cultural cachet.”(Peter, Koslowski, 1999: 229) The r</p><

97、;p>　　The ancient Greek civilization of the west is originated in the Aegean coast, belongs to the Marine civilization, besides Europe's farming is not far as China's agriculture as important in ancient society

98、, so the Europeans like to explore the world, and their cultural is more comparative extroversion. Lai Anfang is mentioned in the book of <<An outline introduction to Britain and America>>, “pursuit of freedo

99、m and equality has been the guiding principles and goal of the western culture.”(Lai Anf</p><p>　　westerners have stronger struggle spirit and legal consciousness to protect one’s own</p><p>　　i

100、nterest. These also can manifest in their eating habits.</p><p>　　splitting logs here in the mud, but I do mind what a stand is for. I do mind very s a tomb, and all her wealth </p><p>　　Chapter