板塊的構(gòu)造基礎(chǔ)

1、板塊的構(gòu)造基礎(chǔ) 板塊的構(gòu)造基礎(chǔ) Based on plate tectonic基本論點(diǎn) 基本論點(diǎn)： Basic argument地球外部的巖石圈并非完整的一塊，它被構(gòu)造活動(dòng)帶分割成許多塊體，稱(chēng)為板塊巖石圈板塊漂浮在軟流圈之上，不斷地生長(zhǎng)、移動(dòng)、消亡。The lithosphere outside the Earth is not a complete one piece, it was split in

2、to many blocks because of the tectonic activity, known as the Plate。Lithosphere plates floating on the asthenosphere,constantly grow, move and demise.板塊邊界是地球表面最活動(dòng)的地帶，絕大多數(shù)地震、火山分布于活動(dòng)帶上，而板塊內(nèi)部則是相對(duì)穩(wěn)定的地區(qū)。The most active area o

3、f the Earth surface is plate boundary,where most earthquakes and volcanic distribute on, while the region within the plate is relatively stable. 板塊運(yùn)動(dòng)是形成地表各種構(gòu)造形變根本原因。Plate tectonic movement is the root cause of various o

4、f the Earth surface structural deformation形成原因： 形成原因：Causes:發(fā)現(xiàn)大西洋兩岸的輪廓竟如此相互對(duì)應(yīng)，特別是巴西東端的直角突出部分，與非洲西岸呈直角凹進(jìn)的幾內(nèi)亞灣非常吻合 Both sides of the Atlantic that has the outline of such a mutual counterparts, particularly the eastern end

5、 of the rectangular Brazil prominent part of the West Bank and the African Aojin a right angle of the Gulf of Guinea is very anastomosis.遠(yuǎn)隔重洋的大西洋兩岸，許多生物之間存在著親緣關(guān)系，保存在地層中的古生物化石存在相似性 In the both sides of the Atlantic are se

6、parated by vast oceans，many of relationship exists between, stored in the formation of fossils exist similarity.在大洋兩岸的大陸對(duì)應(yīng)位置上的地質(zhì)構(gòu)造可以相互拼接 In the ocean on both sides of the mainland counterparts on the location of the geol

7、ogical structure can be mutually Mosaic.結(jié)論： 結(jié)論：Conclusion大約在兩億年前，地球上現(xiàn)有的大陸—?dú)W亞大陸、美洲、非洲、南極洲和澳大利亞曾是彼此相連，構(gòu)成一個(gè)統(tǒng)一的超級(jí)大陸—岡瓦納大陸 About two million years ago, existing on the planet - Europe and Asia, the Americas, Africa, Antarctic

8、a and Australia was connected to each other, forming a unified super - Gondwana continent.當(dāng)時(shí)大西洋尚未出現(xiàn)，北美東岸緊挨在非洲撒哈拉大沙漠的西緣 At that time, the Atlantic has not yet appeared, the North American east coast close to the Sahara De

9、sert in Africa's western border.我國(guó)西藏的南緣，卻是一片汪洋大海 China's Tibet's southern edge, it is an ocean.印度次大陸遠(yuǎn)在相距萬(wàn)里以外的大洋彼岸，它與南極洲緊緊相連 Far away from the Indian subcontinent in Miles away from the other side of the ocean

10、, closely linked with the Antarctic.以后，這塊超級(jí)大陸開(kāi)始四分五裂，美洲相對(duì)于歐洲和非洲向西漂移。而印度 次大陸脫離南極洲向北漂移 After the beginning of this super continent torn apart, the east India The Ceylon Island, followed in South America and the southern tip

11、 of the Malvinas Islands.并且掉隊(duì)愈遠(yuǎn)，島嶼愈小 And from the more distant, smaller islands.之后的進(jìn)展： 之后的進(jìn)展：After the progress魏格納的學(xué)說(shuō)曾經(jīng)盛行一時(shí)。但是，硅鎂層實(shí)際是剛性的，硅鋁質(zhì)大陸不能在其上航行，人們不了解有什么機(jī)制能使大陸發(fā)生漂移。Eugene was the prevailing theory 1:00. However, the

12、 real-Si-Mg layer is rigid, silicon aluminum on the mainland can not be in their voyage, people do not know what mechanism can drift in the mainland.大陸漂移說(shuō)本身的依據(jù)還不足，某些證據(jù)可作另外的解釋?zhuān)绕涫侨狈Χ康淖C據(jù)，不易使人信服。加之傳統(tǒng)的固定論勢(shì)力強(qiáng)大，大陸漂移說(shuō)在一些地質(zhì)學(xué)和地球

13、物理學(xué)權(quán)威的極力反對(duì)之下，未能得到廣泛的支持而逐漸衰落Continental drift that itself is also the basis for the lack of evidence for some other explanation, especially the lack of quantitative evidence, not convincing. In addition, the traditional f

14、ixed on the powerful, continental drift that in a number of Geology and Geophysics under the authority of the strong opposition, failed to receive broad support and gradually fading.杜.托伊特提出古生代不只一個(gè)而是有兩個(gè)聯(lián)合古陸，即北半球的勞亞古陸和南半球的

15、岡瓦納古陸，其間為特提斯海分開(kāi) MRS. Paleozoic Toit made more than one but two joint ancient land, that is, the Northern Hemisphere land Laurasia and Gondwana ancient land of the southern hemisphere, which is separated from Tethys.認(rèn)為是重力

16、驅(qū)動(dòng)大陸漂移，大陸塊由于邊緣地槽堆積負(fù)載而略?xún)A斜，重力使它在地幔上滑向大洋，大陸中心受到拉張產(chǎn)生裂陷，這些裂陷使得巖漿得以上升而使裂陷地區(qū)進(jìn)一步裂開(kāi)和穹起，進(jìn)而促使大陸外移 That is gravity-driven continental drift, the mainland to block the edge because of the accumulation tank load and slightly tilted, t

17、he mantle of gravity so that it slid on the ocean, the mainland centres have been stretching rift, the rift magma to make up 而使 rift In further disruption and Qiong, then the relocation to the mainland霍爾姆斯的地幔對(duì)流驅(qū)動(dòng)大陸漂移 Hol

18、mes, the mantle convection drive continental drift現(xiàn)代的概念： 現(xiàn)代的概念：The modern concept大陸漂移是在巖石圈與軟流圈界面上漂移 Continental drift in the lithosphere and the asthenosphere interface drift.即由地殼和地幔蓋層組成的巖石圈板塊，馱載在緩慢流動(dòng)的低速層之上，后者起了一個(gè)潤(rùn)滑作

19、用，使得上覆的巖石圈板塊受海底擴(kuò)張和地幔對(duì)流等作用而向 兩側(cè)移動(dòng) That is, from the cover composition of the crust and upper mantle of lithosphere plates, piggyback on the slow movement of low-velocity layer above, the latter played a role in lubricatio

20、n, making the overlying plate lithosphere by seafloor spreading and mantle convection to the role of Bilateral mobile.大陸漂移的證據(jù)： 大陸漂移的證據(jù)：The evidence of continental drift大陸的拼合 Pieced together in the mainland 古生物證據(jù) Pala