簡介:WWWTHEMEGALLERYCOM,LOGO,,,,,,,,,COLLEGEENGLISH,201320141STSEMESTER,COURSEINTRODUCTION,我應該怎樣讀大學我應該怎樣學大學英語,大學是什么“大”在哪里高等教育是什么“高”在哪里大學生應當學什么怎樣學大學英語的課程意義、目標、內(nèi)容、要求、方法、標準、測試大學英語與中學英語的區(qū)別,2,如何學習大學英語,HOWTOLEARNCOLLEGEENGLISH,CONTENTS,關于大學英語的各類競賽,ENGLISH,WHATISENGLISH,,ENGLISHASALANGUAGE,COMMON/POPULARLANGUAGE,INTERNATIONALLANGUAGE,NATIVELANGUAGE,FIRSTLANGUAGE,SECONDLANGUAGE,FOREIGNLANGUAGE,OFFICIALLANGUAGE,WIDELYUSEDLANGUAGE,,ENGLISHASATOOL,COMMUNICATION,HOWTOMAKETHETOOLUSABLE/WORKABLE,ITISAMATTEROF“USE”INSTEADOF“USAGE”,INTERNET,EMAIL,LEARNING/STUDYING,WHATISENGLISH,8,,ENGLISHASSKILLS,LISTENINGSKILL,SPEAKINGSKILL,READINGSKILL,WRITINGSKILL,TRANSLATINGSKILL,HOWTOLEARN/COMMAND/DEVELOPSKILLS,ITISAMATTEROF“CAN”INSTEADOF“KNOW”,WHATISENGLISH,,ENGLISHASCULTURE,LITERATURE,HISTORY,RELIGION每單元課堂講授所用課時≈4課堂講授內(nèi)容TEXTA課文導入、語篇和文體分析、寫作技巧、語言點、課文相關話題討論、課后練習;TEXTB課文重點生詞短語。,自主學習(讀寫譯教程)建議?課前①復習上單元的語言點;②通讀(新單元)TEXTA,了解文章大意,讀課文時標出文中出現(xiàn)的新單詞或疑難句子;③借助課本配套光盤或磁帶正確拼讀課后生詞。使用課后生詞表、英漢雙解辭典、語法參考書或課本配套光盤熟悉并記憶生詞、短語和句型;④利用圖書館、因特網(wǎng)或課本配套光盤了解和TEXTA課文內(nèi)容相關的文化背景知識;,?課后①整理課堂筆記;②主動記憶生詞、典型例句和段落;跟隨磁帶或光盤文件朗讀課文;③完成老師布置的(口頭或筆頭)作業(yè)和課后練習;④進行拓展性學習搜索相關主題的英語文章或聽力資料,通過泛讀、泛聽練習提高聽讀技能、強化單詞記憶。,,REQUIREMENTS,ANOTETAKINGNOTEBOOKBCONSULTATIONDICTIONARY,INTERNETANEWENGLISHCHINESEDICTIONARYLONGMANCONTEMPORARYENGLISHCHINESEDICTIONARYOXFORDADVANCEDLEARNER’SENGLISHCHINESEDICTIONARY,AFTERCLASSREADINGS21STCENTURY,ENGLISHSALON,CHINADAILY,ENGLISHSTUDY,關于大學英語的各類競賽,六、關于大學英語的各類競賽,經(jīng)過20年的時間,四六級考試不斷發(fā)展,到目前為止形成了目前我國規(guī)模最大的考試之一。在2004年,計分方式從100分改為710分,同時把聽力的比例由20增加到35。向參加的學生發(fā)放成績單。,BACK,大學英語四六級考試,六、關于大學英語的各類競賽,四六級考試一年分兩次進行,6月和12月的第三個星期六為考試日,通過四級考試的學生才有資格參加六級考試。四級成績達到80,六級達到75的學生可以報考口語。,六、關于大學英語的各類競賽,試卷構成,聽力理解,閱讀理解,完型填空,寫作和翻譯,,,,,,六、關于大學英語的各類競賽,,六、關于大學英語的各類競賽,,六、關于大學英語的各類競賽,,六、關于大學英語的各類競賽,大學英語單科學習競賽,參賽人員及報名方法我校所有學習大學英語的在籍全日制一、二年級本科生均可參賽。一、二年級學生分別競賽,競賽學生以班級為單位報名時間每年上半年進行,六、關于大學英語的各類競賽,全國大學生英語競賽,時間每年4月份對象所有在校學生形式自愿參加,六、關于大學英語的各類競賽,全國公共英語等級考試PETS,考試形式筆試口試報名時間每年的3月和9月,六、關于大學英語的各類競賽,其他英語考試及競賽,CCTV英語演講比賽選拔賽TOFEL和GRE雅思商務英語,六、關于大學英語的各類競賽,大學英語第二課堂活動,電影配音/戲劇表演英語國家作家和作品翻譯比賽演講備戰(zhàn)隊,,
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簡介:,APMACROECONOMICSREVIEW,,BASICECONOMICCONCEPTS,SCARCITY,CHOICEANDOPPORTUNITYCOSTSPPCPPF,COMPARATIVEADVANTAGE,SPECIALIZATION,AND,EXCHANGE,DEMAND,SUPPLY,ANDEQUILIBRIUM,,ALLECONOMICQUESTIONSANDPROBLEMSARISEBECAUSEHUMANWANTSEXCEEDTHERESOURCESAVAILABLETOSATISFYTHEM,SCARCITY,THECONDITIONTHATARISESBECAUSETHEAVAILABLERESOURCESAREINSUFFICIENTTOSATISFYWANTS,FACEDWITHSCARCITY,WEMUSTMAKECHOICESWEMUSTCHOOSEAMONGTHEAVAILABLEALTERNATIVES,BECAUSESCARCITYEXISTSWEHAVETHESTUDYOF,ECONOMICSTHEECONOMICPROBLEMISHOWTOBESTALLOCATESCARCERESOURCESTOMEETTHEWANTSANDNEEDSOFHUMANSOCIETIES,,ECONOMICS,THESOCIALSCIENCECONCERNEDWITHHOWINDIVIDUALS,INSTITUTIONS,ANDSOCIETYMAKEOPTIMALBESTCHOICES,UNDERCONDITIONSOFSCARCITY,TWOBIGECONOMICQUESTIONS,HOWCHOICESDETERMINEWHAT,HOW,ANDFORWHOM,GOODSANDSERVICESGETPRODUCED,WHENDOCHOICESMADEINSELFINTERESTALSO,PROMOTESOCIALINTEREST,,OPPORTUNITYCOST,THENEXTBESTTHINGTHATYOUMUSTGIVEUPTOGETSOMETHINGTHEHIGHESTVALUEDALTERNATIVEFORGONE,EXAMPLES,–STAYINGINSCHOOLVSDROPPINGOUT,–STUDYINGFORATESTVSGOINGTOASPORTINGEVENT–GOINGTOCOLLEGEVSENTERINGTHEWORKFORCE,REMEMBERTHATEVERYTIMEYOUMAKEACHOICEITIS,COSTINGYOUANOPPORTUNITY,,?MICROANDMACROVIEWSOFTHEWORLDMICROECONOMICSTHESTUDYOFTHECHOICESTHATINDIVIDUALSANDBUSINESSESMAKEANDTHEWAYTHESECHOICESINTERACTANDAREINFLUENCEDBYGOVERNMENTSMACROECONOMICSTHESTUDYOFTHEAGGREGATEORTOTALEFFECTSONTHENATIONALECONOMYANDTHEGLOBAL,ECONOMYOFTHECHOICESTHATINDIVIDUALS,BUSINESSES,ANDGOVERNMENTSMAKE,MACROECONOMICSLOOKSATTHEBEACHWHILE,MICROECONOMICSEXAMINESTHESAND,ROCKS,ANDSHELLS,,,ENTREPRENEURSHIP,CAPITAL,LABOR,LAND,PRODUCINGGOODSANDSERVICESREQUIRESTHEUSEOFRESOURCES,ALLRESOURCESCANBECLASSIFIEDASONEOFTHEFOLLOWINGFOURFACTORSOFPRODUCTION,THEFOURFACTORSOFPRODUCTION,,THEFACTORSOFPRODUCTION,,WHATISTHEPRODUCTIONPOSSIBILITIESCURVEAPRODUCTIONPOSSIBILITIESGRAPHPPGISAMODELTHATSHOWSALTERNATIVEWAYSTHATANECONOMYCANUSEITSSCARCERESOURCESTHISMODELGRAPHICALLYDEMONSTRATESSCARCITY,TRADEOFFS,OPPORTUNITYCOSTS,ANDEFFICIENCY4KEYASSUMPTIONS,,ONLYTWOGOODSCANBEPRODUCEDFULLEMPLOYMENTOFRESOURCESFIXEDRESOURCESCETERISPARIBUSFIXEDTECHNOLOGY,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,A140,B122,C94,D56,E08,F010,BIKESCOMPUTERS,EACHPOINTREPRESENTSASPECIFICCOMBINATIONOFGOODSTHATCANBEPRODUCEDGIVENFULLEMPLOYMENTOFRESOURCESNOWGRAPHITPUTBIKESONYAXISANDCOMPUTERSONXAXIS,PRODUCTION“POSSIBILITIES”TABLE,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,BIKES,14121086,42,0,0,2,4,6,8,10,A,B,E,INEFFICIENT/UNEMPLOYMENT,GIVENCURRENTRESOURCESGCEFFICIENTD,PRODUCTIONPOSSIBILITIESHOWDOESTHEPPGGRAPHICALLYDEMONSTRATESSCARCITY,TRADEOFFS,OPPORTUNITYCOSTS,ANDEFFICIENCYIMPOSSIBLE/UNATTAINABLE,,2THEOPPORTUNITYCOSTOF,3THEOPPORTUNITYCOSTOF,MOVINGFROMBTODIS7BIKES,MOVINGFROMDTOBIS4COMPUTER,4WHATCANYOUSAYABOUTPOINTG,UNATTAINABLE,1THEOPPORTUNITYCOSTOF,MOVINGFROMATOBIS2BIKES,EXAMPLE,OPPORTUNITYCOST,,遞增的成本規(guī)律表明生產(chǎn)某種商品越多,機會成本越高。它成立的事實依據(jù)是某些資源對不同商品的生產(chǎn)能力不同。拿槍和黃油這兩種商品舉個例子假設在一個經(jīng)濟體中已經(jīng)生產(chǎn)了許多槍,這個經(jīng)濟體中的大部分資源投入了槍支生產(chǎn),僅有很少的資源(如農(nóng)民,奶牛,擠奶機等)投入了黃油生產(chǎn)?,F(xiàn)在,如果這個社會想要生產(chǎn)更多的槍,一部分生產(chǎn)黃油的資源將會被轉(zhuǎn)移到槍支生產(chǎn)中,這就意味著更多的農(nóng)民和奶牛將會被槍支工廠雇傭(奶牛將被用于轉(zhuǎn)動可以磨光炮膛的磨粉機)。但是農(nóng)民和奶牛相對與生產(chǎn)槍支來說更擅于生產(chǎn)黃油,因此當這些資源被轉(zhuǎn)移時,并不會生產(chǎn)出很多槍,相反卻有很多黃油“犧牲”了,說明生產(chǎn)的槍支越多,生產(chǎn)它的機會成本越高。,,,,,,最大產(chǎn)量小麥100KG玉米50KG,最大產(chǎn)量小麥70KG玉米70KG,最大產(chǎn)量小麥50KG玉米100KG,土地一,土地二,土地三,隨著玉米的產(chǎn)量增加,生產(chǎn)玉米的機會成本會怎么變化,EG小麥玉米種植,,15,PRODUCTIONPOSSIBILITIES4KEYASSUMPTIONSREVISITEDONLYTWOGOODSCANBEPRODUCEDFULLEMPLOYMENTOFRESOURCESFIXEDRESOURCES4FACTORSFIXEDTECHNOLOGYWHATIFTHEREISACHANGE2SHIFTERSOFTHEPPC1CHANGEINRESOURCEQUANTITYORQUALITY2CHANGEINTECHNOLOGY,,,PRODUCTIONPOSSIBILITIES,ASSUMPTIONS,–FULLEMPLOYMENT,–FIXEDRESOURCESANDTECHNOLOGY,MOVEMENTS,–ALONGCURVESHOWSOPPORTUNITYCOST,–OUTWARDSHIFTILLUSTRATESECONOMICGROWTH–INWARDSHIFTINDICATESDESTRUCTIONOFRESOURCES,PRODUCINGCAPITALGOODSWILLLEADTOGREATERECONOMICGROWTHTHANPRODUCINGCONSUMER,GOODSBUTTERWILLLEADTOMOREGROWTHTHANGUNS,,,,,,PRODUCTIONPOSSIBILITIESGRAPH,CAPITALGOODS,CONSUMERGOODS,A,B,C,D,E,POINTSA,B,C,AREEFFICIENTPTSPOINTDISUNDERUTILIZATIONPOINTEISECONOMICGROWTH,MAYLEADTOMOSTFUTUREECONOMICGROWTH,,ECONOMICSYSTEMS,CAPITALISMFREEMARKET,–MOSTDECISIONSMADEBYPRIVATEBUSINESSES,COMMUNISMCOMMANDECONOMY,–MOSTDECISIONSMADEBYTHEGOVERNMENT,MIXEDECONOMYFEATURESOFBOTHCAPITALISM,ANDCOMMUNISM,–DECISIONSMADEBYBOTHTHEMARKETAND,GOVERNMENTS,,SUPPLYANDDEMAND,,SUPPLYANDDEMANDFACTORS,DEMANDCHANGESWHEN,–INCOMECHANGES,–RELATEDPRODUCTS,COMPLEMENTSANDSUBSTITUTES,PRICEORQUALITYCHANGE–EXPECTATIONSFUTUREPRICECHANGE–CONSUMERSMOREORLESSADDED–TASTES,FADS,PREFERENCESCHANGE,,,,,,,DEMANDINCREASEASDEMANDINCREASES,PRICEANDQUANTITYINCREASEASWELL,Q1,D1Q2,S1D2,PRICEP2P1,QUANTITY,,,,,,,DEMANDDECREASEASDEMANDDECREAES,PRICEANDQUANTITYDECREASEASWELL,S1,Q1,Q2,PRICEP1P2,D1D2QUANTITY,,SUPPLYFACTORS,SUPPLYCHANGESWHEN,–INPUTPRICESCHANGERESOURCESANDWAGES–GOVERNMENTTARIFFS,QUOTAS,ANDSUBSIDIES–NUMBEROFSELLERSCHANGE,–EXPECTATIONSABOUTPRICEANDPRODUCT,PROFITABILITYCHANGE,–DISASTERSWEATHER,STRIKES,ETC,,,,,,,Q1,Q2,PRICEP1P2,SUPPLYINCREASEASSUPPLYINCREASES,QUANTITYINCREASES,BUTPRICEFALLSS1,S2,D1QUANTITY,,,,,,,SUPPLYDECREASEASSUPPLYDECREASES,QUANTITYDECREASES,BUTPRICEINCREASESS2,S1D1QUANTITY,PRICEP2P1,Q1,Q2,,COMPARATIVEADVANTAGEANATIONSHOULDSPECIALIZEINPRODUCINGGOODSINWHICHITHASACOMPARATIVEADVANTAGEABILITYTOPRODUCETHEGOODATALOWEROPPORTUNITYCOSTEXAMPLE,SPAINFRANCE,CHEESE2POUNDS2POUNDS,WINE2CASES6CASES,SPAINSHOULDPRODUCECHEESE1C1WFRANCESHOULDPRODUCEWINE1W1/3C,,,CURRENCYTERMS,APPRECIATIONCURRENCYISINCREASING,INDEMANDSTRONGERDOLLAR,–USCURRENCYWILLAPPRECIATEWHENMOREFOREIGNERSTRAVELTOTHEUS,BUYMOREUSGOODSORSERVICES,ORBUYTHEUSDOLLARTOINVESTINBONDS,,CURRENCYTERMS,DEPRECIATIONCURRENCYIS,DECREASINGINDEMANDWEAKERDOLLARBEINGSUPPLIEDINEXCHANGEFOROTHERCURRENCY,–USCURRENCYWILLDEPRECIATEWHENFEWERFOREIGNERSTRAVELTOTHEUS,BUYFEWERUSGOODSORSERVICES,ORSELLTHEUSDOLLARTOINVESTINTHEIROWNBONDS,,CHAPTER12,MACROECONOMICMEASURESOF,PERFORMANCE,,CIRCULARFLOWOFECONOMIC,ACTIVITY,HOUSEHOLDSSUPPLYRESOURCESLAND,LABOR,CAPITAL,ENTREPRENEURIALABILITYTOTHERESOURCEMARKETHOUSEHOLDSDEMANDGOODSANDSERVICESFROMBUSINESSES,BUSINESSESDEMANDHOUSEHOLDRESOURCESAND,SUPPLYGOODSANDSERVICESTOTHEPRODUCTFACTORMARKET,,,,,,,,,,,,,,生產(chǎn)要素市場,生產(chǎn)投入工資、租金和利潤GDP,勞動、土地和資本收入GDP,支出GDP物品和勞務的購買家庭,收入GDP物品和勞務的銷售企業(yè),循環(huán)流量圖物品與勞務市場,,GDP,GDPISTHEMARKETVALUEOFTHEFINALGOODSANDSERVICESPRODUCEDWITHINANATIONINAYEAR,,GDPWHATCOUNTS,GOODSPRODUCEDBUTNOTSOLDIGOODSPRODUCEDBYAFOREIGN,COUNTRYJAPANINTHEUSHONDA,TOYOTA,GOVERNMENTSPENDINGONTHEMILITARYINCREASEINBUSINESSINVENTORIES,,GDPWHATDOESNOTCOUNT,INTERMEDIATEGOODSTIRESSOLDBY,FIRESTONETOFORD,USEDGOODS,NONMARKETACTIVITIESILLEGAL,,UNDERGROUND,TRANSFERPAYMENTSSOCIALSECURITYSTOCKTRANSACTIONS,,SHORTCOMINGS,OFGDPLEADINGTOGDP,BEINGUNDERSTATEDNONMARKETACTIVITIESSERVICESOFHOMEMAKERSDOESNOTCOUNTLEISUREDOESNOTINCLUDETHEVALUEOFLEISUREDOESNOTINCLUDEIMPROVEMENTSINPRODUCTQUALITYUNDERGROUNDECONOMY,,GDPOVERSTATED,INCLUDESDAMAGETOTHEENVIRONMENT,INCLUDESMORESPENDINGONHEALTHCARE,AMERICANSBEINGUNHEALTHY,INCLUDESMONEYSPENTTOFIGHTCRIMEMORE,POLICEOFFICERS,MOREJAILS,ETC,,EXPENDITURESAPPROACH,FOURCOMPONENTSOFGDP1CONSUMERSPENDING,EX5LITTLECAESARSPIZZA,2INVESTMENTSWHENBUSINESSESPUTMONEY,BACKINTOTHEIROWNBUSINESSEXMACHINERYORTOOLS,3GOVERNMENTSPENDING,EXBOMBSORTANKS,NOTSOCIALSECURITY,4NETEXPORTSEXPORTSX–IMPORTSM,EXVALUEOF3FORDFOCUSESMINUS2HONDAS,,GDPGROSSDOMESTICPRODUCT,EXPENDITUREFORMULA,CONSUMPTIONCBUSINESSINVESTMENTIGOVERNMENTSPENDINGGNETEXPORTSX,NOTEINVESTMENTSPENDINGI,NEWCAPITALMACHINERYPURCHASEDBYFIRMSNEWCONSTRUCTIONFORFIRMSORCONSUMERS,MARKETVALUEOFTHECHANGEINUNSOLDINVENTORIES,,GDPGROSSDOMESTICPRODUCT,INCOMEFORMULA,,GDPCIGX–MAGGREGATESPENDINGAGGREGATEINCOMEY,THEMOSTRECENTAPMACROECONOMICSCURRICULUMFOCUSESONGDP,ORTOTALSPENDING,ASTHENATION’SMEASUREOFECONOMICOUTPUTYOURSTUDYSHOULDTHEREFOREFOCUSONTHECOMPONENTSOFGDP,,REALGDPREALGDPNOMINALGDPADJUSTEDFORINFLATIONCALCULATION,NOMINALGDPPRICEINDEXINHUNDREDTHSDEFLATOR,–REALGDPEXAMPLE,12,4558BILLIONS11274BASEDON2000,US2005REALGDP11048TRILLION,,REALGDPPERCAPITA,MOSTCOMMONLYUSEDTOCOMPAREANDMEASUREEACHCOUNTRY’SSTANDARDOFLIVINGANDOVERALLECONOMICGROWTH,REALGDP/NATION’SPOPULATION,,,,我國GDP及增長情況19782011年,,GDP總結,GDP注意點,?一國地理范圍內(nèi),?一定時期內(nèi),?最終產(chǎn)品(NOTINTERMEDIATEGOODS),?產(chǎn)品和服務(NOTFINANCIALTRANSACTION)購房中介費,?市場價值地下經(jīng)濟,家務勞動不算,?生產(chǎn)出來的(沒賣也算,二手交易不算),,PRICEINDEX,PRICEINDEXISAMEASUREOFTHEPRICEOFAGOODINAGIVENYEAR,WHENCOMPAREDTOTHEPRICEOFTHATGOODINAREFERENCEORBASEYEAR,LPIINYEART100?PRICEOFALATTEINYEART/PRICEOFALATTEINBASEYEAR,,,,,DEFLATINGNOMINALGDPTODEFLATEANOMINALVALUE,ORADJUSTFORINFLATION,YOUDOASIMPLEDIVISIONREALGDP100?NOMINALGDP/PRICEINDEXORYOUCANTHINKOFITASREALGDPNOMINALGDP/PRICEINDEXINHUNDREDSTHEGDPDEFLATOR,THEGDPDEFLATOR,NOMINALGDPREALGDP,100,,BUSINESSCYCLES,THEBUSINESSCYCLEISTHEPERIODICRISEANDFALLINECONOMICACTIVITY,ANDCANBEMEASUREDBYCHANGESINREALGDP,?EXPANSIONAPERIODWHEREREALGDPISGROWING,?PEAKTHETOPOFTHECYCLEWHEREANEXPANSIONHASRUNITSCOURSEANDIS,ABOUTTOTURNDOWN,?CONTRACTIONAPERIODWHEREREALGDPISFALLINGARECESSIONISGENERALLY,DESCRIBEDASTWOCONSECUTIVEQUARTERSOFFALLINGREALGDPIFTHECONTRACTIONISPROLONGEDORDEEPENOUGH,ITISCALLEDADEPRESSION,?TROUGHTHEBOTTOMOFTHECYCLEWHEREACONTRACTIONHASSTOPPEDANDIS,ABOUTTOTURNUP,,宏觀經(jīng)濟的4大目標,1保證充分就業(yè),2保證經(jīng)濟增長,3保證國際收支平衡,4保證物價穩(wěn)定,,INFLATION,RISEINTHEGENERALLEVELOFPRICES,REDUCESTHEPURCHASINGPOWEROFMONEYMEASUREDWITHTHECONSUMERPRICE,INDEXCPI,–REPORTSTHEPRICEOFAMARKETBASKET,MORETHAN300GOODSTHATARETYPICALLYPURCHASEDBYANURBANHOUSEHOLD,,,,,,,,,,,,,我國市場籃子產(chǎn)品類食品煙酒及用品衣著家庭設備用品和維修服務醫(yī)療保健和個人用品交通和通訊娛樂、教育、文化用品和服務居住,權重3323991610104142132,,CONSUMERPRICEINDEXCPI,CPISPENDINGOFMARKETBASKETCURRENTYEAR,SPENDINGOFSAMEBASKETINBASEYEAR,,GDP平減指數(shù)和CPI的區(qū)別,,我國近十年CPI變化情況,,,,CALCULATINGINFLATION其中,T代表其中一年,T1代表前一年。對應的是第T年的通貨膨脹率TOTALCOSTTHISPERIODCPI??100TOTALCOSTBASEPERIOD,CPIT?CPIT?1CPIT?1,INFLATIONRATE?,,,生活案例,以2002年為BASEYEAR,假設該年購買1BASKET需要,1200刀,2003年同樣的1BASKET需要1236刀那么,1236,1200,CPI??100103,100,103?100,INFLATIONRATE??3,,TYPESOFINFLATION,DEMANDPULLINFLATION‘TOOMUCHMONEY,CHASINGTOOFEWGOODS”,–ADCURVEWILLSHIFTTOTHERIGHT,RESULTINGINAHIGHER,PRICELEVELANDGREATEROUTPUTUPTILFE,COSTPUSHINFLATIONMAJORCAUSEISASUPPLYSHOCKOPECCUTTINGBACKONOILPRODUCTION,–ASCURVEWILLSHIFTTOTHELEFTRESULTINGINAHIGHER,PRICELEVELANDADECREASEINREALGDP,,REALANDNOMINALTERMSREALINCOMENOMINALINCOMEPRICEINDEXHUNDREDTHS,NOMINALINTERESTRATEREALINTERESTRATEEXPECTEDINFLATION,,INFLATIONWINNE
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上傳時間:2024-01-06
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