簡介：3350英文單詞，英文單詞，17500英文字符，中文英文字符，中文5300字文獻出處文獻出處DZIADOSZA,TOMCZYKA,KAPLI?SKIOFINANCIALRISKESTIMATIONINCONSTRUCTIONCONTRACTSJPROCEDIAENGINEERING,2015,122120128FINANCIALRISKESTIMATIONINCONSTRUCTIONCONTRACTSAGNIESZKADZIADOSZ,ANDRZEJTOMCZYK,OLEGKAPLI?SKIABSTRACTRISK,ASAFACTORADVERSELYAFFECTINGTHEPROJECT,ISTAKENINTOACCOUNTASEARLYASATTHEFIRSTSTAGEOFTHEINVESTMENTPROCESSWHENTHETENDERISWONFORACONTRACTTHERISKLEVEL,IDENTIFIEDFORAPARTICULARCONSTRUCTIONCONTRACT,ISASERIOUSFACTORINFLUENCINGTHEDECISIONABOUTACCEPTINGTHECONTRACTORNOTTHEKEYISSUEISPROPERIDENTIFICATIONOFCONTRACTRISKTHERISKFACTORSWHICHHAVEASIGNIFICANTIMPACTONTHESUCCESSOFTHEPROJECT,ANDAREMOSTCOMMONONES,ARETHENANALYZEDTHEMETHODOFVERIFICATIONDEPENDSONTHECOMPANYSEXPERIENCEINTHECONSTRUCTIONINDUSTRYTHETASKOFTHEARTICLEISTOPRESENTTHERESULTSOFSTUDIESFOCUSEDONSEPARATINGANDDETERMININGTHEFREQUENCYOFFINANCIALRISKFACTORSINCONSTRUCTIONPROJECTSANDTHEIRIMPACTONPROJECTIMPLEMENTATIONWEHAVEANALYZED30CONSTRUCTIONPROJECTSOFFICEBUILDINGS,PRODUCTIONHALLS,EDUCATIONALBUILDINGS,DEMOLITIONWORKS,ETCCOMPLETEDINNORTHWESTERNPOLANDTHEDEGREEOFRISKPLANNEDANDREALFORTHECONTRACTWASSETASAPERCENTAGEINRELATIONTOTHESIZEOFCONTRACTCOSTSINMILLIONPLNTHEAIMOFTHESTUDYWASTOVERIFYTHEEXISTENCEOFRELATIONSHIPBETWEENTHEKINDOFSTRUCTURE,THESIZEOFCONTRACT,ANDTHESCOPEANDDEGREEOFRISKSTATISTICALAPPROACHHASBEENUSEDTHISSTUDYISAPRELUDETODETERMININGTHECONTRACTRISKSIDENTIFICATIONPROCEDUREIE,ESTIMATINGRESERVESTOBEUSEDINUNFORESEENCIRCUMSTANCESSOTHATTHECOMPANYCOULDBECOMPETITIVE,ANDTHEPRICEOFFERTOBEPROVIDEDTOINVESTORSCOULDBEADVANTAGEOUSKEYWORDSCONSTRUCTIONCONTRACTS,RISKMANAGEMENT,FINANCIALRISK,DECISIONMAKINGPROCESSINCONSTRUCTIONPROJECT1INTRODUCTIONPROJECTPLANNING,IFITISTOBEEFFICIENTLYIMPLEMENTED,REQUIRESMAKINGANUMBEROFDECISIONSTHATHAVETHEIRFINALEINTHESMOOTHRUNNINGOFCONSTRUCTIONWORKTHISISPOSSIBLETHANKSTOEXAMININGAPROJECTFROMITSMANYASPECTSANDANGLES,ALSOINTERMSOFLIKELIHOODOFADVERSESITUATIONSIE,RISKFACTORSTHERISK,ASAFACTORADVERSELYAFFECTINGTHEPROJECT,ISWEIGHEDATTHEFIRSTSTAGEOFTHEINVESTMENTPROCESS,NAMELYATTHESTAGEOFWINNINGACONTRACTTHROUGHTENDERINVIEWOFTHESITUATIONINTHECONSTRUCTIONINDUSTRY,WHERETHEMAINAIMISTOMINIMIZETHECOSTSOFCONSTRUCTIONWORK,ASWELLASTOGRADUALLYDECREASETHEPRICESFORCONSTRUCTIONWORK,PROCURINGANOFFERFORCONSTRUCTIONWORKISVERYDIFFICULTONTHEONEHAND,ACONSTRUCTIONCOMPANYTRIESTOMAXIMIZETHEPROFITINORDERTOSECUREFUNDSFORNEWINVESTMENTS,ANDCOVERPOSSIBLEEXPENSESASSOCIATEDWITHTHEOCCURRENCEOFRISKFACTORSDURINGCONSTRUCTIONONTHEOTHERHAND,ACONSTRUCTIONCOMPANYTRIESTOBECOMPETITIVEANDTRIESGIVETHEINVESTORTHEBESTPRICEOFFERTHEFOLLOWINGQUESTIONARISES–ATWHATLEVELRISKSHOULDBETAKENINCASEOFAPARTICULARCONTRACTINORDERTOWINTHETENDERANDTOSECUREFUNDINGFORRISKSWHICHAREVERYDIFFICULTTOASSESSINTHECOURSEOFPROJECTIMPLEMENTATION,DIFFERENTSITUATIONSMAYOCCURWHICH,ATFIRSTGLANCE,MAYSEEMUNFAVOURABLEBUT,INCONSEQUENCE,MAYBRINGFINANCIALSAVINGSDUETOTHECHANGESOFCONSTRUCTIONTECHNIQUES,WORKSCOPEORCHANGESINORGANIZATIONCONSTRUCTIONCOMPANIESUSUALLYANALYZEMOSTCOMMONRISKFACTORS,ANDEXCLUDEDFROMTHEAGREEMENTYOUCANALSOAGREEWITHINVESTORSTHATINCLUDINGRISKSINTHECOSTISANUNNECESSARYMULTIPLICATIONOFCOSTSANDANUNNECESSARYBURDENONTHEBUDGETOFTHEPROJECTITCONCERNSCASESWHERERISKSMAYNOTOCCURATALLORTHEOCCURRENCEOFRISKSCANBEREDUCEDINCOLLABORATIONWITHTHEINVESTORTHEMOSTCOMMONTYPESOFCONTRACTSAREALUMPSUMCONTRACT,AQUANTITYSURVEYCONTRACT,ANDGMPGUARANTEEDMAXIMUMPRICECONTRACTTHEFIRSTISUSEDQUITEOFTENBYPRIVATEINVESTORSANDALMOSTALWAYSBYTHEPUBLICINVESTORSINPRINCIPLE,THECONTRACTORBEARSALLTHERISKSINTHISTYPEOFAGREEMENTAND,THEREFORE,THECONTRACTORSHOULDINCLUDEEVERYTHINGINTHEOFFERITISQUITEDIFFICULTBECAUSENOTEVERYTHINGCANBEPREDICTEDFIRSTLY,ITRESULTSINPRICEINCREASESINCETHECONTRACTORMUST,AFTERALL,PROVIDEADDITIONALFINANCIALRESOURCESTOCOVERTHEUNEXPECTEDCOSTSAND,SECONDLY,IFTHISISNOTDONEPROBLEMSWITHLIQUIDITYDURINGTHEEXECUTIONOFTHECONTRACTMAYOCCURINTHEORY,SUCHPROBLEMSDONOTCONCERNINVESTORS,BUTONLYAPPARENTLYWHENTHEREAREPROBLEMSWITHPROJECTFINANCING,THECONTRACTORSEEKSAREMEDY,USINGDIFFERENTALTERNATIVEPLANSUSUALLY,QUALITYSUFFERSOFTENTHEDEADLINEHASTOBESHIFTEDDESPITETHEUSEOFPENALTIESAGAINSTTHECONTRACTOR,LOSSESASSOCIATEDWITHTHESUBSEQUENTCOMPLETIONOFINVESTMENTSAREDIFFICULTTOESTIMATEANDDISPROPORTIONATETOTHEPENALTIESIMPOSED,OFTENLARGERTHANMAYSEEMFROMTHEPENALTIESACOURTSETTLEMENTASANOPTIONISNOTALWAYSPROFITABLECOURTPROCEEDINGSMAYBELONG,ANDTHEOUTCOMEUNCERTAININACONTRACTBASEDONUNITPRICES,SERIOUSRISKSASSOCIATEDWITHTHEQUANTITIESOFMATERIALSANDLABOURAREMARGINALITGREATLYFACILITATESSUBMITTINGTHEOFFERANDMINIMIZESTHERISKSERRORSASSOCIATEDWITHTHEBILLOFQUANTITIESOCCURINAHALFTHESTUDIEDCONTRACTSIN30ANALYZEDCASES,ERRORSOCCURREDIN16REPRESENTING533,WHILEFOR29CONTRACTS,ITWAS5152THELEASTRISKSAREASSOCIATEDWITHAGMPCONTRACTTHERE,WORKINGACCORDINGTOANOPENBOOKPRINCIPLE,THECONTRACTORANDTHEINVESTORCOLLABORATEINORDERTOOPTIMIZECOSTSANDJOINTLYSELECTSUBCONTRACTORS3RISKINACONSTRUCTIONPROJECTRISK,ORMEASURABLEPARTOFUNCERTAINTY,SHOULDBETREATEDASANOPPORTUNITYTODEVIATEFROMTHEDESIREDLEVELTHEREFORE,POSITIVEDEVIATIONACHANCEANDNEGATIVEALOSSMUSTBETAKENINTOACCOUNTRAFTERY22SAYSRISK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簡介：工程造價控制（8198）工程造價控制（形考二）_0001四川電大形成性測評系統(tǒng)課程代碼5108198參考資料、單項選擇題（共10道試題，共50分。）1我國進口設(shè)備采用最多的一種貨價是（）。AFOS價BCIF價CFOB價DFIB價參考答案C2工程造價可行性研究的作用不包括下列哪項（）。A可行性研究是建設(shè)施工的依據(jù)B可行性研究是建設(shè)項目投資決策和編制設(shè)計任務(wù)書的依據(jù)C可行性研究是籌集資金的依據(jù)D可行性研究報告是工程項目建設(shè)前期準(zhǔn)備的依據(jù)參考答案A3下列不屬于企業(yè)管理費的是（）。A固定資產(chǎn)使用費B辦公費C工會經(jīng)費D醫(yī)療保險費施工圖預(yù)算的審查方法中（）又叫逐項審查法。A全面審查法B標(biāo)準(zhǔn)預(yù)算審查法C對比審查法D篩選審查法參考答案A8以下關(guān)于保修責(zé)任的承擔(dān)問題，說法不正確的是（）。A由于設(shè)計原因造成的質(zhì)量缺陷由設(shè)計單位承擔(dān)經(jīng)濟責(zé)任B由于建筑材料原因造成的缺陷由承包單位承擔(dān)經(jīng)濟責(zé)任C因使用不當(dāng)造成損壞的，由使用單位負責(zé)D因不可抗力造成損失的，由建設(shè)單位負責(zé)參考答案B9下列哪項費用屬于不可競爭措施費（）A社會保障費B安全施工費C夜間施工增加費D財產(chǎn)保險費參考答案B10

簡介：工程造價控制（8198）工程造價控制（形考一）_0002四川電大形成性測評系統(tǒng)課程代碼5108198參考資料、單項選擇題（共10道試題，共50分。）1標(biāo)底是招標(biāo)人對建筑安裝工程的（）。A合同價格B實際價格C結(jié)算價格D預(yù)期價格參考答案D2材料的二次搬運費屬于（）。A現(xiàn)場管理費B企業(yè)管理費C措施項目費D規(guī)費參考答案C3材料入庫后到使用期間的損耗包含在（）內(nèi)。A材料原價B運雜費C保管費D采購費C概算指標(biāo)法D單價法參考答案C8我國目前建設(shè)工程施工招標(biāo)標(biāo)底的編制，主要采用（）。A單位估價法和實物量法B定額計價和工程量清單計價C預(yù)算定額法和投標(biāo)平均法D單位估價法和綜合單價法參考答案B9某企業(yè)從銀行貸款10萬元，年利率10，貸款期限為三年，按復(fù)利計算，到期后本利和為（）。A12B121C13D1331參考答案D10遇到下列哪種情況可以適當(dāng)報低價（）。A公司想打入這一市場的工程B專業(yè)要求高的技術(shù)密集型工程C投標(biāo)對手少的工程D支付條件不理想的工程參考答案A、判斷題（共10道試題，共50分。）

簡介：工程造價控制（8198）工程造價控制（形考二）_0005四川電大形成性測評系統(tǒng)課程代碼5108198參考資料、單項選擇題（共10道試題，共50分。）1在項目建設(shè)過程中，如果決策正確，（）是工程造價控制關(guān)鍵環(huán)節(jié)。A設(shè)計階段B招標(biāo)投標(biāo)階段C施工階段D竣工驗收階段參考答案A2進口設(shè)備運雜費中運輸費的運輸區(qū)間是指（）。A出口國的邊境港口或車站至工地倉庫B進口國的邊境港口或車站至工地倉庫C出口國的邊境港口或車站至進口國的邊境港口或車站D出口國的供貨地至進口國的邊境港口或車站參考答案B3設(shè)備購置費的組成為（）。A設(shè)備原價＋采購與保管費B設(shè)備原價＋運費＋裝卸費C設(shè)備原價＋運費＋采購與保管費DFIB價參考答案C7工程造價可行性研究的作用不包括下列哪項（）。A可行性研究是建設(shè)施工的依據(jù)B可行性研究是建設(shè)項目投資決策和編制設(shè)計任務(wù)書的依據(jù)C可行性研究是籌集資金的依據(jù)D可行性研究報告是工程項目建設(shè)前期準(zhǔn)備的依據(jù)參考答案A8施工圖預(yù)算的審查方法中（）又叫逐項審查法。A全面審查法B標(biāo)準(zhǔn)預(yù)算審查法C對比審查法D篩選審查法參考答案A9以下關(guān)于保修責(zé)任的承擔(dān)問題，說法不正確的是（）。A由于設(shè)計原因造成的質(zhì)量缺陷由設(shè)計單位承擔(dān)經(jīng)濟責(zé)任B由于建筑材料原因造成的缺陷由承包單位承擔(dān)經(jīng)濟責(zé)任C因使用不當(dāng)造成損壞的，由使用單位負責(zé)D因不可抗力造成損失的，由建設(shè)單位負責(zé)

簡介：工程造價控制（8198）工程造價控制（形考二）_0002四川電大形成性測評系統(tǒng)課程代碼5108198參考資料、單項選擇題（共10道試題，共50分。）1工程造價可行性研究的作用不包括下列哪項（）。A可行性研究是建設(shè)施工的依據(jù)B可行性研究是建設(shè)項目投資決策和編制設(shè)計任務(wù)書的依據(jù)C可行性研究是籌集資金的依據(jù)D可行性研究報告是工程項目建設(shè)前期準(zhǔn)備的依據(jù)參考答案A2按照工程造價的第一種含義，工程造價是指（）。A建設(shè)項目竣工結(jié)算B建設(shè)項目固定資產(chǎn)投資C建設(shè)項目流動資產(chǎn)投資D建筑安裝工程預(yù)付款參考答案B3下列不屬于企業(yè)管理費的是（）。A固定資產(chǎn)使用費B辦公費C工會經(jīng)費參考答案A7設(shè)備購置費的組成為（）。A設(shè)備原價＋采購與保管費B設(shè)備原價＋運費＋裝卸費C設(shè)備原價＋運費＋采購與保管費D設(shè)備原價＋運雜費參考答案D8以下關(guān)于保修責(zé)任的承擔(dān)問題，說法不正確的是（）。A由于設(shè)計原因造成的質(zhì)量缺陷由設(shè)計單位承擔(dān)經(jīng)濟責(zé)任B由于建筑材料原因造成的缺陷由承包單位承擔(dān)經(jīng)濟責(zé)任C因使用不當(dāng)造成損壞的，由使用單位負責(zé)D因不可抗力造成損失的，由建設(shè)單位負責(zé)參考答案B9我國進口設(shè)備采用最多的一種貨價是（）。AFOS價BCIF價CFOB價DFIB價參考答案C10