簡(jiǎn)介:學(xué)科代碼46045七功能液壓機(jī)械手多輸入多輸出非線性魯棒控制方法研究羅高生顧臨怡(浙江大學(xué)流體動(dòng)力與機(jī)電系統(tǒng)國(guó)家重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室,浙江省杭州310027)摘要要針對(duì)液壓驅(qū)動(dòng)的七功能主從液壓機(jī)械手具有強(qiáng)非線性、未知外界干擾以及機(jī)械手多剛體系統(tǒng)與液壓驅(qū)動(dòng)系統(tǒng)強(qiáng)耦合的多輸入多輸出控制系統(tǒng)特性,提出了利用BACKSTEPPING控制器設(shè)計(jì)方法和基于滑??刂频亩噍斎攵噍敵鲷敯艨刂破鞣椒ǎ褂美钛牌罩Z夫穩(wěn)定性定理證明閉環(huán)系統(tǒng)具有漸近穩(wěn)定的控制性能。利用4500米深海主從液壓機(jī)械手作為仿真模型和實(shí)驗(yàn)對(duì)象進(jìn)行仿真和實(shí)驗(yàn)研究表明,所提出的控制方法具有很好的跟蹤性能和魯棒性。關(guān)鍵詞七功能液壓機(jī)械手;多輸入多輸出魯棒控制;BACKSTEPPING;李雅普諾夫穩(wěn)定性中圖分類號(hào)文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼RESEARCHONNONLINEARROBUSTADAPTIVECONTROLOFDOUBLESCREWPAIRDRIVENELBOWOF7FUNHYDRAULICMANIPULATORLUOGAOSHENGGULINYI(THESTATEKEYLABOFFLUIDPOWERTRANSMISSIONANDCONTROL,ZHEJIANGUNIVERSITY,HANGZHOU310027,CHINA)ABSTRACTFORCONTROLCHARACTERSOFDOUBLESCREWPAIRDRIVENELBOWOF7FUNHYDRAULICMANIPULATORWITHSTRONGNONLINEARITYOFHYDRAULICSYSTEM,PARAMETERUNCERTAINTIESBYTEMPERATUREANDPRESSURECHANGEOFOUTERENVIRONMENTANDUNKNOWNOUTERDISTURBANCE,AFULLSTATEFEEDBACKROBUSTADAPTIVECONTROLMETHODWASPRESENTED,WITHTHECOMBINATIONOFBACKSTEPPINGCONTROLLERDESIGNMETHODANDROBUSTADAPTIVEMETHOD,ANDWITHTHEADVANTAGEOFLYAPUNOVSTABILITYTHEORYTOPROVETHEASYMPTOTICSTABILITYOFTHECONTROLSYSTEMWITHUNCERTAINTYDISTURBANCESIMULATIONANDEXPERIMENTSSHOWSTHATTHEPRESENTEDFULLSTATEFEEDBACKROBUSTADAPTIVECONTROLLERHASSATISFIEDCONTROLCHARACTERANDROBUSTNESSKEYWORDSELBOWOF7FUNHYDRAULICMANIPULATORFULLSTATEFEEDBACKROBUSTADAPTIVECONTROLBACKSTEPPINGLYAPUNOVSTABILITY功能、六自由度液壓機(jī)械手是一個(gè)高度耦合的多輸入多輸出非線性系統(tǒng),各關(guān)節(jié)的運(yùn)動(dòng)力相互作用、相互耦合;機(jī)械手系統(tǒng)中的柯氏力和離心力與各關(guān)節(jié)的速度成平方關(guān)系,具有很強(qiáng)的非線性;六自由度機(jī)械手從手的多剛體系統(tǒng)再加上各關(guān)節(jié)的液壓驅(qū)動(dòng)系統(tǒng),機(jī)械從手系系統(tǒng)與液壓系統(tǒng)相互強(qiáng)耦合;另外,機(jī)械手的多剛體模型是非常的復(fù)雜,各關(guān)節(jié)的慣性張量、關(guān)節(jié)所受的摩擦力等均無(wú)法精確得到,因此很難對(duì)液壓驅(qū)動(dòng)的機(jī)械手的多剛體系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行精確建模。未加入執(zhí)行器動(dòng)態(tài)的機(jī)械手機(jī)械手控制系統(tǒng)已經(jīng)有相當(dāng)?shù)难芯苛?,如基于PD的控制方法103105,計(jì)算力矩的控制方法106,基于無(wú)源的控制方法107108109,自適應(yīng)控制方法110和魯棒控制的方法111112。但是如果加入執(zhí)行器的動(dòng)態(tài),那么系統(tǒng)的階數(shù)由原來(lái)的二階系統(tǒng)變成了四階系統(tǒng),而且執(zhí)行器的動(dòng)態(tài)和機(jī)械手多剛體系統(tǒng)相耦合,因此系統(tǒng)的控制難度增加了,這些控制方法也就不再適用了。本文針對(duì)液壓機(jī)械手的建模不精確性和具有外界未知的擾動(dòng)的系統(tǒng)特點(diǎn)提出全狀態(tài)反饋多輸入輸出非線性魯棒控制方法以解決深海七功能液壓機(jī)械手從手的軌跡跟蹤魯棒控制問(wèn)題。所提出的基于滑??刂频姆椒梢越鉀Q機(jī)械手從手建模的不精確和存在外界未手各執(zhí)行器的壓力腔和回油腔的的初始容積;,1Q為流入和流出油缸腔體的流量,和162XRQ?1XV具有以下性質(zhì)2XV性質(zhì)610,,使得0??MV0?MV,,機(jī)械手各關(guān)節(jié)操作空MJMVXVV??21?J??X間范圍內(nèi)各執(zhí)行器的位移。說(shuō)明61深海液壓機(jī)械手從手驅(qū)動(dòng)中肘關(guān)節(jié)和手腕旋轉(zhuǎn)關(guān)節(jié)是由擺動(dòng)油缸和擺線液壓馬達(dá)驅(qū)動(dòng)的,可通過(guò)修正相應(yīng)的系數(shù),以使得他們的驅(qū)動(dòng)方程與油缸的驅(qū)動(dòng)方程一致。比例閥的模型電液比例閥在不考慮比例閥的死區(qū)時(shí)其模型82為VVQXXPGKQSGN,1111?67VVQXXPGKQSGN,2222?68其中,為閥芯的位移;,16XVRX?1QK662XQRK?,,,??IQQKDIAGK11???IQQKDIAGK22?,,SGN,11VXPG6622SGN,XVRXPG?,??SGN,SGN,1111VIIIVXPGDIAGXPG?,。??SGN,SGN,2222VIIIVXPGDIAGXPG?21?I???????????6100SGN,1111IXPPXPPXPGVIRIVIISVIII696100SGN,2222???????????IXPPXPPXPGVIISVIRIVIII610其中,為液壓系統(tǒng)的供油壓力;為液壓系統(tǒng)SPRP的回油壓力。閥芯位移與輸入電壓之間的關(guān)系為UKXUV?611其中,為正定對(duì)稱的對(duì)??66XUIURKDIAGK??UK角矩陣,的控制電壓輸入矢量。16XRU?2深海液壓機(jī)械手從手多輸入多輸出全狀態(tài)反饋魯棒控制方法研究具有外界干擾的深海七功能液壓機(jī)械手總的系統(tǒng)動(dòng)態(tài)方程為??????????GPAPAQDQGQQQCQQM,2211?????612A111111QQQXAQXAPXVE????????????612B222222QQQXAQXAPXVE??????????612C假設(shè)假設(shè)61,使得。0???MM???為外界干擾和海水對(duì)深海液壓機(jī)械手運(yùn)動(dòng)阻尼?產(chǎn)生的干擾,由此可知假設(shè)61是合理的假設(shè)。由方程612可知由于液壓系統(tǒng)的存在,使得系統(tǒng)的階數(shù)由原來(lái)機(jī)械手剛體系統(tǒng)的2階擴(kuò)大為4階系統(tǒng),液壓系統(tǒng)與機(jī)械系統(tǒng)相互耦合,系統(tǒng)具有很強(qiáng)的非線性。傳統(tǒng)的線性系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)方法基本上不可能滿足狀態(tài)變量,,,大范圍變化的要求,通過(guò)坐QQ?1P2P標(biāo)變化的反饋線性化的方法也滿足不了系統(tǒng)的要求。本節(jié)以BACKSTEPPING作為設(shè)計(jì)方法,通過(guò)適當(dāng)定義幾個(gè)STEP之間的虛擬控制量進(jìn)行控制器的反演設(shè)計(jì)。同時(shí),考慮到機(jī)械手從手系統(tǒng)受到的外界干擾和模型建模不精確問(wèn)題,采用滑??刂频姆椒?,將模型的不精確和外界干擾抑制,并采用參考模型輸入的方式,通過(guò)設(shè)置參考模型狀態(tài)的初始值,使閉環(huán)控制系統(tǒng)跳過(guò)滑模過(guò)渡階段,并使系統(tǒng)的跟蹤速度更快收斂。STEP1以機(jī)械手從手系統(tǒng)方程612A作為控制目標(biāo),設(shè)計(jì)控制器使得狀態(tài)漸進(jìn)收斂于。QDQ定義為虛擬控制,并定義如下虛擬控制量?2211LLDLDPPQDPQDPAPAQD??????????613A其中,為期望的機(jī)械手從手控制力矩,為期D??望力矩與實(shí)際控制力矩的誤差。LLDLPPPAPAP2211????613B為等效的控制壓差,為期望的等效控制壓LPLDP差,為期望等效控制壓差與等效控制壓差的誤差。LP并且,使以下控制量的等式成立LDDPQD??613C即,DLDQDP?1??613D
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