汽車外文翻譯---評(píng)估中國汽車排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn)對(duì)柴油發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)再制造的影響（原文）

1、Assessing the impact of China's vehicle emission standards on diesel engine remanufacturingJi-Hao Zhang, Ming Chen*School of Mechanical Engineering and Power Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, Chin

2、aa r t i c l e i n f oArticle history:Received 16 July 2014Received in revised form2 March 2015Accepted 14 March 2015Available online xxxKeywords:Life Cycle Assessment (LCA)RemanufacturingDieselEmission standardStrategyE

3、missiona b s t r a c tThe remanufacturing industry is one of the strategic emerging industries in China that are changing thetraditional economic growth mode, developing a circular economy, as well as promoting developme

4、nttoward becoming a resource-conserving and environment-friendly society. Based on the currentdevelopment of China's engine remanufacturing industry and government policy, this study analyzed thecharacteristics and d

5、evelopment trend of the engine remanufacturing industry. Diesel engine remanu-facturing is the earliest remanufacturing business in China and is the key to the development of theremanufacturing industry. Diesel remanufac

6、turing mostly involves different stages of the vehicle exhaustemission standard implemented in China. A life-cycle assessment model was developed to investigatepollution prevention achieved in China by remanufacturing a

7、China 2 standard heavy-duty diesel enginecompared with a new one that has similar specifications and manufactured by the same OEM but meetsthe China 4 standard. Qualitative analysis indicates that a different remanufactu

8、ring strategy needs to beadopted for an engine in a different exhaust emission standard stage. The principle of remanufacturing is“Remanufacturing restores used automotive engines to like-new condition”. However, remanuf

9、acturing aChina 2 or 3 engine increases emissions. Therefore, the principle of remanufacturing does not alwaysachieve the goal of remanufacturing development in China.© 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.1. Intr

10、oductionIn 2013, the output and sales of China's vehicle were 22.1168 million vehicles and 21.9841 million vehicles respectively, an in- crease of 14.76% and 13.87% compared with those of the previous year. By the en

11、d of 2013, China's vehicle ownership has reached 137 million units. In the same year, the State Council issued the “The notice about action plan of prevention and control of at- mospheric pollution”, which requires s

12、peeding up the elimination of “the standard yellow cars” and old cars, to accelerate the abandonment of the motor vehicle. During the year 2013, 1.35 million scrapped automobiles were recycled in China, an increase of 22

13、.7% compared with those of the previous year (Ministry of Commerce, 2014). The continuous increase in vehicle consump- tion will consequently lead to an increase in the number of scrapped vehicles and engines in the futu

14、re. By that time, therewill be a huge challenge to process the numerous scrapped vehicles. Remanufacturing is a powerful tool that turns damaged prod- ucts into resources. Used products are the core of remanufacturing, w

15、herein new technologies and techniques are used to produce remanufactured products with equal functionality and quality as that of the original products. Remanufacturing can save up to 50% of the cost, 60% of the energy,

16、 and 70% of the material used to produce a new product and has an important role in improving environ- ment protection and combating global climate change (Xu, 2012). Energy and environment problems have increased with t

17、he continuous economic development of China. China vigorously promotes the development of the remanufacturing industry owing to its excellent performance in energy conservation and emission reduction. The above factors a

18、re the main motivation for product remanufacturing in China, unlike in other countries where moti- vations for product remanufacturing include ethical and moral re- sponsibility and environmental legislation as well as d

19、irect economic motives (Seitz, 2007). Like some developed countries, China continuously introduces new vehicle exhaust emission standards to reduce greenhouse gas emission. These standards define the acceptable limits fo

20、r exhaust* Corresponding author. School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao TongUniversity, No. 800 Dongchuan Road, 200240 Shanghai, PR China. Tel./fax: þ86 2134206079.E-mail address: mingchen@sjtu.edu.cn (M. C

21、hen).Contents lists available at ScienceDirectJournal of Cleaner Productionjournal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/jcleprohttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.03.1030959-6526/© 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights re

22、served.Journal of Cleaner Production xxx (2015) 1e8Please cite this article in press as: Zhang, J.-H., Chen, M., Assessing the impact of China's vehicle emission standards on diesel engine remanufacturing, Journal of

23、 Cleaner Production (2015), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.03.103support services industry reached 10 billion yuan (1.63 billion dollars). The entire industry attained an annual savings of 400,000 tons of metal

24、 and 350,000 tons of coal, created 25,000 new jobs, and lowered end consumer cost of 10 billion yuan (1.63 billion dollars). The automobile parts remanufacturing industry is focused on engine remanufacturing, with its pa

25、rticular focus on diesel remanufacturing. The diesel remanufacturing industry involves several aspects, such as used engine recycling, remanufacturing processes, and remanufactured diesel engine sales. In China, the sour

26、ces of used engines for remanufacturing (the core) are claims for engine replacement during the warranty period, recycling of used engines through replacement with remanufactured engines,engines removed from an end-of-li

27、fe vehicle and engines rejected from the engine production process. Claim engines are engines that have accumulated for several years from the engine production enterprises. Remanufacturing process technologies include s

28、ize matching method, replacement method, and surface engineering repair method. The size matching method mainly involves machining the surface part again to ensure fit clearance tolerance. The replacement method involves

29、 replacing damaged old parts with new ones. The surface engineering repair method mainly uses different surface engineering repair technologies to recover the size of the old parts outside the size range, and then the pa

30、rts are machined to fit clearance tolerance. The surface engineering repair method has developed quickly in China and isFig. 1. China's vehicle engines production (2006e2013).Table 2Laws, regulations and development

31、plans of the remanufacturing industry in China.Date Department Laws, regulations and development plans Main contentJan. 2009 NPCa People's Republic of China Circular Economypromotion LawSupport enterprises to develop

32、 vehicle parts, engineeringmachinery, machine tools and other productsremanufacturingFeb. 2010 NDRCb, SAICc Notice to enable and strengthen automotive partremanufacturing product label managementand protectionStart using

33、 auto parts remanufacturing product labeling,aimed at strengthening supervision on remanufacturedproductsSep. 2010 MIITd Implementing guidelines for remanufacturing products Specification remanufactured products producti

34、on and guideconsumerApr. 2012 MIIT, MOSTe Mechanical and electrical product remanufacturingtechnology and equipment catalogGuide remanufacturing technology and equipment researchand development, promote the application o

35、f advancedtechnology and equipment demonstration application,enhance the level of remanufacturing industryJan. 2013 NDRC, MOFf, MIIT, AQSIQg Quality and technical standards for remanufacturing unit(trial)Specification re

36、manufacturing production and ensure thequality of remanufactured products, promoteremanufacturing industry, scale developmentJul. 2013 NDRC, MOF, MIIT, MOCh,AQSIQPilot of “remanufacturing products for replacementof old p

37、arts” implementation schemeBy the “ remanufacturing products for replacement of oldparts ” way to promote recycling old parts remanufacturing,expand thecore sourcesOct. 2013 MIIT Internal combustion engine remanufacturin

38、gpropulsion planPromote the formation of an internal combustion engineindustry cycle mode of production and consumption patternsa National People's Congress. b National Development and Reform Commission of the People

39、's Republic of China. c State Administration for Industry and Commerce of the People's Republic of China. d Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of the People's Republic of China. e Ministry of Sci

40、ence and Technology of the People's Republic of China. f Ministry of Finance of the People's Republic of China. g General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Repub

41、lic of China. h Ministry of Commerce of the People's Republic of China.J.-H. Zhang, M. Chen / Journal of Cleaner Production xxx (2015) 1e8 3Please cite this article in press as: Zhang, J.-H., Chen, M., Assessing the