[雙語翻譯]酒后駕駛外文翻譯--影響酒后駕駛和非酒后駕駛車禍嚴重程度的因素研究

1、3000 英文單詞， 英文單詞，15500 英文字符，中文 英文字符，中文 4500 字文獻出處： 文獻出處：Velmurugan S, Padma S, Madhu E, et al. A study of factors influencing the severity of road crashes involving drunk drivers and non drunk drivers[J]. Research in tran

2、sportation economics, 2013, 38(1): 78-83.A study of factors influencing the severity of road crashes involving drunk drivers and non drunk driversS.Velmurugan , S. Padma , E. Madhu , S. Anuradha , S. GangopadhyayAbstract

3、 In this study, an attempt has been made to develop Multinomial Logit (MNL) model by analysing the drunken and non drunken drivers involved in road crashes on Indian highways. Multinomial Logit model has been deployed

4、to assess the influence of various parameters like vehicular, environment and geometric factors on the set of drivers who were found to be drunk at the time of getting involved in the road crash and those who were not un

5、der the influence of alcohol at the time of meeting with the road crash. The total economic cost of road crashes in the case of non-drunk driver road crash is Rs. 1046.27 million whereas in the case of drunk driver road

6、crashes it is estimated to be Rs. 204.50 million. Further, it can be observed that economic cost of drunk driver road crashes is varying from 13 to 19 % across different types of road crashes.Keywords: Road crash occu

7、rrence; Drunk and non drunk drivers; Road crash severity ;Multinomial logit model; Economic cost of road crashes and national; highways1. IntroductionDrunken driving is a menace throughout the world and the Indian

8、 scenario is not an exception. India has seen a steady increase in the drunken driving cases being involved in road crashes. The fast growing economy empowering individuals at a very young age with higher spending capaci

9、ties and with increasing avenues for enter- tainment there is no sight of these drunken driving crashes coming down in numbers. It is often argued that under the same circum- stances the probability of a drunken driver e

10、ncountering a serious injury is more than that of a non drunk driver. The paper makes an attempt to study the road crashes involving drunk drivers and non drunk drivers in order to assess the impact of other variables on

11、 the severity of injury and thereby understand the intricacies of influential variables on severity of injury. For this purpose, the road crash data available with the Road Safety Cell of National Highway Authority of In

12、dia (NHAI) has been employed. Multinomial Logit model has been used for the formulation of the relationship.2. Literature reviewNumerous studies have been carried out in different parts of the world linking the severi

13、ty of road crashes with the various influencing factors. Eluru and Bhat (2007) studied the influence of seat belt usage on the crash related injury severity and highlighted the usage of a joint correlated random coeffici

14、ents binary-ordered response to underline the importance of moderating effects of unobserved individual crash related factors for the determination of injury severity and also the impact of seat belt use endogeneity. Sim

15、ilarly, Krull, Khattak, and Council (2000) deployed a logistic model to study how physical condition of the driver, vehicle type, roadway geometrics, Average Annual Daily Traffic, speed limit and rollover involvement aff

16、ect the probability of fatal and incapacitating injuries. They found that parameters responsible for increase in road crashes contributing to fatal and severe injury are rollover involvement, failure to use a seat belt,

17、alcohol consumption, rural roads (as opposed to urban) and higher speed limits. Similarly, O’Donnell and two distinct types, depending on whether the response variable has an ordered or unordered structure (So and Kuhfel

18、d, 1995) Jonsson, Ivan, and Zhang (2007).The model assumes the following formwhereπik - is the probability the ith case falls in category kZik - is the value of kth unobserved continuous variable for the ith case.The log