福柯式解讀黃色壁紙中的話語與權力

1、 i 福柯式解讀《黃色壁紙》中的話語與權力 ?？率浇庾x《黃色壁紙》中的話語與權力 摘 要 本文利用?？吕碚撎剿飨穆逄?#183;柏金斯·吉爾曼《黃色壁紙》中的話語關系和權力機制。全文共包括引言部分，兩個章節(jié)和結語四個部分。正文兩章分別討論小說中的話語與權力問題。 第一章分兩個部分，分別討論小說文本內外兩種不同的話語關系。作為《黃色壁紙》 背景的十九世紀的美國社會存在兩種競爭話語： 一種是父權制社會對完美女性的標準， 另一種

2、則是伴隨女性運動而逐漸興起的新女性的聲音。 在吉爾曼所處的男性話語為主導的時代，女性受困于“完美女性標準” ， 她們被限制在家庭中操持家務相夫教子。 然而隨著女性運動的發(fā)展， 以吉爾曼為代表的新女性出現了，她們開始掙脫家庭束縛參與到公共事務當中。而與此巧合的一件事是，當時有一大批中產階級知識女性同時也是女性運動的主力軍開始陷入精神疾病而不得不接受精神病醫(yī)生的治療。 著名神經學家密區(qū)將此歸咎于她們對公共事務的過多參與， 因為女性與男性不同

3、的生理構造使她們無法承擔過多的腦力勞動。 在吉爾曼的小說中， 在他的休息療法的幫助下， 這一醫(yī)學觀點便將原本父權制與新女性的話語對峙轉為精神病人與醫(yī)學話語的對峙。 如同?？玛P于瘋癲與文明的話語關系討論一樣，小說中醫(yī)學知識對作為病人的敘述者的話語控制通過醫(yī)學權威，確定其他者性從而有效的將瘋癲的話語控制在一定范圍內。 第二章闡述《黃色壁紙》中權力的運作。在小說中權力的運作首先是由兩種現代社會制度實現的——婚姻和醫(yī)療。 這兩種制度為權力的實施

4、提供了一系列的技術和步驟。 在小說中這些技術和步驟主要由監(jiān)視實現。 由于被置于一個具有全iii A FOUCAULDIAN APPROACH TO DICOURSE AND POWER IN THE YELLOW WALLPAPE: Abstract This thesis investigates discursive relations and power mechanisms in Charlotte Perkins Gilma

5、n?s The Yellow Wallpaper from Foucauldian perspective. It is composed of two chapters, discussing the issues of discourse and power respectively. Chapter One explores two kinds of discursive relation and how the two inte

6、ract with each other. In the nineteenth-century America, a major conflict existing between man and woman is the competing voices between patriarchal ideals of womanhood and the rise of women movement. Around Gilman?s tim

7、e, women were confined to domesticity by a man-made ideology called the ideal of True Womanhood. However with the rise of women movement, New Woman represented by Gilman began to fight her way out of domesticity and into

8、 public sphere. At the same time a growing number of women of middle class fell into mental troubles, and were forced to go to the doctor. A famous neurologist Mitchell of the time ascribed this to women involvement into

9、 public sphere for he thought women?s biological make-up was not designed for intellectual work. This had transformed the discursive relation between Patriarchy and women?s discourse into that between patient and medical

10、 profession in Gilman?s story. The discursive relation between patient and medical profession involves institutional authority, the otherness of the patient and the control of the patient?s discourse. Chapter Two examine

11、s how power functions in The Yellow Wallpaper. The exercise of power is realized through two institutions – marriage and medical profession, which provide a series of techniques and procedures among which surveillance ta

12、kes the major role in the story. Situated in a panoptical house, the narrator is forced under such omnipresent surveillance both from outside and inside that she rises to resist power by descending into madness. However