2018年渤海大學(xué)外國語學(xué)院905英語語言與教學(xué)[專業(yè)碩士]之語言學(xué)教程考研基礎(chǔ)五套測試題

1、20182018年渤海大學(xué)外國語學(xué)院年渤海大學(xué)外國語學(xué)院905905英語語言與教學(xué)英語語言與教學(xué)[專業(yè)碩士專業(yè)碩士]之語言學(xué)教程考研基礎(chǔ)五套測試題之語言學(xué)教程考研基礎(chǔ)五套測試題一、Explainthefllowingterms1Syllable【答案】Syllable:Itreferstoaunitofspokenlanguagethatisbiggerthanaspeechsound.Itconsistsofonemevowelsou

2、ndsaloneofasyllabicconsonantaloneofeitherwithonemeconsonantsoundsprecedingfollowing.2Relationalopposites【答案】Thisisatypeofantonymyinwhichthemembersofapairdonotconstituteapositivenegativeopposition.Theyshowthereversalofare

3、lationshipbetweentwoentities.Fexample“buysell”issuchapair.XbuyssomethingfromYmeansYsellssomethingfromX.3TheLondonSchoolofLinguistics【答案】TheLondonSchoolgenerallyreferstothekindoflinguisticscholarshipinEngl.Themanwhoturned

4、linguisticsproperintoarecognizeddistinctacademicsubjectinBritainwasJ.R.Firth.4Duality【答案】Dualityreferstothefactthatinalllanguagessofarinvestigatedtherearetwolevelsofstructurepatterning.Atthefirsthigherlevellanguageisanal

5、yzedintermsofcombinationsofmeaningfulunitsatthesecondlowerlevelitisseenasasequence（suchasmphemeswdsetc.）ofsegmentswhichlackanymeaninginthemselvesbutwhichcombinetofmunitsofmeaning.Fexampleasyllableisthesmallestunitthatisn

6、mallyspokenbyitselfscesofsyllablesbecomethecarriersofhundredsofmeaningfulsegmentsofwdsthatarecalledmphemes.5CAICAL（financialinstitution）.8constituent【答案】Constituentisatermusedinstructuralsentenceanalysisfeverylinguisticu

7、nitwhichisapartofalargerlinguisticunit.Severalconstituentstogetherfmaconstruction:fexampleinthesentenceTheboyatetheappleStheboyatetheappleeachpartisaconstituent.（A）（B）（C）Constituentscanbejoinedtogetherwithotherconstituen

8、tstofmlargerunits.IftwoconstituentsinthecaseoftheexampleaboveB（theboy）C（atetheapple）arejoinedtofmahierarchicallyhigherconstituentA（“S”，hereasentence）thenBCaresaidtobeimmediateconstituentsofA.9Conversationalimplicature【答案

9、】ConversationalimplicaturereferstoatypeofimpliedmeaningwhichisdeducedonthebasisoftheconventionalmeaningofwdstogetherwiththecontextundertheguidanceoftheCPitsmaxims.FexampletheimplicatureofHeisatigercouldprobablybehehassom

10、eacteristicsofatiger.10ICanalysis【答案】ICanalysis:ICanalysis（immediateconstituentanalysis）referstotheanalysisofasentenceintermsofitsimmediateconstituentswdgroups（phrases）whichareinturnanalyzedintotheimmediateconstituentsof

11、theirowntheprocessgoesonuntiltheultimateconstituentsarereached.Inpracticefthesakeofconvenienceweusuallystopatthelevelofwd.二、Shtanswerquestions11WhataresuprasegmentalfeaturesHowdothemajsuprasegmentalfeaturesofEnglishfunct