經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)原理·薩繆爾森--中山大學(xué)嶺南學(xué)院ch(2)

1、CH7 Analysis of Costs,A. Economic Analysis of CostsTotal CostFixed Cost (Sunk Cost) Variable Cost,,Marginal Cost: The extra or additional cost of producing 1 extra unit of output.,The average cost,Average Variable Cos

2、t,Average Fixed Cost,The Relationship between Total Cost and Marginal Cost,All Cost Curves Can Be Derived from the Total Cost Curve,The relationship of TC, AC and MC,MC0?TC?MCAC ?AC ?at the minimum point of AC, MC=AC,

3、Relation of Slope and Marginal Cost,the link of production and costs,Factors Influencing Cost: price of input production function (Technology),Diminishing Returns and U-shaped Cost Curves,Diminishing Returns an

4、d U-shaped Cost Curves,Choice of Input by the Firm,Marginal Products and the Least-cost RuleAssumption: Firms minimize their costs of production.,Least-cost rule,Substitution Rule,If the price of one factor falls while

5、all other factor prices remain the same, firms will profit by substituting the now-cheaper factor for all the other factors.,B. Economic costs and business accounting,Income statement or statement of profit and loss (收益

6、表或損益表)The fundamental identity: Net income (profit) = total revenue – total expenses,,cost of goods sold 銷貨成本 overhead costs 間接費(fèi)用 depreciation 折舊,,Balance sheet （資產(chǎn)負(fù)債表）,Assets 資產(chǎn)liabilities 負(fù)債net w

7、orth 凈值Total assets = total liability + net worth,,Accounting conventions會(huì)計(jì)方法,流動(dòng)資產(chǎn) current assets固定資產(chǎn) fixed assets應(yīng)付帳款 accounts payable應(yīng)付債券 notes payable,C. Opportunity costs,,Production, Cost Theory, and Decisions o