學(xué)術(shù)英語(醫(yī)學(xué))unit1

1、學(xué)術(shù)英語 醫(yī)學(xué),Academic English for Medicine,Unit 1,Doctors’ LifeDoctors are thought as noble, respectable, and caring, but it is really common to read or hear about the complaints of doctors’ being impatient and careless. Wh

2、at are the causes for such complaints? How can ordinary incidents influence the way doctors practice medicine? This unit explores doctors’ life from different perspectives so that you can understand them better.,,Unit 1

3、Doctors’ Life,Unit Contents,Lead-in,Text A,Text B,Text C,Listening,Speaking,Writing,Get reading for Unit 2,,Lead-in,Questions to be answeredBrainstorm Additional activity,Unit 1 Doctors’ Life,,Lead-in,Questions to

4、be answered,What are the causes for complaints of doctors’ being impatient and careless? What kind of life does a doctor lead? How can ordinary incidents influence the way doctors practice medicine?,Unit 1 Doctors’

5、Life,,Lead-in,Brainstorm,Brainstorm a list of words and expressions related to a doctor’s life and practice.,Unit 1 Doctors’ Life,,Lead-in,Additional activity,What do they mean for a doctor? a decent careera noble cal

6、lingrespectableknowledgeableunder great pressureunderpaidmistrusteddangerous,Unit 1 Doctors’ Life,,Text A,Critical reading and thinking – Questions for discussion – Topics for presentation – Use

7、ful expressions – Difficult sentencesLanguage building-up – Signpost language – Formal English – Vocabulary testSuggested answers,Unit 1 Doctors’ Life,,Text A Critical reading and thinking,Q

8、uestions for discussion,How do you interpret the title?neuron overloadjuggling physician,Unit 1 Doctors’ Life,,Text A Critical reading and thinking,Topics for presentation,1 Do you agree that it is sheer neuron overl

9、oad on the doctor side that leads to the complaint that doctors don’t listen?,neuron overloadpatients’ high expectationsmistrust and misunderstanding between the patients and physician,Unit 1 Doctors’ Life,,2 Describe

10、 Mrs. Osorio’s condition.,Text A,Topics for presentation,Unit 1 Doctors’ Life,,Text A,Useful expressions,a 56-year-old womansomewhat overweightreasonably well-controlled diabetes and hypertensioncholesterol on the hi

11、gh side without any medications for thisnot as much exercise as she shouldthinning of her bones on last DEXA scanstressful but good about keeping her appointments and getting her blood testsgenerally healthy,Unit 1

12、Doctors’ Life,Critical reading and thinking,,Text A,Useful expressions,in my practice / in a medical practiceoverweightdiabeteshypertensioncholesterol on the high sideDEXA scanthinning of her bones / lower density

13、stressful lifekeep her appointments blood testsgenerally healthyan average patientnot excessively complicated,Unit 1 Doctors’ Life,Critical reading and thinking,,Text A,Topics for presentation,3 What are the good

14、and bad things about Mrs. Osorio’s conditions that run through the author’s mind?,Unit 1 Doctors’ Life,Critical reading and thinking,,Text A,Useful expressions,Good ThingsBlood tests doneGlucose a little betterHer bl

15、ood pressure good but not greatBad ThingsHer weight a little upHer bones a little thin on the DEXA,Unit 1 Doctors’ Life,Critical reading and thinking,,Text A,Useful expressions,20-min consultationglucosestarting a

16、 statinliver enzymes normalfive fruits and vegetables — diet choices30 min of walking each day — exercisemorning sugars compare to her evening sugarsthe nutritionist / her eye doctor / the podiatristblood pressure

17、add another BP medmore pills,Unit 1 Doctors’ Life,Critical reading and thinking,,Text A,Useful expressions,start a bisphosphonateprevent osteoporosisexperiencing just the usual stress of lifelurking depression or an

18、xiety disorderthe depression questionnairehealth maintenanceher last mammogramPAP smearcolonoscopya tetanus booster qualify for a pneumonia vaccine,Unit 1 Doctors’ Life,Critical reading and thinking,,Text A,Topic

19、s for presentation,4 Describe the situation when Mrs. Ororio might send the author’s delicately balanced three-ring circus tumbling down.,Unit 1 Doctors’ Life,Critical reading and thinking,,Text A,Useful expressions,Th

20、e author was in moderate state of panic: juggling so many thoughts about Mrs. Osorio’s conditions and trying to resolve them all before the clock ran down.Mrs. Osorio made a trivial request, not so important as compared

21、 to her conditions.Mrs. Osorio seemed to care only about her “ innocent—and completely justified—request”: the form signed by her doctor.The doctor tried to or at least pretend to pay attention to the patients while co

22、mpleting documentation.Complaints that doctors don’t listen might have other reasons than just doctors’ neuron overload.,Unit 1 Doctors’ Life,Critical reading and thinking,,Text A,Useful expressions,the diet-and-exerci

23、se discussionnot making eye contact with Mrs. Osorio (communication skills)get her lab resultscheck her mammogram reportdocument the progress of her illnessesorder the testsrefill her prescriptions,Unit 1 Doctors

24、’ Life,Critical reading and thinking,,Text A,Useful expressions,her insurance company / insurance form / lose my coveragedo her physical examinationher back painanything more than routine muscle strainplace into accu

25、rate and thorough documentationinteract with my patient,Unit 1 Doctors’ Life,Critical reading and thinking,,5 Compare multitasking in human beings and computers.,Text A,Topics for presentation,Unit 1 Doctors’ Life,Cri

26、tical reading and thinking,,Text A,Useful expressions,Multitasking originated in computer science.Microprocessors in fact linear, actually performing only one task at a time.Multitasking just as an illusion both in com

27、puter and humans.At best, Human juggling only a handful of thoughts in this manner.The more thoughts we juggle, the less we are able to attune fully to any given thought.Multitasking as a recipe for disaster,Unit 1 D

28、octors’ Life,Critical reading and thinking,,Text A,Useful expressions,an insurance company formorder her mammogramrefill only five of her six medicinesfully explain the side-effects of one of her medications,Unit 1 D

29、octors’ Life,Critical reading and thinking,,6 Use numbers to justify that it is the juggling mind that keeps doctors awake at night.,Text A,Topics for presentation,Unit 1 Doctors’ Life,Critical reading and thinking,,Tex

30、t A,Useful expressions,7 medical issues to consider5 separate thoughts, at least, for each issue 7 X 5 = 35 thoughts10 patients that afternoon35 X 10 = 3505 residents under the author’s supervision4 patients seen b

31、y each residents10 thoughts, at least, generated by each patients5 X 4 X 10 = 200350 + 200 = 550 thoughts to be handled in total If the doctor does a good job juggling 98% of the time, that still leaves ten thoughts

32、that might get lost in the process.,Unit 1 Doctors’ Life,Critical reading and thinking,,Text A,Useful expressions,medical issues to considersupervise five residentsin a working daya disastrous outcomea possible laws

33、uitMost doctors are reasonably competent, caring individuals, but the overwhelming swirl of thoughts that we must keep track of leaves many of us in a perpetual panic that something serious might slip. This is what kee

34、ps us awake at night.,Unit 1 Doctors’ Life,Critical reading and thinking,,7 What are possible solutions to the impossible high-wire act of jugglingcompeting details and panicking about slipping a critical one?,Text A,T

35、opics for presentation,Unit 1 Doctors’ Life,Critical reading and thinking,,Text A,Useful expressions,computer-generated reminderscase managersancillary servicesthe simplest: time,Unit 1 Doctors’ Life,Critical readin

36、g and thinking,,Text A,Useful expressions,an hour for each patient > a spectacular doctorSituation in China?the choices that practicing physicians face every day, with every patientrely on our clinical judgment to

37、prioritisetransplant fielda dedicated and competent clinical partner such as a one-on-one nursemedical budgets,Unit 1 Doctors’ Life,Critical reading and thinking,,Text A,Difficult Sentences,1 …that one stray request

38、from a patient—even one that is quite relevant—might send the delicately balanced three-ring circus tumbling down. (Para.1) 如果病人冷不丁提個(gè)要求，即使所提要求十分中肯，也會(huì)讓我那內(nèi)心脆弱的平衡亂作一團(tuán)，就像井然有序同時(shí)演出三臺(tái)節(jié)目的大馬戲場(chǎng)突然崩塌一樣。,Unit 1 Doctors’ Life,Criti

39、cal reading and thinking,,2 ... I’m piling yet another pill onto her ... (Para. 3)─ 我還要再給她另加一種藥,Text A,Difficult Sentences,Unit 1 Doctors’ Life,,Text A,Difficult Sentences,…she's caught one of my neurons in mid-fi

40、re… (Para. 4)─ 她讓我如火如荼的思緒戛然而止… My instinct is to put one hand up and keep all interruptions at bay. (Para. 4)─ 我的本能反應(yīng)是舉手，阻止她打斷我的思路。,Unit 1 Doctors’ Life,Critical reading and thinking,,Text A,Difficult Sentences,We

41、 merely zip back and forth between them, generally losing accuracy in the process. (Para. 7)─ 我們?nèi)祟愔皇窃趦蓚€(gè)想法之間來回快速轉(zhuǎn)換，通常 情況下，在轉(zhuǎn)換的過程中丟失了精準(zhǔn)。 The more thoughts we juggle, the less we are able to attune fully to any give

42、n thought. (Para. 8)─ The higher up, the heavier the fall.─ The more, the better.,Unit 1 Doctors’ Life,Critical reading and thinking,,Text A,Difficult Sentences,My choices seem to boil down to entertaining fewer thoug

43、hts, accepting decreased accuracy for each thought, giving up on thorough documentation, or having a constant headache from neuronal overload. (Para. 10) boil down to:歸結(jié)為It boils down to a question of ethics.它可歸結(jié)成一

44、個(gè)倫理學(xué)問題。,Unit 1 Doctors’ Life,Critical reading and thinking,,Text A,Difficult Sentences,In some cases, having a dedicated and competent clinical partner such as a one-on-one nurse can come close to simulating a second br

45、ain, but most medical budgets don't allow for such staffing indulgence. (Para.12)有些情況下，有個(gè)專注、出色的臨床搭檔，如一對(duì)一的護(hù)士，就仿佛有了第二個(gè)大腦，不過大多數(shù)醫(yī)療預(yù)算不會(huì)如此大方，這樣配備人員。,Unit 1 Doctors’ Life,Critical reading and thinking,,Text A Language B

46、uilding-up,Signpost Language,An innocent—and completely justified—request, but … (Para.5) ─ What is the function of the parentheses / dashes in the sentence? ─ Parenthetical statements: inserting additional informati

47、on without creating a separate sentence and are often demonstrated by parentheses and dash.,Unit 1 Doctors’ Life,,Text A Language Building-up,Formal English,Degree of formality should be determined bythe audiencethe

48、expectations of the audiencethe writer’s purposes For example, the writer of Text A employs informal language when recording her juggling thoughts, and a noticeable shift from that of the rest of the article where

49、formal style is consistently maintained. A juggling mind is vividly presented by informal and even ungrammatical use of language, such as “Maybe leave this until next time?”,Unit 1 Doctors’ Life,,Text A Language Buildi

50、ng-up,Formal English,Formal English,It is used in official, literary, academic writing, or formal social events.It is more commonly used in writing than speech.Sentences are often long and complex.Contractions are avo

51、ided.,Informal English,It is used in everyday personal conversations or letters to friends. It is more commonly used in everyday speech than in writing.Sentences are often short and simple.Contractions are common.,Uni

52、t 1 Doctors’ Life,,Text A Language Building-up,Formal English,Formal English,The passive voice is often used, making it sound impersonal.Much vocabulary derived from French and Latin is used.Colloquial terms, slangs

53、and many phrasal verbs are avoided.,Informal English,The active voice is often used.Vocabulary derived from French and Latin is not used.Colloquial terms, slangs and many phrasal verbs are common.,Unit 1 Doctors’ Life

54、,,Text A Language Building-up,Formal English,Formal English,The researchers identified the important properties.Doctors have established a new method.This appeared to rectify the problem,Informal English,The researche

55、rs found out what the important things were.Doctors have come up with a new method.This seemed to fix the problem,Unit 1 Doctors’ Life,,Text A Language Building-up,Formal English,Formal English,His words demonstrate

56、 that …Details of the report are to be found on Page 26.The experiment was carried out / performed.,Informal English,His words show that …You can find out all about the report on page 26.They did an experiment.,U

57、nit 1 Doctors’ Life,,Text A Language Building-up,Formal English – key to Task 3,1 Good thing she did her blood tests. Glucose is a little better. Cholesterol isn't great. May need to think about starting a statin.

58、Are her liver enzymes normal? (Para. 3)Good signs include that she did her blood tests, and that her glucose level is a little better. However, her cholesterol level isn’t great, and I may need to consider prescribing

59、a statin for her. Furthermore, I wondered if her liver enzymes are normal.,Unit 1 Doctors’ Life,Task 3 Rewrite the following sentences from Text A with a more formal style.,,Text A Language Building-up,Formal English–

60、key to Task 3,2 Has she been to the eye doctor? The podiatrist? (Para. 3),Unit 1 Doctors’ Life,Has she been to the eye doctor and the podiatrist?,,Text A Language Building-up,Formal English– key to Task 3,3 But now I‘m

61、 piling yet another pill onto her, and one that requires detailed instructions. Maybe leave this until next time? (Para. 3),Unit 1 Doctors’ Life,But now I'm piling yet another pill onto her, and the pill requires de

62、tailed instructions. “Maybe, should I leave this until next time?” I thought.,,Text A Language Building-up,Formal English– key to Task 3,4 Health maintenance: when was her last mammogram? PAP smear? (Para. 3),Unit 1 Do

63、ctors’ Life,To my mind came her health maintenance. I asked myself, “When did she receive her last mammogram and PAP smear?”,,Text A,Vocabulary test,________________ overload（神經(jīng)過載） a typical office ________（典型的診所就診） DE

64、XA _______（DEXA掃描） medical ___________（行醫(yī)）,visit,scan,practice,neuron / neuronal,____________ report（乳房X-線檢查報(bào)告）_________ examination（體檢）__________ of a medication（藥物的副作用）,mammogram,side-effects,physical,Unit 1 Doctor

65、s’ Life,Language Building-up,,Text A,Vocabulary test,________________control（血壓控制）health ______________（健康保持） perpetual _________（永久的恐慌）_________ physicians（執(zhí)業(yè)醫(yī)生）______________ field（移植領(lǐng)域）medical _________（醫(yī)療預(yù)算）par

66、acetamol _________（撲熱息痛藥片）_________ cap（防孩子打開的蓋子）,panic,blood pressure,maintenance,practicing,transplant,budget,tablet,childproof,Unit 1 Doctors’ Life,Language Building-up,,Text A,Suggested answers,Unit 1 Doctors’ Lif

67、e,Task 1. 2 Match each of the following English term and Chinese equivalent.,pneumothoraxnutrienthypertensioncolonoscopymammectomyrefillneuralgiapodiatristnutritionistosteoporosisneurontransmittransplantpne

68、umoniamammogram,a. 移植b. 高血壓c. 乳房X線照片d. 結(jié)腸鏡檢查（術(shù)）e. 神經(jīng)元，神經(jīng)細(xì)胞f. 肺炎g. 營(yíng)養(yǎng)物h. 神經(jīng)痛i. 營(yíng)養(yǎng)學(xué)家j. 再配（處方）k. 氣胸l. 傳染m. 骨質(zhì)疏松n. 足病醫(yī)生o. 乳房切除術(shù),k,g,b,d,o,j,h,n,i,m,e,i,a,f,c,,Text A,Suggested answers – language building-up,Un