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1、Chapter1LPeople一、本章知識點一、本章知識點1.重點：①DifferentnamesfBritainitsparts2.難點、考點：①Britain’sofficialname②BritishCommonwealth三、課本內(nèi)容三、課本內(nèi)容（一）DifferentnamesfBritainitspartsStrictlyspeakingtheBritishIslesGreatBritainEnglareallgeograp
2、hicalnames.1.TheBritishIslesaremadeupoftwolargeislshundredsofsmallisls.（seemapofUK）ThetwolargeislsareGreatBritainIrel.GreatBritainisthelargerofthesetwoisls.2.★TheofficialnameoftheUnitedKingdomistheUnitedKingdomofGreatBri
3、tainNthernIrel.ButitistoomuchofamouthfultosaysuchalongnamefacountrysopeoplejustsayBritaintheUnitedKingdomsimplyU.K.（UK）capital:LondonTheRepublicofIrel愛爾蘭共和國hasbeenanindependentrepublicsince1949itscapitalisDublin.3.Therea
4、rethreepoliticaldivisionsontheislofGreatBritain:EnglScotlWales.Englisthelargestmostpopulousrichestsopeopletendtouse“Engl”“English”whentheymean“Britain”“British”.4.TheBritishEmpire大英帝國:onefourthofthewld’speopleonefourthof
5、thewld’slarea.5.TheBritishEmpiregraduallydisappeareditwasreplacedbytheBritishCommonwealththeCommonwealthofNationsin1931.★TheCommonwealthisafreeassociationofindependentcountriesthatwereoncecoloniesofBritain.Membernationsa
6、rejoinedtogethereconomicallyhavecertaintradingarrangements.TheCommonwealthhasnospecialpowers.ThedecisiontobecomeamemberoftheCommonwealthislefttoeachnation.如果出簡答則只需要第一句話.（二）OthersGeographicalFeatures1.TheUnitedKingdomisse
7、paratedfromtherestofEuropebytheEnglishChannelinthesouththeNthSeaintheeast.TheEnglishChannelliesbetweenBritainFrance.（p.4）TaiwanStrait：臺灣海峽2.“Chunnel”:channeltunnelopenedtotrafficin1994.（p.5）Smog:smokefogMtel:mothotelKidu
8、lt:kidadult3.ThehighestmountaininBritain:BenNevis1343minScotl.（p.6）Thelongestriver:theSevernRiver（338km）Thesecondlargestmostimptantriver:theThamesRiver（336km）（p.7）3.Oct.141066HastingsAngloSaxonEnglperishedwithHarold’sdea
9、th.因為Harold的死亡英國被諾曼人打敗4.WilliamwascrownedKingofEnglonChristmasDay.5.WilliamtheConquer:thebestknowneventinEnglishhistythefeudalsystemwascompletelyestablished.法國諾曼第人征服后威廉成為英國國王成為英語歷史最著明的事件并且完本建立了封建制度.四、總結(jié)四、總結(jié):歷史上定居和入侵英國的不同
10、民族：Celts（Romans）AngloSaxonsVikingDalesNmansChapter3theshapingofthenation10661381本章知識點1重點:1Engl’sfeudalismundertheruleofWilliamtheConquer2ContentsthesignificanceoftheGreatter3iginsoftheEnglishParliament4TheHundredYears’Wa
11、rwithFranceitsconsequences5ConsequencesoftheBlackDeath2難點考點:Englishfeudalism:DomesdaybookGreatterEnglishParliament3課本內(nèi)容i.Engl’sfeudalismundertheruleofWilliamtheConquer1.UnderWilliamthefeudalsysteminEnglwascompletelyestab
12、lished.AccdingtothissystemtheKingownedthelpersonally.Williamgavehisbarons男爵largeestatesinEnglinreturnfapromiseofmilitaryserviceaproptionofthel’sproduce.Thebaronsparceledout分配ltothelessernoblesknightsfreemenalsoinreturnfg
13、oodsservices.Atthebottomofthefeudalscalewerethevillainsofserfsunfreepeasantswhowerelittlebetterthanslaves.★Classstructure等級結(jié)構(gòu):thekingbaronstenantsinchieflessernoblesknightsfreemenvillainsserfs(補充:baron’soathofallegiance誓
14、詞ftheking:“wewhoareasgoodasyousweartoyouwhoarenobetterthanwetoacceptyouasourkingsovereignldprovidedyouobserveallourstatuteslawsifnotno.”國王與貴族在封建法規(guī)所規(guī)定的權(quán)力和義務(wù)范圍內(nèi)平起平坐.)2.ReplacetheWitanwiththeGrCouncil(大會議)Williamreplacedthe
15、WitanthecounciloftheAngloSaxonKingswiththeGrCouncilofhisnewtenantsinchiefonwhichtheywererequiredtoservewhensummoned.3.★DomesdayBook:recdoflstenantstheirpossessionsftaxes.NotunliketheBookofDoom.(末日審判書)Indertohaveareliable
16、recdofallhislshistenantstheirpossessionstodiscoverhowmuchtheycouldbecalledupontopaybywayoftaxesWilliamsenthisclerkstocompileapropertyrecdknownasDomesdayBookbecauseitseemedtotheEnglishnotunliketheBookofDoomtobeusedbythegr
17、eatestfeudalldofallonJudgmentDay.注:WilliamtookadeepinterestinthedevelopmentofthechurchinEngl.Hispolicytowardsthechurchwastokeepitcompletelyunderhiscontrolbutatthesametimetoupholditspower.Buthetookcaretomaintainhisowninde
18、pendence.4.HenryⅡfounderofthePlantagedynasty(金雀花王朝)ruledf35years.HenryfounderoftheAngevinDynastyusuallyknownasthePlantagedynastybecamekingwentontorulef35years.InHenryⅡ’sreignacommonlawwhichoverrodelocallawprivatelawwasgr
19、aduallyestablishedinplaceofthecustomsofthemanwhichhadpreviouslyvariednotonlyfromshiretoshirebutevenfromonecommunitytoanother.Thecommonlawistheunwrittenlawcommontothewholepeopleasdistinctfromlawgoverningonlysectionsofitis
20、“casemade”i.e.basedonprecedentjudgmentsderivedfromacknowledgedcustom.InHenry’sdaythejurysystemwhoseiginscanbetracedtoprimitivetrialsinwhichwitnesseswerecalledfwardtosweartotheinnocenceoftheaccusedwasatlastreplacingoldEng
21、lishdealsbyfirewateroldNmantrialsbybattle.ii.contentsthesignificanceoftheGreatter1.Crusades(十字軍東征).TheresultwasconfrontationbetweenkingJohnhisbaronsin1215.2.MagnaCarta1215Thebarons’terMagnaCartaasitcametobeknownwaspresen
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