自考英語國家概況匯總版

1、Chapter1LPeople一、本章知識(shí)點(diǎn)一、本章知識(shí)點(diǎn)1.重點(diǎn)：①DifferentnamesfBritainitsparts2.難點(diǎn)、考點(diǎn)：①Britain’sofficialname②BritishCommonwealth三、課本內(nèi)容三、課本內(nèi)容（一）DifferentnamesfBritainitspartsStrictlyspeakingtheBritishIslesGreatBritainEnglareallgeograp

2、hicalnames.1.TheBritishIslesaremadeupoftwolargeislshundredsofsmallisls.（seemapofUK）ThetwolargeislsareGreatBritainIrel.GreatBritainisthelargerofthesetwoisls.2.★TheofficialnameoftheUnitedKingdomistheUnitedKingdomofGreatBri

3、tainNthernIrel.ButitistoomuchofamouthfultosaysuchalongnamefacountrysopeoplejustsayBritaintheUnitedKingdomsimplyU.K.（UK）capital:LondonTheRepublicofIrel愛爾蘭共和國hasbeenanindependentrepublicsince1949itscapitalisDublin.3.Therea

4、rethreepoliticaldivisionsontheislofGreatBritain:EnglScotlWales.Englisthelargestmostpopulousrichestsopeopletendtouse“Engl”“English”whentheymean“Britain”“British”.4.TheBritishEmpire大英帝國:onefourthofthewld’speopleonefourthof

5、thewld’slarea.5.TheBritishEmpiregraduallydisappeareditwasreplacedbytheBritishCommonwealththeCommonwealthofNationsin1931.★TheCommonwealthisafreeassociationofindependentcountriesthatwereoncecoloniesofBritain.Membernationsa

6、rejoinedtogethereconomicallyhavecertaintradingarrangements.TheCommonwealthhasnospecialpowers.ThedecisiontobecomeamemberoftheCommonwealthislefttoeachnation.如果出簡(jiǎn)答則只需要第一句話.（二）OthersGeographicalFeatures1.TheUnitedKingdomisse

7、paratedfromtherestofEuropebytheEnglishChannelinthesouththeNthSeaintheeast.TheEnglishChannelliesbetweenBritainFrance.（p.4）TaiwanStrait：臺(tái)灣海峽2.“Chunnel”:channeltunnelopenedtotrafficin1994.（p.5）Smog:smokefogMtel:mothotelKidu

8、lt:kidadult3.ThehighestmountaininBritain:BenNevis1343minScotl.（p.6）Thelongestriver:theSevernRiver（338km）Thesecondlargestmostimptantriver:theThamesRiver（336km）（p.7）3.Oct.141066HastingsAngloSaxonEnglperishedwithHarold’sdea

9、th.因?yàn)镠arold的死亡英國被諾曼人打敗4.WilliamwascrownedKingofEnglonChristmasDay.5.WilliamtheConquer:thebestknowneventinEnglishhistythefeudalsystemwascompletelyestablished.法國諾曼第人征服后威廉成為英國國王成為英語歷史最著明的事件并且完本建立了封建制度.四、總結(jié)四、總結(jié):歷史上定居和入侵英國的不同

10、民族：Celts（Romans）AngloSaxonsVikingDalesNmansChapter3theshapingofthenation10661381本章知識(shí)點(diǎn)1重點(diǎn):1Engl’sfeudalismundertheruleofWilliamtheConquer2ContentsthesignificanceoftheGreatter3iginsoftheEnglishParliament4TheHundredYears’Wa

11、rwithFranceitsconsequences5ConsequencesoftheBlackDeath2難點(diǎn)考點(diǎn):Englishfeudalism:DomesdaybookGreatterEnglishParliament3課本內(nèi)容i.Engl’sfeudalismundertheruleofWilliamtheConquer1.UnderWilliamthefeudalsysteminEnglwascompletelyestab

12、lished.AccdingtothissystemtheKingownedthelpersonally.Williamgavehisbarons男爵largeestatesinEnglinreturnfapromiseofmilitaryserviceaproptionofthel’sproduce.Thebaronsparceledout分配ltothelessernoblesknightsfreemenalsoinreturnfg

13、oodsservices.Atthebottomofthefeudalscalewerethevillainsofserfsunfreepeasantswhowerelittlebetterthanslaves.★Classstructure等級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu):thekingbaronstenantsinchieflessernoblesknightsfreemenvillainsserfs(補(bǔ)充:baron’soathofallegiance誓

14、詞ftheking:“wewhoareasgoodasyousweartoyouwhoarenobetterthanwetoacceptyouasourkingsovereignldprovidedyouobserveallourstatuteslawsifnotno.”國王與貴族在封建法規(guī)所規(guī)定的權(quán)力和義務(wù)范圍內(nèi)平起平坐.)2.ReplacetheWitanwiththeGrCouncil(大會(huì)議)Williamreplacedthe

15、WitanthecounciloftheAngloSaxonKingswiththeGrCouncilofhisnewtenantsinchiefonwhichtheywererequiredtoservewhensummoned.3.★DomesdayBook:recdoflstenantstheirpossessionsftaxes.NotunliketheBookofDoom.(末日審判書)Indertohaveareliable

16、recdofallhislshistenantstheirpossessionstodiscoverhowmuchtheycouldbecalledupontopaybywayoftaxesWilliamsenthisclerkstocompileapropertyrecdknownasDomesdayBookbecauseitseemedtotheEnglishnotunliketheBookofDoomtobeusedbythegr

17、eatestfeudalldofallonJudgmentDay.注:WilliamtookadeepinterestinthedevelopmentofthechurchinEngl.Hispolicytowardsthechurchwastokeepitcompletelyunderhiscontrolbutatthesametimetoupholditspower.Buthetookcaretomaintainhisowninde

18、pendence.4.HenryⅡfounderofthePlantagedynasty(金雀花王朝)ruledf35years.HenryfounderoftheAngevinDynastyusuallyknownasthePlantagedynastybecamekingwentontorulef35years.InHenryⅡ’sreignacommonlawwhichoverrodelocallawprivatelawwasgr

19、aduallyestablishedinplaceofthecustomsofthemanwhichhadpreviouslyvariednotonlyfromshiretoshirebutevenfromonecommunitytoanother.Thecommonlawistheunwrittenlawcommontothewholepeopleasdistinctfromlawgoverningonlysectionsofitis

20、“casemade”i.e.basedonprecedentjudgmentsderivedfromacknowledgedcustom.InHenry’sdaythejurysystemwhoseiginscanbetracedtoprimitivetrialsinwhichwitnesseswerecalledfwardtosweartotheinnocenceoftheaccusedwasatlastreplacingoldEng

21、lishdealsbyfirewateroldNmantrialsbybattle.ii.contentsthesignificanceoftheGreatter1.Crusades(十字軍東征).TheresultwasconfrontationbetweenkingJohnhisbaronsin1215.2.MagnaCarta1215Thebarons’terMagnaCartaasitcametobeknownwaspresen