整理英語(yǔ)國(guó)家概況期末考試題型及復(fù)習(xí)要點(diǎn)

1、英語(yǔ)國(guó)家概況期末考試題型及復(fù)習(xí)要點(diǎn)I. Fill in the blanks. (20 points, 1 point for each)II. Multiple choice questions. (20 points, 1 point for each)III. True or False. (10 points, 1 point for each)IV. Explain the following terms: (25

2、 points, 5 points for each)V. Answer the questions. (25 points, 5 points for each)填空、選擇和判斷正誤部分：關(guān)注所學(xué)英美國(guó)家內(nèi)容中的重點(diǎn)史實(shí)和重要知識(shí)要點(diǎn)。名詞解釋部分：1. British Commonwealth Also known as the Commonwealth of Nations.a) It is a free association

3、of independent countries that were once colonies of Britain.b) It was established in 1931, replacing the former British Empire. c) Member nations are joined together economically and have certain trading arrangements. d)

4、 Today there are about 50 member countries within the Commonwealth2. Lake Poets The Lake Poets are a group of English poets who all lived in the Lake District of England and were inspired by it to create romantic works

5、 at the turn of the 19th century. The three poets of the Lakes School were William Wordsworth, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, and Robert Southey.3. Black DeathIt was a disease or plague spread by rat fleas in 14th century .It

6、spread through Europe in the middle of 14th century and reached England in the summer of 1348.Many people died and the population of England shrank .It caused labor shortage and other social problems .4. Julius Caesar Ga

7、ius Julius Caesar (100 BC – 44 BC) was a Roman general, historian and statesman. He invaded Britain (55BC), crushed the army of his political enemy Pompey (48BC), pursued other enemies to Egypt, where he installed Cleopa

8、tra as queen (47BC), returned to Rome, and was given a mandate by the people to rule as dictator until he was murdered (44BC). 5. King ArthurA Romano-Briton warrior, between AD 400 and AD 600, King Arthur was a legendary

9、 British leader of the late 5th and early 6th centuries, who, according to medieval histories and romances, led the defence of Romano-Celtic Britain against Saxon invaders in the early 6th century. The details of Arthur&

10、#39;s story are mainly composed of folklore and literary invention, and his historical existence is debated and disputed by modern historians.6. Margaret ThatcherShe was the first woman Prime Minister in British history.

11、 She had her administration for two terms (1979-1990). She gained her reputation as the “iron lady“ for her tight control of Britain’s monetary policy. Mrs. Thatcher really gained prosperity of Britain in 1980s. Under te

12、n years of her ministry, Britain was beginning to come to terms with the loss of much of its heavy industry and the increasing reliance of finance, communications, oil, insurance, tourism, accounting and other service in

13、dustries.7. Elizabeth IElizabeth I (1533 – 1603) was Queen regnant of England and Ireland from 1558 until her death. Sometimes called The Virgin Queen, Gloriana, or Good Queen Bess, Elizabeth was the fifth and last monar

14、ch of the Tudor dynasty.the initiative of President Lyndon B. Johnson. Two main goals of the Great Society social reforms were the elimination of poverty and racial injustice. New major spending programs that addressed e

15、ducation, medical care, urban problems, and transportation were launched during this period. The Great Society in scope and sweep resembled the New Deal domestic agenda of Franklin D. Roosevelt, but differed sharply in t

16、ypes of programs enacted.簡(jiǎn)答題部分：1. What is the United Kingdom geographically and politically composed of?It is a union made up of four constituent countries: England, Scotland .Wales, and Northern Ireland, plus several ov

17、erseas territories.2. How did the English Civil War breakout? What were the consequences of the war?1） Charles began to take violent action .He went to the House of Commons with several soldiers to arrest Pym and ot

18、her leaders; but they had escaped to London. All London was arming to defend parliament against the King. Charles escaped to the North, hoping to find supporters in the more backward districts. Thus the Civil War began.2

19、） Consequences: With the Civil War over and the king a prisoner in Parliament’s hands, the Presbyterians, who stood for the interests of Anglican noblemen and High Churchmen were willing to come to terms with Charles. T

20、hey controlled both the House of Lords and the House of Commons.3. How did the English Industrial Revolution proceed from the mid-18th century to the mid-19th century and beyond? How has it impacted British society?1)The

21、 Industrial Revolution in Britain first started in its age-old wool textile industry .In the mid-1750s,Britain enjoyed all conditions that would favour adoption of new devices and efficient methods of production in the i

22、ndustry. Within half a century, a number of key inventions came into being, greatly accelerating the speed of production .James Watt marking a high point in this development. This, in turn, propelled the cotton industry

23、to boom during roughly the last third of the 18th century .During the same period, there were equally transformative innovations in coal, iron and steel industries.2)Industrialization resulted in the growth of large urba

24、n areas in north and central England, where huge numbers of migrant workers stood out as a single and unitary working class, which contrasted with an emerging middle (commercial) class and the age-old aristocracy class.4

25、. What were the distinct features of the Victorian era that made it different from other times?a)From 1837 to 1901, Queen Victoria had the longest reign in British history, presiding over, first, a kingdom and then an em

26、pire. The cultural, political, economic, industrial and scientific changes that occurred during her reign were so remarkable that the world of 1901 bore little resemblance to that 0f 1837.b)In the political arena, the ag

27、enda was increasingly liberal with a number of shifts in the direction of the widening of the franchise and gradual political reform.c)In social life, movements for justice, freedom and other strong moral values occupied

28、 an increasing portion of public attention.d)The impetus of the Industrial Revolution had already occurred, but it was during the Victorian period that the full effects of industrialization were most felt, leading to the