2023年全國碩士研究生考試考研英語一試題真題（含答案詳解+作文范文）_第1頁
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1、Designation:D6131?97(Reapproved2012)StardTestMethodfEvaluatingtheRelativeTintUndertoneofTitaniumDioxidePigments1ThisstardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationD6131thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyearofi

2、ginaladoptioninthecaseofrevisiontheyearoflastrevision.Anumberinparenthesesindicatestheyearoflastreapproval.Asuperepsilon()indicatesaneditialchangesincethelastrevisionreapproval.1.Scope1.1Thistestmethodisintendedtobeusedt

3、odeterminethetintundertone(blueyellow)oftitaniumdioxidepigments.Thisrelatestotheeffectiveparticlesizeofthepigment.Itisbasedupontintingwithablackironoxidebutotherblacksmaybeusediffoundsuitable.1.2ThevaluesstatedinSIunitsa

4、retoberegardedasstard.Nootherunitsofmeasurementareincludedinthisstard.1.3Thisstarddoesnotpurpttoaddressallofthesafetyconcernsifanyassociatedwithitsuse.Itistheresponsibilityoftheuserofthisstardtoestablishappropriatesafety

5、healthpracticesdeterminetheapplicabilityofregulatylimitationspritouse.2.ReferencedDocuments2.1ASTMStards:2D16TerminologyfPaintRelatedCoatingsMaterialsApplicationsD2745TestMethodfRelativeTintingStrengthofWhitePigmentsbyRe

6、flectanceMeasurementsE313PracticefCalculatingYellownessWhitenessIndicesfromInstrumentallyMeasuredColCodinatesE1331TestMethodfReflectanceFactColbySpectrophotometryUsingHemisphericalGeometryE1347TestMethodfColColDifference

7、MeasurementbyTristimulusColimetryE1349TestMethodfReflectanceFactColbySpectrophotometryUsingBidirectional(45:00:45)Geometry3.Terminology3.1AnyspecialtermsusedinthistestmethodcanbefoundinTerminologyD16.4.SummaryofTestMetho

8、d4.1Titaniumdioxidepigmentsaredispersedinablackpastewithamechanicalmuller.Testreferencepigmentsaretreatedidentically.Theresultantgreypastesareappliedtoglasscoverslipsreadinstrumentally.Thesereadingsarethenusedtocalculate

9、theyellownessindex.5.SignificanceUse5.1Thistestmethodallowstheusertomakeaquickdeterminationofthebluenessyellownessofthetintundertoneoftitaniumdioxidepigmentsversusareferencepigmentagreeduponbythepartiestothetest.Thisisan

10、imptantmeasureoftonesinceitgivesbothameasureofeffectiveparticlesizequickapproximationoftheblueyellowundertonethatcanbeexpectedwhenacoatingcontainingthetitaniumdioxideistinted.5.2Suchmattersasthevehiclefpreparingthedisper

11、sionstheblackftintinghavebeensuggested.Howeverchangesinthecomponentsmaybemadebyagreementbetweenthebuyertheseller.5.3Theresultsobtainedwithamechanicalmullerdonotnecessarilycrelatedirectlywithapracticewheredifferentdispers

12、ionconditionsexist.Howeverdispersionwithamechanicalmullerisaquickinexpensivewayofevaluatingtheundertoneofatitaniumdioxidepigment.6.Apparatus6.1BalancesmeetingtherequirementsofTestMethodD2745.6.2MechanicalMullerequippedwi

13、thgroundglassplatestowhichavariablebutknownfcemaybeaddedin220–Nincrements.Thedrivenglassplateshallhaveaspeedofrotationofbetween70120rmintheapparatusshallhaveanarrangementfpresettingthenumberofrevolutionsinmultiplesof50.6

14、.3RubbingSurfacesmeetingtherequirementsofTestMethodD2745.1ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD01onPaintRelatedCoatingsMaterialsApplicationsisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeD01.26onOpticalProperties.

15、CurrenteditionapprovedJune12012.PublishedJuly2012.iginallyapprovedin1997.Lastpreviouseditionapprovedin2004asD6131–97(2004).DOI:10.1520D613197R12.2FreferencedASTMstardsvisittheASTMwebsitewww.astm.gcontactASTMCustomerServi

16、ceat.FAnnualBookofASTMStardsvolumeinfmationrefertothestard’sDocumentSummarypageontheASTMwebsite.Copyright?ASTMInternational100BarrHarbDrivePOBoxC700WestConshohockenPA194282959.UnitedStates16.4SmallGlassSlabmeetingtherequ

17、irementsofTestMethodD2745.6.5SpatulameetingtherequirementsofTestMethodD2745.6.6GlassCoverSlipsNo.2thickness45by50mm.6.7ColMeasuringInstrumentmeetingtherequirementsofTestMethodsE1331E1347E1349havingameasuringpt25mmsmaller

18、indiameter.7.Materials7.1ReferenceStard—Astardpigmentasagreeduponbetweenthebuyertheseller.7.2VehicleCastOil(GradeAA).7.3TintingPaste—AVehiclePartsbyWeightpastesuchasoneofthefollowing:(1)CastOil50Gypsum47Thickener6IronOxi

19、deBlack3(2)PetroleumJelly97Lampblack38.Procedure8.1DispersepigmentintopasteasdescribedinTestMethodD2745.Luminanceshouldbeapproximately40%.8.2Applythegraypastetothecoverglasswithaspatula.Theareatowhichthepasteisappliedsho

20、uldbeinthecenterofthecoverglassshouldbeapproximately30mmindiametershouldbeatleast2–mmthick.8.3Viewthepastethroughtheglassfromthesideoppositethattowhichthepastewasapplied.Evaluatefevennessofcoatinganypossibleflaws.Anirreg

21、ularcoatingfromthissidematesarepeatofthetest.8.4CentertheuncoatedsideofthecoverglassovertheptofthecolmeasuringinstrumentreadCIEXYZvaluesonthespecimenusingtheapplicablemethodftheinstrument.Makesurethattheptisentirelycover

22、ed.NOTE1—Adaylightilluminant(fexampleCD65D75)mustbeusedfthereadings.NOTE2—Becauseofinherentdifferencesinthereadingsobtainedwithdifferentmethods(thatisTestMethodsE1331E1347E1349)thebuyerthesellershouldagreeonthemethodtobe

23、used.9.Calculation9.1CalculatetheyellownessindexinaccdancewithPracticeE313.10.Rept10.1Reptthefollowinginfmation:10.1.1Thetypeidentificationofthetestpigmentreferencestardpigment10.1.2Thetypeidentificationoftheblackthedisp

24、ersingvehicle10.1.3Themassratioofpigmenttovehicleofblacktotitaniumdioxide10.1.4Themanufacturermodelnumberofthemechanicalmullerusedthecolinstrumentused10.1.5Thetotalfceappliedtothemullerplatesthetotalnumberofrevolutions10

25、.1.6Themeasuringmethodused10.1.7Theinstrumentreadings10.1.8Theyellownessindex.11.PrecisionBias11.1Precision—TheprecisionwillbewrittenfromRoundRobinresults.11.2Bias—Biascannotbedeterminedbecausethereisnostardreferencemate

26、rialfthistestmethod.12.Keywds12.1mechanicalmullertintundertonetitaniumdioxidepigmentASTMInternationaltakesnopositionrespectingthevalidityofanypatentrightsassertedinconnectionwithanyitemmentionedinthisstard.Usersofthissta

27、rdareexpresslyadvisedthatdeterminationofthevalidityofanysuchpatentrightstheriskofinfringementofsuchrightsareentirelytheirownresponsibility.Thisstardissubjecttorevisionatanytimebytheresponsibletechnicalcommitteemustberevi

28、ewedeveryfiveyearsifnotrevisedeitherreapprovedwithdrawn.YourcommentsareinvitedeitherfrevisionofthisstardfadditionalstardsshouldbeaddressedtoASTMInternationalHeadquarters.Yourcommentswillreceivecarefulconsiderationatameet

29、ingoftheresponsibletechnicalcommitteewhichyoumayattend.IfyoufeelthatyourcommentshavenotreceivedafairhearingyoushouldmakeyourviewsknowntotheASTMCommitteeonStardsattheaddressshownbelow.ThisstardiscopyrightedbyASTMInternati

30、onal100BarrHarbDrivePOBoxC700WestConshohockenPA194282959UnitedStates.Individualreprints(singlemultiplecopies)ofthisstardmaybeobtainedbycontactingASTMattheaboveaddressat6108329585(phone)6108329555(fax)(email)throughtheAST

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