2023年全國碩士研究生考試考研英語一試題真題（含答案詳解+作文范文）_第1頁
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1、Designation:D6400?12StardSpecificationfLabelingofPlasticsDesignedtobeAerobicallyCompostedinMunicipalIndustrialFacilities1ThisstardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationD6400thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatest

2、heyearofiginaladoptioninthecaseofrevisiontheyearoflastrevision.Anumberinparenthesesindicatestheyearoflastreapproval.Asuperepsilon()indicatesaneditialchangesincethelastrevisionreapproval.1.Scope1.1Thisspecificationcoversp

3、lasticsproductsmadefromplasticsthataredesignedtobecompostedunderaerobicconditionsinmunicipalindustrialaerobiccompostingfacilitieswherethermophilicconditionsareachieved.1.2Thisspecificationisintendedtoestablishtherequirem

4、entsflabelingofmaterialsproductsincludingpackagingmadefromplasticsas“compostableinaerobicmunicipalindustrialcompostingfacilities.”1.3Thepropertiesinthisspecificationarethoserequiredtodetermineifenditems(includingpackagin

5、g)whichuseplasticspolymersascoatingsbinderswillcompostsatisfactilyinlargescaleaerobicmunicipalindustrialcompostingfacilities.Maximumthroughputisahighpriitytocomposterstheintermediatestagesofplasticdisintegrationbiodegrad

6、ationnotbevisibletotheenduserfaestheticreasons.1.4Thefollowingsafetyhazardscaveatpertainstothetestmethodsptionofthisstard:Thisstarddoesnotpurpttoaddressallofthesafetyconcernsifanyassociatedwithitsuse.Itistheresponsibilit

7、yoftheuserofthisstardtoestablishappropriatehealthsafetypracticestodeterminetheapplicabilityofregulatylimitationspritouse.NOTE1—ThistestmethodisequivalenttoISO17088.2.ReferencedDocuments2.1ASTMStards:2D883TerminologyRelat

8、ingtoPlasticsD5338TestMethodfDeterminingAerobicBiodegradationofPlasticMaterialsUnderControlledCompostingConditionsIncpatingThermophilicTemperatures2.2ganizationfEconomicDevelopment(OECD)Standard:3OECDGuideline208Terrestr

9、ialPlantTest:SeedlingEmergenceSeedlingGrowthTest2.3ComiteEuropeendeNmalisation(CEN):4EN13432:20002000CENTC261SC4N99Packaging—RequirementsfPackagingRecoverablethroughCompostingBiodegradation—TestSchemeEvaluationCriteriaft

10、heFinalAcceptanceofPackaging(EN13432)2.4ISOStard:4ISO14855–1Determinationoftheultimateaerobicbiodegradabilityofplasticmaterialsundercontrolledcompostingconditions—Methodbyanalysisofevolvedcarbondioxide—Part1:Generalmetho

11、dISO14855–2Determinationoftheultimateaerobicbiodegradabilityofplasticmaterialsundercontrolledcompostingconditions—Methodbyanalysisofevolvedcarbondioxide—Part2:Gravimetricmeasurementofcarbondioxideevolvedinalabatyscaletes

12、tISO16929Plastics—DeterminationoftheDegreeofDisintegrationofPlasticMaterialsunderDefinedCompostingConditionsinaPilotScaleTestISO17088SpecificationsfCompostablePlasticsISO20200Determinationofthedegreeofdisintegrationofpla

13、sticmaterialsundersimulatedcompostingconditionsinalabatyscaletest2.5U.S.GovernmentStard:540CFRPart503.13StardsftheUseDisposalofSewageSludge2.6CanadianGovernmentStard:6TradeMemumT493StardsfMetalsinFertilizersSupplements1T

14、hisspecificationisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD20onPlasticsisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeD20.96onEnvironmentallyDegradablePlasticsBiobasedProducts.CurrenteditionapprovedMay152012.PublishedMay2012.iginally

15、approvedin1999.Lastpreviouseditionapprovedin2004asD640004.DOI:10.1520D640012.2FreferencedASTMstardsvisittheASTMwebsitewww.astm.gcontactASTMCustomerServiceat.FAnnualBookofASTMStardsvolumeinfmationrefertothestard’sDocument

16、SummarypageontheASTMwebsite.3AvailablefromganizationfEconomicDevelopmentDirectofInfmation2ruerePal75775ParisCedex16France.4AvailablefromAmericanNationalStardsInstitute(ANSI)25W.43rdSt.4thFloNewYkNY10036:www.ansi.g.5Codeo

17、fFederalRegulationsavailablefromU.S.GovernmentPrintingOfficeWashingtonDC20402.6AvailablefromtheCanadianFoodInspectionsAgencyFertilizerSectionOttawaCanadaASummaryofChangessectionappearsattheendofthisstardCopyright?ASTMInt

18、ernational100BarrHarbDrivePOBoxC700WestConshohockenPA194282959.UnitedStates16.3.2ganicconstituentswhicharepresentatconcentrationsoflessthan1%donotneedtodemonstratebiodegradability.Howeverthesumofsuchunprovenconstituentss

19、hallnotexceed5%.6.3.3Plasticproducttestsamplesshallnotbesubjectedtoconditionsdesignedtoacceleratebiodegradationpritotestingin6.3.NOTE3—Whiletheendpointsofbiodegradationincludeincpationintobiomasshumicsubstancesaswellasca

20、rbondioxidenorecognizedstardtestmethodsspecificationsexisttoquantifytheseoutcomes.Whenthesetestsspecificationsbecomeavailablethisstardwillberevised.6.4Aplasticproductcandemonstratesatisfactyterrestrialsafetyifitfulfillst

21、herequirementsin6.4.16.4.2:6.4.1Theplasticproductshallhaveconcentrationsofregulatedmetalslessthan50%ofthoseprescribedfsludgescompostsinthecountrywheretheproductissold.SpecificallyintheUnitedStatestheregulatedmetalconcent

22、rationsarefoundinTable3of40CFRPart503.13.InCanadatheregulatedmetalsconcentrationsarefoundinTableIIoftheTradeMemumT493.6.4.2Thegerminationratetheplantbiomassofthesamplecompostsshallbenolessthan90%thatofthecrespondingblank

23、compostsftwodifferentplantspeciesfollowingOECDGuideline208withthemodificationsfoundinAnnexEofEN13432.NOTE4—SamplecompostsgeneratedinaccdancewithISO20200shouldnotbeusedfecotoxicitytestingunlesstheconcentrationofthetestite

24、msatthestartoftestingisinaccdancewiththerequirementsofISO16929.7.Sampling7.1Samplingshallbeconductedasindicatedinthespecifiedtestmethod.8.SpecimenPreparation8.1Specimenpreparationshallbeinaccdancewiththespecifiedtestmeth

25、od.9.MarkingLabeling9.1Markinglabelingshallconfmtonationallocalregulations.10.Keywds10.1biodegradablecompostableplasticcompostingdegradableplasticslabelingSUMMARYOFCHANGESCommitteeD20hasidentifiedthelocationofedchangesto

26、thisstardsincethelastissue(D640004)thatmayimpacttheuseofthisstard.(May152012)(1)MostoftheproposedchangesaredesignedtoharmonizethisspecificationwiththewdingusedinthenewerstardSpecificationD6868–11therequirementsinISO17088

27、.Thedistinctionbetweentherequiredlevelofbiodegradationfhomopolyersothertypesofpolymersiseliminated.Alsothelanguageregardingthemaximumnumberofitemsexemptfrombiodegradationtestingisclarified.ASTMInternationaltakesnopositio

28、nrespectingthevalidityofanypatentrightsassertedinconnectionwithanyitemmentionedinthisstard.Usersofthisstardareexpresslyadvisedthatdeterminationofthevalidityofanysuchpatentrightstheriskofinfringementofsuchrightsareentirel

29、ytheirownresponsibility.Thisstardissubjecttorevisionatanytimebytheresponsibletechnicalcommitteemustbereviewedeveryfiveyearsifnotrevisedeitherreapprovedwithdrawn.Yourcommentsareinvitedeitherfrevisionofthisstardfadditional

30、stardsshouldbeaddressedtoASTMInternationalHeadquarters.Yourcommentswillreceivecarefulconsiderationatameetingoftheresponsibletechnicalcommitteewhichyoumayattend.Ifyoufeelthatyourcommentshavenotreceivedafairhearingyoushoul

31、dmakeyourviewsknowntotheASTMCommitteeonStardsattheaddressshownbelow.ThisstardiscopyrightedbyASTMInternational100BarrHarbDrivePOBoxC700WestConshohockenPA194282959UnitedStates.Individualreprints(singlemultiplecopies)ofthis

32、stardmaybeobtainedbycontactingASTMattheaboveaddressat6108329585(phone)6108329555(fax)(email)throughtheASTMwebsite(www.astm.g).PermissionrightstophotocopythestardmayalsobesecuredfromtheASTMwebsite(www.astm.gCOPYRIGHT).D64

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