2023年全國(guó)碩士研究生考試考研英語(yǔ)一試題真題（含答案詳解+作文范文）_第1頁(yè)
已閱讀1頁(yè)，還剩9頁(yè)未讀， 繼續(xù)免費(fèi)閱讀

下載本文檔

版權(quán)說(shuō)明：本文檔由用戶提供并上傳，收益歸屬內(nèi)容提供方，若內(nèi)容存在侵權(quán)，請(qǐng)進(jìn)行舉報(bào)或認(rèn)領(lǐng)

文檔簡(jiǎn)介

1、Designation:D2171D2171M?10StardTestMethodfViscosityofAsphaltsbyVacuumCapillaryViscometer1ThisstardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationD2171D2171Mthenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyearofiginaladoptioninth

2、ecaseofrevisiontheyearoflastrevision.Anumberinparenthesesindicatestheyearoflastreapproval.Asuperepsilon()indicatesaneditialchangesincethelastrevisionreapproval.ThisstardhasbeenapprovedfusebyagenciesoftheU.S.DepartmentofD

3、efense.Thistestmethodhasbeenapprovedbythesponsingcommitteesacceptedbythecooperatingsocietiesinaccdancewithestablishedprocedures.1.Scope1.1Thistestmethodcoversproceduresfthedeterminationofviscosityofasphaltbinder(bitumen)

4、byvacuumcapillaryviscometersat60C[140F].Itisapplicabletomaterialshavingviscositiesintherangefrom0.0036toover20000Pas[0.036toover200000P].NOTE1—Thistestmethodissuitablefuseatothertemperaturesbuttheprecisionisbasedondeterm

5、inationsonasphaltbindersat60C[140F].1.2ThevaluesstatedineitherSIunitsinchpoundunitsaretoberegardedseparatelyasstard.Thevaluesstatedineachsystemmaynotbeexactequivalentstherefeeachsystemshallbeusedindependentlyoftheother.C

6、ombiningvaluesfromthetwosystemsmayresultinnonconfmancewiththestard.1.3Warning—MercuryhasbeendesignatedbytheUnitedStatesEnvironmentalProtectionAgency(EPA)manystateagenciesasahazardousmaterialthatcancausecentralnervoussyst

7、emkidneyliverdamage.Mercuryitsvapmaybehazardoustohealthcrosivetomaterials.Cautionshouldbetakenwhenhlingmercurymercurycontainingproducts.SeetheapplicableproductMaterialSafetyDataSheet(MSDS)fdetailsEPA’swebsite—:www.epa.go

8、vmercuryfaq.htm—fadditionalinfmation.Usersshouldbeawarethatsellingmercurymercurycontainingproductsbothintoyourstatemaybeprohibitedbystatelaw.1.4Thisstarddoesnotpurpttoaddressallofthesafetyconcernsifanyassociatedwithitsus

9、e.Itistheresponsibilityoftheuserofthisstardtoestablishappropriatesafetyhealthpracticesdeterminetheapplicabilityofregulatylimitationspritouse.2.ReferencedDocuments2.1ASTMStards:2E1SpecificationfASTMLiquidinGlassThermomete

10、rsE11SpecificationfWovenWireTestSieveClothTestSievesE77TestMethodfInspectionVerificationofThermometers3.Terminology3.1Definitions:3.1.1Newtonianliquid—aliquidinwhichtherateofshearisproptionaltotheshearingstress.Theconsta

11、ntratiooftheshearingstresstotherateofshearistheviscosityoftheliquid.IftheratioisnotconstanttheliquidisnonNewtonian.3.1.2viscosity—theratiobetweentheappliedshearstressrateofsheariscalledthecoefficientofviscosity.Thiscoeff

12、icientisthusameasureoftheresistancetoflowoftheliquid.Itiscommonlycalledtheviscosityoftheliquid.TheSIunitofviscosityis1Pas(1Nsm2)iscalledaPalsecond.Thecgsunitofviscosityis1gcms(1dynescm2)iscalledapoise(P).1Pasisequivalent

13、to10P.4.SummaryofTestMethod4.1Thetimeismeasuredfafixedvolumeoftheliquidtobedrawnupthroughacapillarytubebymeansofvacuumundercloselycontrolledconditionsofvacuumtemperature.TheviscosityinPalsecondsiscalculatedbymultiplyingt

14、heflowtimeinsecondsbytheviscometercalibrationfact.NOTE2—Therateofsheardecreasesastheliquidmovesupthetubeitcanalsobevariedbytheuseofdifferentvacuumdifferentsizeviscometers.Thusthismethodissuitablefthemeasurementofviscosit

15、iesofNewtonian(simple)nonNewtonian(complex)liquids.1ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD04onRoadPavingMaterialsisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeD04.44onRheologicalTests.IntheIPthistestmethodisundert

16、hejurisdictionoftheStardizationCommittee.CurrenteditionapprovedJune12010.PublishedAugust2010.iginallyapprovedin1963.Lastpreviouseditionapprovedin2007asD2171–07ε1.DOI:10.1520D217110.2FreferencedASTMstardsvisittheASTMwebsi

17、tewww.astm.gcontactASTMCustomerServiceat.FAnnualBookofASTMStardsvolumeinfmationrefertothestard’sDocumentSummarypageontheASTMwebsite.Copyright?ASTMInternational100BarrHarbDrivePOBoxC700WestConshohockenPA194282959.UnitedSt

18、ates16.5.1.1Alternatingcurrentsthefrequenciesofwhichareintermittentlynotcontinuouslycontrolledasprovidedbysomepublicpowersystemscancauselargeerrsparticularlyovershttimingintervalswhenusedtoactuateelectricaltimingdevices.

19、7.SamplePreparations7.1Heatthesamplewithcaretopreventlocaloverheatinguntilithasbecomesufficientlyfluidtopouroccasionallystirringthesampletoaidheattransfertoassureunifmity.7.2Transferaminimumof20mLintoasuitablecontainerhe

20、atto13565.5C[275610F]stirringoccasionallytopreventlocaloverheatingtakingcaretoavoidtheentrapmentofair.NOTE4—Ifitissuspectedthatthesamplemaycontainsolidmaterialstrainthemeltedsampleintothecontainerthrougha300m[No.50]sieve

21、confmingtoSpecificationE11.NOTE5—Inthecaseofveryviscousmodifiedasphaltsitmaybenecessarytoheatinanovenat16365C[325610F]inderfthematerialtobecomesufficientlyfluidtostirpour.8.Procedure8.1Thespecificdetailsofoperationvaryso

22、mewhatfthevarioustypesofviscometers.SeethedetaileddeionsofviscometersinAppendixX1–AppendixX3finstructionsfusingthetypeofviscometered.Inallcaseshoweverfollowthegeneralproceduredescribedin8.1.1–8.1.9.8.1.1Maintainthebathat

23、thetesttemperaturewithin60.03C[0.05F].Applythenecessarycrectionsifanytoallthermometerreadings.8.1.2acleandryviscometerthatwillgiveaflowtimegreaterthan60spreheatto13565.5C[275610F].8.1.3getheviscometerbypouringtheprepared

24、sampletowithin62mmoffilllineE(Fig.2Fig.3Fig.4).8.1.4Placethegedviscometerinanovenbathmaintainedat13565.5C[275610F]faperiodof1062mintoallowlargeairbubblestoescape.8.1.5Removetheviscometerfromtheovenbathwithin5mintheviscom

25、eterinaholderpositiontheviscometerverticallyinthebathsothattheuppermosttimingmarkisatleast20mmbelowthesurfaceofthebathliquid.8.1.6Establisha40.060.07kPa[30060.5mmHg]vacuumbelowatmosphericpressureinthevacuumsystemconnectt

26、hevacuumsystemtotheviscometerwiththetogglevalvestopcockclosedinthelineleadingtotheviscometer.8.1.7Aftertheviscometerhasbeeninthebathf3065minstarttheflowofasphaltintheviscometerbyopeningthetogglevalvestopcockinthelinelead

27、ingtothevacuumsystem.8.1.8Measuretowithin0.1sthetimerequiredftheleadingedgeofthemeniscustopassbetweensuccessivepairsoftimingmarks.Reptthefirstflowtimewhichexceeds60sbetweenapairoftimingmarksnotingtheidentificationofthepa

28、iroftimingmarks.8.1.9Uponcompletionofthetestcleantheviscometerthoughlybyseveralrinsingswithanappropriatesolventcompletelymisciblewiththesamplefollowedbyacompletelyvolatilesolvent.Drythetubebypassingaslowstreamoffilteredd

29、ryairthroughthecapillaryf2minuntilthelasttraceofsolventisremoved.Alternativelytheviscometermaybecleanedinaglasscleaningovenatatemperaturenottoexceed500C[932F]followedbyrinseswithdistilleddeionizedwaterresiduefreeacetonef

30、iltereddryair.Periodicallyifdepositsareobservedcleantheinstrumentwithastrongacidcleaningsolutiontoremoveganicdepositsrinsethoughlywithdistilleddeionizedwaterresiduefreeacetonedrywithfiltereddryair.8.1.9.1Chromicacidclean

31、ingsolutionmaybepreparedbyaddingwiththeusualprecautions800mLofconcentratedsulphuricacidtoasolutionof92gofsodiumdichromatein458mLofwater.Theuseofsimilarcommerciallyavailablesulphuricacidcleaningsolutionsisacceptable.Nonch

32、romiumcontainingstronglyoxidizingacidcleaningsolutionsmaybesubstitutedsoastoavoidthedisposalproblemsofchromiumcontainingsolutions.8.1.9.2Useofalkalineglasscleaningsolutionsmayresultinachangeofviscometercalibrationisnotre

33、commended.9.Calculation9.1thecalibrationfactthatcrespondstothepairoftimingmarksusedfthedeterminationasprescribedin8.1.8.Calculaterepttheviscositytothreesignificantfiguresusingthefollowingequation:ViscosityPas5~Kt!(1)wher

溫馨提示

  • 1. 本站所有資源如無(wú)特殊說(shuō)明，都需要本地電腦安裝OFFICE2007和PDF閱讀器。圖紙軟件為CAD,CAXA,PROE,UG,SolidWorks等.壓縮文件請(qǐng)下載最新的WinRAR軟件解壓。
  • 2. 本站的文檔不包含任何第三方提供的附件圖紙等，如果需要附件，請(qǐng)聯(lián)系上傳者。文件的所有權(quán)益歸上傳用戶所有。
  • 3. 本站RAR壓縮包中若帶圖紙，網(wǎng)頁(yè)內(nèi)容里面會(huì)有圖紙預(yù)覽，若沒(méi)有圖紙預(yù)覽就沒(méi)有圖紙。
  • 4. 未經(jīng)權(quán)益所有人同意不得將文件中的內(nèi)容挪作商業(yè)或盈利用途。
  • 5. 眾賞文庫(kù)僅提供信息存儲(chǔ)空間，僅對(duì)用戶上傳內(nèi)容的表現(xiàn)方式做保護(hù)處理，對(duì)用戶上傳分享的文檔內(nèi)容本身不做任何修改或編輯，并不能對(duì)任何下載內(nèi)容負(fù)責(zé)。
  • 6. 下載文件中如有侵權(quán)或不適當(dāng)內(nèi)容，請(qǐng)與我們聯(lián)系，我們立即糾正。
  • 7. 本站不保證下載資源的準(zhǔn)確性、安全性和完整性, 同時(shí)也不承擔(dān)用戶因使用這些下載資源對(duì)自己和他人造成任何形式的傷害或損失。

評(píng)論

0/150

提交評(píng)論