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1、OUTLINESOFTHEHISTYOFETHICSFENGLISHREADERSBYHENRYSIDGWICKSOMETIMEKNIGHTBRIDGEPROFESSOFMALPHILOSOPHYINTHEUNIVERSITYOFCAMBRIDGEAUTHOF“THEMETHODSOFETHICS“WITHANADDITIONALCHAPTERBYALBANG.WIDGERYPROFESSOFPHILOSOPHYDUKEUNIVERSI
2、TYFMERLYSTANTONLECTURERINTHEUNIVERSITYOFCAMBRIDGEBEACONPRESSBOSTONiFirstedition1886Sixthedition(enlarged)1931FirstpublishedbyMacmillanCompanyLtd.FirstBeaconPaperbackeditionpublishedin1960byarrangementwithSt.MartinsPressI
3、nc.PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmericaiiNOTETOTHEENLARGEDEDITIONSINCEitspublicationin1886thisbookhasremainedthebestbriefhisticalsurveyofEthicsinEnglish.Ithasseemedhoweverthatashtaccountoftheethicalthoughtofthelastfiftyyear
4、smightcontributetoitscontinuedusefulness.Sidgwicksownwkhasbeenleftuntouched.IntheadditionalchapterIhavekeptascloselyaspossibletothefmsofexpressionusedbythewritersdiscussed.Thetreatmenthasbeennecessarilybriefindertokeepit
5、indueproptionwiththeearlierexposition.ThoughheisnotresponsiblefanyoftheviewsexpressedProfessW.R.SleySidgwickssuccessasKnightbridgeProfessofMalPhilosophyatCambridgereadoverthefirstdraftofinevitablybelostifItriedtoincludea
6、treatmentofFrenchGermanmalistsonascalecrespondingtomytreatmentofEnglishmalists:whileatthesametimeaconsiderableption1ofwhatIthusomittedappearedtometohaveadistinctlysubdinateinterestfEnglishreadersascomparedwithwhatIinclud
7、ed.IoughtfurthertoexplainthatfsomewhatsimilarreasonsIhavetakenpainstokeep“Ethics“asseparateasIconvenientlycouldfromTheologyMetaphysicsalsofromPolitics:thisseparationhoweverisnaturallylesscompleteinsomepartsofthesubjectth
8、aninotherse.g.indealingwiththemedievalperiodtherelationsofEthicstoTheologyarenecessarilymeprominentthaninthemodernperiod.FinallyImayperhapssaythatIhaveaimedthroughoutatthegreatestpossibleimpartiality“objectivity“oftreatm
9、entinderbettertoattainthisresultIhavenotattemptedtodealwithcontemparymodesofethicalthoughtwithwhichIhavebeenengagedcontroversiallyexceptinaverybriefsummaryway.Inthegreaterpartofthebooki.e.inbyfarthelargerpartofChapterII.
10、inalmostallChapterIV.____________________1Idrawattentiontothewds“aconsiderableption“becausetheywereoverlookedbyareviewerwhoedthissentencefseverecriticism.TheomissionofthemsubstitutesanopinionwhichIshouldregardasindefensi
11、blefonewhichIstillthinkalmostincontrovertible.viinsomeofChapterIII.myexpositionisprimarilybasedonmyownstudyoftheiginalauths.WherethisisnotthecaseIhavetriedtoguardmyselffromerrbycomparingdifferenthistiansofphilosophyrefer
12、ringtotheiginalauthswheneverthiscomparisonleftmedoubtful.throughoutIhaveendeavouredtocrectsupplementtheresultsofmyownstudybycomparingthemwiththeviewsexpressedinotherhisticalwks.IamespeciallyindebtedasregardsChapterII.toZ
13、ellerGeschichtederGriechischenPhilosophiebutinrevisingthechapterIhavealsoderivedusefulsuggestionsfromZieglerGeschiclitederEthikfromanexcellentlittlebookonEpicureanismbyMr.Wallace.TheaccountofChristianmalityinChapterIII.w
14、asnaturallyderivedfromsourcestoonumeroustomentionbutfonetwostatementsinitIamcertainlyindebtedtoLeckyHistyofEuropeanMals.TheaccountofmediaevalethicsinthesameChapterwasmainlycomposedintheiginalarticlebytheaidofNeerWuttkebu
15、tinrevisingitIhavehadthevaluableaidofGassChristlicheEthik.1InthemodernperiodIhavederivedsuggestionsfromjdlGeschichtederEthikfromthePrinciplesofMalsbyWilsonFowlerfromalittlebook____________________1Ioughtalsotohavemention
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