2023年全國碩士研究生考試考研英語一試題真題（含答案詳解+作文范文）_第1頁
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1、270Chapter2nationalincomeaccountingTechnicalProblems1.ThetextcalculatesthechangeinrealGDPin1996pricesinthefollowingway:[RGDP04RGDP96]RGDP96=[3.501.50]1.50=1.33=133%.TocalculatethechangeinrealGDPin2004priceswefirsthavetoc

2、alculatetheGDPof1996in2004prices.Thuswetakethequantitiesconsumedin1996multiplythembythepricesof2004asfollows:Beer1at$2.00=$2.00Skittles1at$0.75=$0.75_______________________________Total$2.75ThechangeinrealGDPcannowbecalc

3、ulatedas[6.252.75]2.75=1.27=127%.WecanseethatthegrowthrateofrealGDPcalculatedthiswayisroughlythesameasthegrowthratecalculatedabove.2.a.Therelationshipbetweenprivatedomesticsavingprivatedomesticinvestmentthebudgetdeficite

4、xptsisshownbythefollowingidentity:SI?(GTRTA)NX.Therefeifweassumethattransferpayments(TR)remainconstantanincreaseintaxes(TA)hastobeoffseteitherbyanincreaseingovernmentpurchases(G)anincreaseinexpts(NX)adecreaseinthediffere

5、ncebetweenprivatedomesticsaving(S)privatedomesticinvestment(I).2.b.FromtheequationYD?CSitfollowsthatanincreaseindisposableincome(YD)willbereflectedinanincreaseinconsumption(C)saving(S)both.2.c.FromtheequationYD?CSitfollo

6、wsthatwheneitherconsumption(C)saving(S)increasesdisposableincome(YD)mustincreaseaswell.3.a.SincedepreciationisdefinedasD=IgIn=800200=600==NDP=GDPD=6000600=5400.3.b.FromGDP=CIgGNX==NX=GDPC–IgG==NX=600040008001100=100.3.c.

7、BS=TAGTR==(TATR)=BSG==(TATR)=301100=11303.d.YD=Y(TATR)=60001130=48703.e.S=YDC=48704000=8704.a.S=YDC=51003800=13004.b.FromSI=(GTRTA)NX==I=S(GTRTA)NX=1300200(100)=1200.2721?istheshareoflab(N)?istheshareofcapital(K).Therefe

8、ifweassumethattherateoftechnologicalprogressiszero(?AA=0)outputgrowsatanannualrateof3.6percentsince?YY=(0.6)(2%)(0.4)(6%)0%=1.2%2.4%=3.6%1.b.Thesocalled“Ruleof70“suggeststhatthelengthoftimeittakesfoutputtodoublecanbecalc

9、ulatedbydividing70bythegrowthrateofoutput.Since703.6=19.44itwilltakejustunder20yearsfoutputtodoubleatanannualgrowthrateof3.6%1.c.Nowthat?AA=2%wecancalculateeconomicgrowthas?YY=(0.6)(2%)(0.4)(6%)2%=1.2%2.4%2%=5.6%.Thusitw

10、illtake705.6=12.5yearsfoutputtodoubleatthisnewgrowthrateof5.6%.2.a.AccdingtoEquation(2)thegrowthofoutputisequaltothegrowthinlabtimesthelabshareplusthegrowthofcapitaltimesthecapitalshareplusthegrowthrateoftotalfactproduct

11、ivitythatis?YY=(1?)(?NN)?(?KK)?AAwhere1?istheshareoflab(N)?istheshareofcapital(K).Inthisexample?=0.3therefeifoutputgrowsat3%labcapitalgrowat1%eachwecancalculatethechangeintotalfactproductivityinthefollowingway3%=(0.7)(1%

12、)(0.3)(1%)?AA==?AA=3%1%=2%thatisthegrowthrateoftotalfactproductivityis2%.2.b.Ifbothlabthecapitalstockarefixedthatis?NN=?KK=0outputgrowsat3%thenallthegrowthhastobecontributedtothegrowthintotalfactproductivitythatis?AA=3%.

13、3.a.Ifthecapitalstockgrowsby?KK=10%theeffectonoutputwillbeanadditionalgrowthrateof?YY=(0.3)(10%)=3%.3.b.Iflabgrowsby?NN=10%theeffectonoutputwillbeanadditionalgrowthrateof?YY=(0.7)(10%)=7%.3.c.Ifoutputgrowsat?YY=7%duetoan

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