unit 10 teaching speaking

1、1Unit10TeachingSpeakingAimsofthisunit:1.Toknowthedifferencesbetweenspokenwrittenlanguage2.Theacteristicsofspokenlanguage3.Theprinciplesfteachingspeaking.4.Tointroducesometypicaltypesofspeakingactivities5.Howtodesignganiz

2、espeakingactivities.I.Theacteristicsofspokenlanguage1.ThepurposeoflearningspeakingItisanimptantpartofeverydayinteractionmostoftenthefirstimpressionofapersonisbasedonhisherabilitytospeakfluentlycomprehensibly.Learningspea

3、kingcanacceleratethelearningoflisteningreadingwritinginEnglish.Thepurposeofleaningspeakingare:l)Totrainstudents’alability2)Tofosterstudents’talentinEnglishlanguageculture3)Tofosterstudents’abilityofthinkinginEnglish2.Two

4、mainfactsaffecttheimprovementofspeakingability1)Surroundings2)Psychology3.Theacteristicsofspokenlanguage.1)SpeakingisaskillthatcanbeimitatedpracticedSpeakingisaskilljustlikeswimmingdrivingacarplayingpingpong.Bygate(1987:

5、4)pointsoutone“fundamentaldifferenceisthatknowledgeskillcanbothbeunderstoodmemizedbutonlyaskillcanbeimitatedpracticed”.2)Speechisspontaneous.Speechisspontaneous.Thatisinmostsituationspeopledonotplanaheadoftimewhattheyare

6、goingtosay.Bygate(1987:8)pointsoutthatteachersmayberequiringtheirstudentstodomefwardthinkingplanningthannativespeakersdoinreallife!3IIPrinciplesfteachingspeaking1.BalancingaccuracybasedwithfluencybasedpracticesOnonehwene

7、edtoallowtimefgrammarvocabularylearningsothatstudentshavesufficientlinguisticcompetence.Onetheotherhweneedtoprovidesufficientopptunitiesfstudentstodevelopfluency.2.ContextualisingpracticeTeachersneedtoidentifyasituationi

8、nwhichatargetstructureiscommonlyused.3.PersonalisingpracticeWeneedtohelpstudentslearnbetterbypersonalizingthecontentcontextsothatstudentscantalkwriteabouttheirownlifeexperiencestheirpersonalopinions.4.Buildingupconfidenc

9、eItisveryimptantftheteachertocreatearelaxedsupptiveenvironmenthelpthembuilduptheirconfidence.Don’tbeafraidofmakingmistakes.5.MaximisingmeaningfulinteractionsAsoneofthemainobjectivesofteachingspeakingistodevelopstudents’a

10、bilitytoinitiateatopictoaskquestionstotaketurnsinspeakingtochangetopicstohavesomecontroloverthecommunicationitisbestpracticedwithinsmallgroupsinpairs.Whenwedesignspeakingpracticesweneedtoensurethattheinteractionismeaning

11、fulparticipationismaximum.6.HelpingstudentsdevelopspeakingstrategiesSpeakinginvolvesstrategiessuchasinitiatingaconversationturntakingaskingfclarificationaskingfrepetitiongettingothers’attentiongettinghelpfromothersending