第一部分必修4unit2

1、第一部分　基礎(chǔ)考點(diǎn)聚焦 必修4,1．_________ vi.& n．　　　斗爭(zhēng)；拼搏；努力2．_______ n. 產(chǎn)量；輸出3．_______ n. 戰(zhàn)役；戰(zhàn)斗；較量；斗爭(zhēng) vt.& vi. 搏斗；奮斗4．___________ adv. 因此；所以；因而5．_________ n．(bacterium的復(fù)數(shù)形式)細(xì)菌6．_________ n. 評(píng)論；議論 vi.& vt

2、. 表達(dá)意見；作出評(píng)論,struggle,output,therefore,bacteria,comment,battle,7．_________ n. 十年；十年期8．_________ vt.& vi. 使變大；伸展9．_________vt.& vi. 循環(huán)；流傳10．_________ n. 自由；自主11．_________ vt.& vi. 配備；裝備equipme

3、nt n. 設(shè)備(不可數(shù))12．_________ vt.& vi. 輸出；出口import vt.& vi. 輸入；入口；進(jìn)口13．_____________ n. 國(guó)籍nation n. 國(guó)家；民族national adj. 國(guó)家的；國(guó)有的,decade,expand,circulate,freedom,equip,export,nationality,14．____________

4、_ n. 工作；職業(yè)；占領(lǐng)occupy vt. 占領(lǐng)15．_________ vt. 使迷惑；使為難confusing adj. 令人迷惑的confused adj. 感到迷惑的confusion n. 迷惑16．_______ vt. 遺憾；惋惜 n. 遺憾；懊悔regretful adj. 后悔的,occupation,confuse,regret,17．_________ adj

5、. 化學(xué)的；關(guān)于化學(xué)的chemistry n. 化學(xué)chemist n. 化學(xué)家；藥劑師18．_________ vt. 減少；減縮reduction n. 縮??；減少19．___________ n. 總結(jié)；摘要；概要summarize vt. 總結(jié)20．___________n. 發(fā)現(xiàn)；發(fā)覺discover vt. 發(fā)現(xiàn)；發(fā)覺；觀察，觀測(cè),chemical,reduce,summa

6、ry,discovery,1．___________　　　幸虧；由于；因?yàn)?．___________使……擺脫或除去3．_______________ 對(duì)……感到滿意4．_____________ 寧愿；寧可5．___________逐漸增強(qiáng)；建立；開發(fā)6．_________導(dǎo)致；造成(后果)7．_________集中(注意力、精力等)于8．___________盛產(chǎn)9．________________

7、_使……免受(影響、傷害等)；使……不含(有害物)10．_______________選擇……(而不是……),thanks to,rid...of,be satisfied with,would rather,build up,lead to,focus on,be rich in,keep...free from/of,prefer...to...,1．Dr Yuan Longping grows what is called

8、super hybrid rice.袁隆平博士種植的是被稱為“超級(jí)雜交水稻”的稻種。[解讀]　what is called...“所謂的……”,what引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句。[仿寫]　眾所周知，我們生活在所謂的信息時(shí)代。As is known to us，we now live in ____________________________.,what is called Information Age,2．Recently，howev

9、er，scientists have been finding that longterm use of these fertilizers can cause damage to the land and，even more dangerous，to people’s health.然而，最近科學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)長(zhǎng)期使用這些肥料會(huì)造成土地受損，甚至更危險(xiǎn)的是，會(huì)對(duì)人們的健康造成危害。[解讀]　have/has been doing現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)

10、行時(shí)。[仿寫]　——你們找到昨天在山中失蹤的夫婦了嗎？—Did you find the missing couple in the mountain yesterday?——沒有,但是自從那以后,我們一直在盡力和他們?nèi)〉寐?lián)系.—No，but we ___________________ to get in touch with them ever since.,have been trying,3．If so，what did

11、 you do to grow them?如果是這樣的話，你怎樣來種植這些植物？[解讀]　if so意為“如果是這樣的話”，是if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句的省略形式。[仿寫]　這個(gè)周日你有空嗎？如果有，我們?nèi)ヒ盃I(yíng)吧。Will you be free this Sunday？_______，let’s go camping.,If so,v．­ing形式作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)1．(2014·荊州市高中畢業(yè)班質(zhì)量檢查)It h

12、as been proved that _______________________________________ helps to protect you against serious illnesses in later life.(eat)已經(jīng)得到證實(shí)童年時(shí)吃蔬菜有助于你在以后生活中抵御重病。2．(2014·荊州市高中畢業(yè)班質(zhì)量檢查)If you don’t insist on ________________

13、______, you’ll never have it. (go) 如果不堅(jiān)持去追逐你的夢(mèng)想，你將永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)實(shí)現(xiàn)夢(mèng)想。,eating vegetables in/during (your) childhood,going after your dream,3．(2014·武漢市部分學(xué)校新高三起點(diǎn)調(diào)研)Frequently ___________________ from one position to another may

14、 be seen as a sign of nervousness. (change)頻繁地改變你身體的位置，是緊張的表現(xiàn)。4．____________________________________________ in the countryside made Mr.Wilson very hardworking when he was very young.(bring)Mr.Wilson在鄉(xiāng)下被撫養(yǎng)長(zhǎng)大，這使他在很小的時(shí)候就

15、很勤勞。5．Lingling improves her English _________________ English weekly.(read)玲玲通過閱讀《英語(yǔ)周報(bào)》來提高英語(yǔ)水平。,changing your body,Being brought up/That Mr.Wilson was brought up,by reading,1.struggle　vi. & n. 斗爭(zhēng)；拼搏；努力；掙扎(朗文)She’s

16、 struggling to bring up a family on a very low income.她靠著非常微薄的收入艱難地供養(yǎng)一家人。,①They asked for civil rights，for which they had struggled for hundreds of years.他們要求民權(quán)，并為此奮斗了幾百年。②Some farmers have to leave their hometown and

17、 go to work in cities，_____________________ their income.一些農(nóng)民不得不離開家鄉(xiāng)到城市里打工，努力地增加他們的收入。③Despite his terrible injuries，he wouldn’t give up the struggle for life.他盡管身負(fù)重傷，但仍然不會(huì)放棄求生的努力。④We have to _______________ all kinds

18、 of difficulties from home and abroad.我們必須和來自國(guó)內(nèi)外的各種各樣的困難作斗爭(zhēng)。,struggle with,struggling to increase,2.equip　vt.&vi. 裝備；配備(四級(jí)英語(yǔ))Our classroom is equipped with a TV set and a tape recorder.我們的教室里配有一臺(tái)電視機(jī)和一臺(tái)錄音機(jī)。,(1)equi

19、p...with...　　　　　用……裝備……be equipped with 裝備著……equip...for sth./to do sth. 為了……而裝備be well/poorly equipped 設(shè)備精良的/較差的(2)equipment n. 裝備；設(shè)備(不可數(shù)名詞)a piece of equipment 一件設(shè)備,①_________________ new scientific far

20、ming methods，they have been able to use less farmland than in the past.因?yàn)檎莆樟丝茖W(xué)的農(nóng)耕新方法，現(xiàn)在，他們可以使用更少的農(nóng)田進(jìn)行耕種。②We want our son to have a good education that will equip him for later life.我們想讓兒子接受良好的教育以便能為其今后的生活打下基礎(chǔ)。③His wor

21、k experience equipped him _____________ all kinds of people.他的工作經(jīng)驗(yàn)使他能與各種各樣的人打交道。,Equipped with,to deal with,3.confuse　vt. 使迷惑；使為難；使混亂；混淆(2012·高考北京卷·閱讀理解B)Confused,I glanced toward my stone-faced teacher.我看了一

22、眼板著臉的老師，內(nèi)心充滿了困惑。,(1)confuse...with/and...混淆；把……和……混同；辨別不清be confused by 被……弄混，糊涂(2)be confused about 對(duì)……糊涂，不解(3)confused adj. 困惑的，煩惱的(表示人的內(nèi)心感受)confusing adj. 令人費(fèi)解的；使人困惑的(表示事物的狀態(tài))confusion n. 困惑,①The situati

23、on remains confused as both sides claim success.由于雙方均宣稱獲勝，形勢(shì)依然不明朗。②I __________________________ because they were so alike.我把她和她妹妹弄混了，因?yàn)樗齻冮L(zhǎng)得太像了。③I was getting confused by such a confusing problem.我被這么困惑的問題搞得不知所措。,conf

24、used her with her sister,4.regret　vt. 惋惜；后悔；遺憾 　n. 遺憾；抱歉；懊悔(教材P13)His father says that he has never regretted sending his son to study abroad.他的父親說他從不后悔送他兒子到國(guó)外學(xué)習(xí)。,①I regret having left the work unfinished; I should hav

25、e planned everything ahead carefully.我很遺憾未能完成工作，我本來應(yīng)該事先認(rèn)真地把每件事情規(guī)劃得很好。②(牛津)We _________________ you that your application has not been successful.我們很遺憾地通知您，您的申請(qǐng)未通過。③We think，_________________，that we will not be able t

26、o visit you next year.讓我們深感遺憾的是，我們明年不能去拜訪你了。,regret to inform,much to our regret,5.focus vt. 集中注意力；聚焦　n焦點(diǎn)，關(guān)注點(diǎn)，中心點(diǎn)(教材P14)They focus on keeping their soil rich and free of disease.　他們主要是想保持土壤肥沃且免受病害。,①If you are going

27、to follow someone，focus on their talent，not their bad character or unacceptable behaviors.如果你想模仿某人，要看他們的才華，而不是他們不好的性格或無法接受的行為習(xí)慣。②As far as I know，all her energies _____________________________.據(jù)我所知，她全部精力都傾注到了孩子們的身上。③

28、She is such a person that she wants to be the focus of attention.她是一個(gè)想成為關(guān)注焦點(diǎn)的人。,are focused on her children,6.reduce　v. 減少，減縮(2013·高考遼寧卷·閱讀理解B)We have greatly reduced our buying we don’t need.我們已大大減少購(gòu)買我們不需要的東

29、西。,(1)reduce...to...　　把……減少到……reduce...by... 把……減少了……(2)be reduced to 淪落為……；陷入某種狀態(tài)①The number of students in our school ___________________ 2,000.我們學(xué)校學(xué)生的數(shù)目減少到了2 000。②She does exercise every day，and she _________

30、__ her weight _____ 10%.她堅(jiān)持天天鍛煉，已經(jīng)把體重降低了10%。③Believe it or not，the rich man should be reduced to a beggar.信不信由你，那位富人竟然淪落為乞丐。,has been reduced to,by,has reduced,Ⅰ.完成句子1．(2014·襄陽(yáng)五中高三月考)His eyes____________________

31、_____________，he was totally lost in his thought，unaware of something happening. (focus)他盯著那張照片，完全陷入思索中，沒注意到發(fā)生了什么。2．(2014·黃岡孝感高中期末聯(lián)合考試)With each classroom _______________ a computer, the students have easy access

32、to whatever information they are in want of.(equip)給每個(gè)教室安裝一臺(tái)電腦，學(xué)生們就能輕易地獲得他們需要的信息。,focused on (upon) the photo (picture),equipped with,3．(2014·湖北七市(州)高三年級(jí)聯(lián)合考試)The teacher was making every effort to clarify__________

33、____ the students. (confuse)這個(gè)老師正全力詮釋讓學(xué)生困惑的地方。4．(2014·荊門市高三調(diào)研考試)Building a well­being and harmonious society is________________________________. (struggle)我們一直努力奮斗的就是建設(shè)一個(gè)和諧的小康社會(huì)。5．20 years later, DiMaria s

34、till regretted _______________ the opportunity to participate in the piano performance that evening. (give)20年后，迪瑪利亞仍然為沒有機(jī)會(huì)參加那天晚上的鋼琴表演而感到遺憾。,what confused,what we have been struggling for,not being given,Ⅱ.多項(xiàng)選擇1．Many pe

35、ople are still _______ under the poverty line, lack of food and shelter.Why not use the limited funds to reduce poverty? A．struggling　 B．falling C．starving D．reaching解析：選A。句意：還有很多人仍然在貧困線下掙扎，沒有食物和住所.為什么不用

36、有限的資金來減少貧困呢? struggle “搏斗，努力，掙扎”；fall“掉下，下降”；starve“挨餓”；reach“到達(dá)，完成”。根據(jù)句意可知A項(xiàng)正確。,2．The solution to the heavy traffic problem is apparent.We should _______ the number of vehicles.A．reduce B．remove C．collect D

37、．warn解析：選A。句意：交通擁擠問題的解決方法很明顯，我們應(yīng)該減少車輛的數(shù)目。reduce “縮減；減少；降低”； remove “拿開；移走；除去”； collect “收集”； warn “警告”。根據(jù)句意可知A項(xiàng)正確。,3．(2013·四級(jí)英語(yǔ))All her energies are _______ upon her children and she seems to have little time for

38、anything else.A．guided B．a(chǎn)imed C．directed D．focused解析：選D。句意：她所有的精力都集中在了孩子身上，似乎沒有一點(diǎn)時(shí)間做其他事情。guide“引導(dǎo)；帶領(lǐng)；操縱”；aim“目的在于；引導(dǎo)；把……對(duì)準(zhǔn)”；direct“管理；指揮;導(dǎo)演”；focus“集中；聚焦”。根據(jù)句意可知D項(xiàng)正確。,4．People are often _______ abo

39、ut what to do in the event of such an emergency because they do not know who to call for help.A．a(chǎn)mazed B．neglected C．confused D．disappointed解析：選C。句意：人們常常感到困惑的是在如此一個(gè)緊急事件的發(fā)生下應(yīng)做什么，因?yàn)樗麄儾恢勒艺l來幫忙。amazed“

40、驚奇的，吃驚的”；neglected“被忽視的；未被好好照管的”；confused “糊涂的，混亂的”；disappointed“失望的”。根據(jù)句意可知C項(xiàng)正確。,5．The company had _______ their workers adequately for such dangerous condition.A．a(chǎn)ssembled B．installed C．equipped D．repaire

41、d解析：選C。句意：公司讓工人們充分裝備起來， 以應(yīng)付這樣的危險(xiǎn)情況。assemble“裝配；收集”； install“安裝”; equip“裝備，武裝”；repaire“修理”。根據(jù)句意可知C項(xiàng)正確。,1.thanks to　幸虧；由于；因?yàn)?教材P10)Thanks to his research，the UN has more tools in the battle to rid the world of hunger.　多

42、虧了他的研究，聯(lián)合國(guó)在消除世界饑餓的戰(zhàn)斗中又多了些方法。,①(2012·高考廣東卷·讀寫任務(wù))Thanks to your encouragement, I made continuous progress in math，and finally made up my mind to study it in the university.多虧你的鼓勵(lì)，我在數(shù)學(xué)上不斷進(jìn)步，最后我下決心上大學(xué)就學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)專業(yè)。②It i

43、s reported that the terrible accident _______________ his careless driving.據(jù)報(bào)道，這個(gè)可怕的事故是由他粗心駕駛造成的。③As a result of the bad weather，the football match was put off.由于天氣不好，足球賽被推遲了。,was due to,2.build up　逐漸增強(qiáng)；建立；開發(fā)(朗文)The m

44、useum has built up a fine art collection.這家博物館已經(jīng)積累了一批很好的藝術(shù)藏品。,[一詞多義]　寫出下列句中build up的含義(1)Greenhouse gases continue to build up in the atmosphere，causing the global temperature to go up. _______(2)Stevens played a key

45、role in building up the company. ___________(3)Taking exercise helps us build up our body and keep a clear mind. ___________(4)Hard working conditions can build up your character. _______,聚集,逐步建立,增進(jìn)；鍛煉,磨煉,3.lead to　導(dǎo)致；

46、造成(后果)；通向……(2012·高考福建卷·短文填詞)A lack of confidence can lead to a lot of suffering.　缺乏自信心會(huì)導(dǎo)致許多痛苦。,lead sb.to do sth.　　　使某人做某事lead/live a．..life 過……樣的生活lead...into... 把……領(lǐng)進(jìn)……lead the way 引路；帶路,①The dis

47、covery of new evidence led to the thief’s being caught.新證據(jù)的發(fā)現(xiàn)使得小偷被抓住。②This has __________________ think out other solutions to the problem.這就使得科學(xué)家不得不想其他解決這個(gè)問題的方法。③He decided to lead/live a new life after the unusual e

48、xperience.這次不平常的經(jīng)歷過后，他決定過一種新的生活。,led scientists to,Ⅰ.完成句子1．The only road ___________________ and was smooth to walk on was destroyed in the terrible earthquake.(lead)唯一一條通往公園且路面很光滑的那條路在可怕的地震中被毀了。2．If _______________

49、，they will come！(build)如果您建設(shè)，他們將來到！,that led to the park,you build it,3．__________ these new treatments，people with high blood pressure can live a long and active life.(thanks)多虧了這些新治療措施，患高血壓的病人能生活的積極健康長(zhǎng)壽。4．Even if ___

50、________________ punishment, how can he face his children in the future? (free)就算他最后能免除刑罰，將來又如何面對(duì)自己的孩子呢？5．(2014·襄陽(yáng)四中、荊州中學(xué)、龍泉中學(xué)高三聯(lián)考) Because of Typhoon Fitow this October, some citizens in this coastal city would

51、 rather they __________ the inland area some day. (move)因?yàn)榻衲晔碌呐_(tái)風(fēng)“菲特”，這個(gè)沿海城市的一些市民寧愿有一天搬到內(nèi)陸地區(qū)。,Thanks to,he could be free from,moved to,Ⅱ.多項(xiàng)選擇1．(2014·黃岡市黃岡中學(xué)模擬)With people’s panic about H7N9 which is spreading in

52、 some areas _______ , the government is taking measures to slow down the spread by wiping out all the chickens and birds on the market.A．turning up B．building up C．keeping up D．putting up,解析：選B。句意：隨著一些地

53、區(qū)人們對(duì)于擴(kuò)散中的H7N9的恐懼逐漸增加，政府正在采取措施，通過清除市場(chǎng)上的家禽鳥類來減少病毒的擴(kuò)散。turn up “開大，出現(xiàn)，(尤指失去后偶然)被發(fā)現(xiàn)”； build up “逐步建立，增進(jìn)”； keep up “(天氣)持續(xù)不變，保持”；put up “張貼，建造”。根據(jù)句意可知B項(xiàng)正確。,2．Generous public funding of basic science would _______ considerable

54、 benefits for the country’s health, wealth and security.A．lead to B．turn to C．see to D．refer to解析：選A。句意：公眾對(duì)基礎(chǔ)科學(xué)的慷慨捐助會(huì)給國(guó)家的健全、財(cái)富和安全產(chǎn)生巨大的好處。lead to“引起，導(dǎo)致”； turn to “求助于”； see to “注意；負(fù)責(zé)；照料”； refer to “參考；涉

55、及；指的是”。根據(jù)句意可知A項(xiàng)正確。,3．Mary was in bed with a fever.The doctor said it was impossible for her to _______ her cold in a couple of days.A．get rid of B．get away with C．get off D．get out解析：選A。句意：瑪麗發(fā)燒在床，醫(yī)生說

56、一兩天內(nèi)退燒是不可能的。get rid of “擺脫，去除”；get away with “被放過, (做壞事)不受懲罰”；get off “下車;離開”；get out “出來,傳出去，泄漏”。根據(jù)句意可知A項(xiàng)正確。,4．It’s wonderful to have a month in the faraway village，_______ all worries and responsibilities.A．contrary

57、to B．far from C．far away D．free from解析：選D。句意：在很遠(yuǎn)的村莊呆上1個(gè)月真是太好了，沒有任何煩惱和責(zé)任。contrary to “與……相反”；far from “離遠(yuǎn)……”；far away “很遙遠(yuǎn)”；free from “免除，沒有”。根據(jù)句意可知D項(xiàng)正確。,5．The new product quickly

58、became popular_______ a national advertising campaign.A．thanks to B．a(chǎn)ccording to C．a(chǎn)s a result D．in addition to解析：選A。句意：這種新產(chǎn)品靠著覆蓋全國(guó)的廣告迅速火了起來。thanks to“幸虧；由于”；according to“根據(jù)”；as a result“結(jié)果”；in addition to

59、“除……之外”。根據(jù)句意可知A項(xiàng)正確。,1.(教材P9)If so，what did you do to grow them?如果這樣的話，你做了些什么來種植這些植物？,If so“如果這樣的話”,是if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句的省略形式,表示肯定意義；如果表示否定意義，則用if not。if ever　　　　如果有過/發(fā)生過的話if any 如果有的話if possible 如果有可能if necessary 如果有

60、必要,①They think she may try to phone.If so，someone must stay here.他們認(rèn)為她可能來電話，要是這樣的話，就得有人守在這兒。②Is anybody feeling cold？______，let us open the windows!有人感到冷嗎？如果沒有的話，我們把窗子打開吧?、跢ew men, _______,can make so many inventions

61、 as Edison.像愛迪生那樣做出這么多發(fā)明創(chuàng)作的人,即使有的話也不多.④If possible，try and go to bed and wake up at the same time every day.如果可能的話，嘗試每天都在同一時(shí)間睡覺和起床。,If not,if any,2.(教材P10)He would much rather keep time for his hobbies.　他更愿把時(shí)間花在自己的業(yè)余愛

62、好上。,①He would rather die than give in to the enemy.他寧死也不向敵人屈服。②Mary is feeling upset.I would rather I _________________ the bad news.瑪麗感到沮喪，我要是沒把這個(gè)壞消息告訴她就好了。③_______________ straight to university why not get some wo

63、rk experience?為什么不獲得一些工作經(jīng)驗(yàn)，再去上大學(xué)呢？,hadn’t told her,Rather than go,完成句子1．I want to see him play every week ________________ and get him in the team.(possible)如果可能的話，我每周都想看到他上場(chǎng)，讓他融入球隊(duì)。2．We would rather go on with the

64、experiment ____________________.(give)我們寧愿把這個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)進(jìn)行下去，而不愿放棄不做。,if (it is) possible,than give it up,3．Rather than ___________________ you, I would borrow money from my friends.(refuse)我寧可向朋友借錢，也不愿拒絕幫助你。4．I would rather__

65、_________________ the football match last night with my friends.Otherwise，I would have finished my paperwork by now. (watch)昨晚我要是沒和朋友一起看足球賽就好了，那樣的話我現(xiàn)在就已經(jīng)做完作業(yè)了。,refuse to help,not have watched,5．—Hey，do you like the heav

66、y metal music that I am playing?—To be honest，I don’t.I’d rather you ____________________. (keep)——嘿，你喜歡我正在播放的重金屬音樂嗎？——老實(shí)講，我不喜歡。我寧愿你保持安靜。,kept silent,1.dominate v. 支配；控制；占優(yōu)勢(shì),dominate over控制,His personality dominat

67、ed over the other members of the committee. 他的人格影響委員會(huì)的其他成員。,2.dreadful adj. 可怕的；糟透的,dreadful accident/disease/nightmare/film/meal/weather可怕的事故/疾病/噩夢(mèng)/糟糕的電影/飯菜/天氣,I cannot imagine what to do in this dreadful situation

68、. 我不能想像在這么糟的情況下該怎么辦。,[寫作素材]1．中國(guó)的農(nóng)民曾經(jīng)過著很艱苦的生活，并一直受著饑餓的困擾。2．幾十年來，他們努力尋找能夠提高糧食產(chǎn)量的方法，但收效甚微。3．多虧了袁博士的雜交水稻研究，農(nóng)民們種出的糧食比以前多了一倍。這意味著世界22%的人口擺脫了饑餓。4．大多數(shù)農(nóng)民都很滿意現(xiàn)在的生活，寧愿待在農(nóng)村當(dāng)農(nóng)民。提示：黑體部分用本單元詞匯表達(dá)。[連句成篇](將以上句子連成一篇50詞左右的英語(yǔ)短文),___

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