用增值稅代替工資稅或企業(yè)所得稅的影響【外文翻譯】

1、1本科畢業(yè)論文（設計）外文翻譯外文出處TaxPolicyCenter外文作者EricToderJosephRosenberg原文：原文：EffectsofImposingAValueaddedtaxtoReplacePayrolltaxesCpatetaxesEconomicEffectsBehavialResponsesTheserevenueestimatesassumednobehavialresponses.Wehaveesti

2、matedtheeffectsofbehavialresponsesonreceiptstheeffectsofthevariouspolicyoptionsoneconomicefficiencyoutputbutprovidebelowsomequalitativediscussion.BenefitsofaVATRelativetoaPayrollTaxAvalueaddedtaxisneutralbetweenpresentfu

3、tureconsumptionsoitdoesnotadverselyaffecttheincentivetosave.ItdoeshoweverreducethereturnfromwkinginthesamemannerasanindividualincometaxpayrolltaxalthoughthemechanismfremittingtheVATisverydifferentthanthecollectionmechani

4、smfdirecttaxes.TheresultisthattheeffectofsubstitutingaVATfpayrolltaxontheincentivetowkisnotlarge.ThesubstitutionofabroadbasedVATfaptionoftheemployerpayrolltaxthatwesimulatewouldraisetheaftertaxwage(lowerthetotaltaxrateon

5、theemployee’swkproduct)fwkersinthe1525percentbracketsbutlowertheaftertaxwage(increasethetotaltaxrateonwk)fhighwageemployeeswhoearnmethanthemaximumwagesubjecttoOASDItax(Table8).Intheexamplesshownallwkerscontributeanadditi

6、onal$107.65tothevalueofanemployer’ssales.Thewker’smarginalproductisassumedtobeinvariantunderdifferenttaxregimes.UndercurrentlawthereisnoVATbutemployers3bracketthetotalmarginalratefallsfrom37.4percentto36.3percent.Thusfth

7、ewkersinlowermarginaltaxbracketssubstitutingaVATftheemployerpayrolltaxslightlyincreasestheaftertaxreturnfromwkingme.BoththeVATpayrolltaxadverselyaffectwkefftbutbecausepartoftheVATalsofallsonconsumptionfromoldwealththeret

8、urntowkfromthepayrolltaxsubstitutionisslightlyhigher.Table8Example:TaxationofSampleEmployeesPartialSubstitutionofaVATfaPayrollTax15%Bracket25%Bracket35%BracketCurrentLawwithVATCurrentLawwithVATCurrentLawwithVATMarginalPr

9、oduct$107.65$107.65$107.65$107.65$107.65$107.65VAT$0.00$4.07$0.00$4.07$0.00$4.07GrossCompensation$107.65$103.58$107.65$103.58$107.65$103.58EmployerPayrollTax$7.65$1.81$7.65$1.81$1.54$1.50CashWage$100.00$101.77$100.00$101

10、.77$106.11$102.08EmployeePayrollTax$7.65$7.79$7.65$7.79$1.54$1.50IncomeTax$15.00$15.27$25.00$25.44$37.14$35.73Wage$77.35$78.71$67.35$68.54$67.43$64.85TotalTaxRate28.1%26.9%37.4%36.3%37.4%39.8%Notes:VATisthe5percentbroadb

11、asedVAT.Itincludes77percentofconsumptionsotheVATrateonallsalesis3.93%.Thisisataxexclusiveratethetaxinclusiverateequals(3.931.0393)=3.78%.Thepayrolltaxratesundercurrentlaware7.65%fboththeemployeremployee.TheVATrevenuesare

12、usedtoreducetheemployerpayrolltaxrateby5.9percentagepointsto1.75%.Ftaxpayersinthe35percentincometaxratebracketitisassumedthattheirwagesareabovetheSocialSecuritythresholdssoonlytheMedicaretax(1.45percentofthemoneywagefbot