2023年全國(guó)碩士研究生考試考研英語一試題真題（含答案詳解+作文范文）_第1頁
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1、外文翻譯EastAsia’sAntidumpingProblemMaterialSource:WileyOnlineLibraryAuth:ThomasJ.Prusa1.INTRODUCTIONThemethingschangethemetheystaythesame.Inthe1970santidumping(AD)wasthemostcommontypeoftradedisputeEastAsiancountrieswerethel

2、eadingtargetsoftheseinvestigations.Thesamewastrueinthe1980s.Thesamewasalsotrueinthe1990s.Thesameisstilltruetoday.FallthehuecryaboutsafeguardsSuper301governmentsubsidizedexptsetc.ADwasisftheindefinitefuturewillcontinuetob

3、etheundisputedkingofprotection.Severalauthshavedocumentedthewld’sgrowingADproblem(Miraetal.1998Prusa2001Zanardi2004).EachstudyprovidesevidenceofthegrowinguseproliferationofADprotection.Prusa(2005)perhapsoffersthebestevid

4、encepointingoutthatintermsofthequantityoftradelitigationADhaslappedthefield–severaltimesover.Between19952000WTOmembersrepted61safeguardinvestigations115countervailingdutyinvestigations1441ADinvestigations!Saidsomewhatdif

5、ferentlyoverthepast25yearstherehavebeenmedisputesundertheADagreementthanunderalltheotherGATTWTOtradestatutesputtogether.WhilethereisconsiderabledisagreementwhetherADlevelstiltstheplayingfieldtherecanbelittledoubtthatEast

6、AsiancountrieshavebeenwilllikelycontinuetobetheleadingtargetsofADactions.SimplyputADisaseriousproblemfEastAsiabyalmostanymeasureEastAsiancountriesaresubjecttoadisproptionateshareofADactions.Theextentofthedisparityhasnotb

7、eenrecognizedinanypreviousstudies.Thegoalofthispaperistoeliminatethisgapintheliterature.FthispaperIreviewADdisputesoverthepast25yearsfindthatEastAsianeconomies–JapanIndonesiaSouthKeaMalaysiaPhilippinesSingapeThailChinaTa

8、iwanChinaPRC–arenotonlysubjecttoanextradinarilylargenumberofADactionsbutalsoaccountfmostofthewldwidegrowthinADactions.IwillshowthatthegrowthofADhaslargelycomeattheexpenseofEastAsiancountries.theproductbeinginvestigatedth

9、edatethecasewasfiled.FsomecasesIalsoknowwhetheradutywasimposedbutthesizeofdutyisalmostneverrepted.AlsoonecannotusetheWTOADreptstotrackthetradeimpactbecauseproduct(tariff)codesarenotrepted.BefelookingatthepatternsinADusea

10、coupleofcommentsonthedatabaseareinder.TobeginwiththecountryproductspecificityofADinvestigationsaffectstheaccounting.ADcasesarereptedbyproductagainstaparticularnamedcountry.Finstanceoccasionallyaninvestigationinvolvingasi

11、ngleproductwillbebrokenintomultipleproductsconsequentlyreptedasmultiplecases.Mecommonaninvestigationwillnamemultiplefeigncountrieshenceberecdedasmultiplecases.BothacteristicsincreasethenumberofADfilingsasdomesticindustri

12、esseektowidenthescopeofprotection.MecomplicatedaccountingissuesinvolveEUcountriesfmerUSSRrepublics.FirstunderEUrulesADcasesarenotfiledbyindividualcountriesbutonbehalfoftheentireEU.BycontrastADcasesfiledagainstEUcountries

13、nameindividualcountries.3FinstanceaUSADactionagainststeelbeamsfromFranceGermanywouldbereptedastwoseparatecases.IndertokeeptheaccountingconsistentIhave‘merged’casesinvolvingthesameproductfiledatthesametimeagainstindividua

14、lEUcountriesintoasingleEUcasehaveclassifiedtheaffectedcountryasthe‘EU’.Thisadjustmentresultsinabout300fewercases.AsaresultthenumbersIreptinthispaperwilldifferfromstatisticsreptedelsewhere(Miraetal.1998Prusa2001Zanardi200

15、4).NeverthelessIfeelthatcombiningcasesagainstEUcountriesallowsoneameconsistent‘balancesheet’ofwldwideADactivity.b.AD–FilingPatternsInTable1IreptthenumberofADcasesfiledsince1980includingsubtotalsffiveyearintervals.Asmenti

16、onedaboveIaggregatetheindividualcountryfilingstoaregionalbasisinthesesummarytables.TABLE1NumberofADCasesFiledbyEachRegionReptingRegion1980–6.20021980–841985–891990–941995–992000–6.02NthAmerica1236276306308171175PacificOc

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