英語(yǔ)教育本科畢業(yè)論文-中西餐桌禮儀差異

1、<p><b>　　河北師范大學(xué)</b></p><p>　　高等教育自學(xué)考試本科畢業(yè)論文</p><p>　　題目:中西餐桌禮儀差異 </p><p><b>　　?！　I(yè):英語(yǔ)教育</b></p><p><b>　　考生姓名:、</b></p>&

2、lt;p><b>　　考生所在單位:</b></p><p><b>　　準(zhǔn)考證號(hào):</b></p><p><b>　　導(dǎo)師姓名:</b></p><p><b>　　聯(lián)系電話：</b></p><p>　　完成日期：2012 年 2 月 10 日

3、</p><p>　　The Difference between China</p><p>　　And Western in Table Manner</p><p><b>　　BY</b></p><p>　　Zhang Yingxin</p><p>　　Prof. Jiang B

4、aocheng，tutor</p><p>　　Submitted to the B.A. Committee in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Arts in the English Department of Hebei Teachers University</p><p>

5、;　　February 10, 2012 </p><p><b>　　摘要：</b></p><p>　　語(yǔ)言是文化的載體。文化負(fù)載詞匯在語(yǔ)言中起著重要的作用。不同的社會(huì)背景和文化對(duì)詞匯的文化內(nèi)涵有很大的影響。餐桌禮儀在中國(guó)與西方國(guó)家溝通中有舉足輕重的地位。溝通時(shí)，我們將顯示我們的最佳形象和避免文化沖突。學(xué)習(xí)和使用正確的禮儀不僅能加強(qiáng)我們自己的印象，同時(shí)也

6、促進(jìn)公司的利益和避免沖突。外交禮儀與改革開(kāi)放的發(fā)展政策進(jìn)入我們的日常生活。除了商業(yè)禮儀，餐桌禮儀是非常重要的。由于中國(guó)和西方國(guó)家之間有許多不同的文化，我們有不同的用餐方式。本文的重點(diǎn)是不同的餐桌禮儀西方和中國(guó)之間，并分析產(chǎn)生差異的原因。</p><p>　　本文試圖比較餐桌禮儀的異同。因此，我們可以了解中西文化促進(jìn)跨文化交際。序言介紹語(yǔ)言與文化的關(guān)系。第一章：餐具設(shè)置。第二章：具體的餐桌禮儀。三章：有關(guān)的禮儀建議

7、。</p><p>　　關(guān)鍵詞：文化差異；交際禮儀；差異；方式；</p><p><b>　　Abstract</b></p><p>　　Language is a cultural carrier. Culture-loaded vocabulary plays an important role in a language. Differ

8、ent social backgrounds and national cultures have a great effect on the cultural connotations of vocabulary. Table manners have a decisive position in the communication between China and Western countries. During communi

9、cation we will show our best image and avoid cultural conflicts. Learning and using the right etiquette will not only step up our own impression, but also promote the benefit an</p><p>　　This paper attempts

10、to compare the similarities and differences of table manners.. Therefore we can understand the eastern and western cultures promoting the cross-cultural communication. Introduction is dealing with the relationship betwee

11、n the language and culture. Chapter one: The difference in table set. Chapter two: The specific of table manners. Chapter three: additionals of suggestions.</p><p>　　Key words: cultural difference; communica

12、tion; manner; etiquette; difference</p><p><b>　　Contents</b></p><p>　　Abstract........................................................................................................

13、...............I</p><p>　　Contents......................................................................................................................II</p><p>　　Introduction..................

14、.............................................................................................III I. The differences between China and Western in Table Set.................................1</p><p>　　1.1.Weste

15、rn country dinner set............................................................................1</p><p>　　1.2 China dinner set...............................................................................

16、............2ⅡThe Specific of Table Manners..............................................................................3</p><p>　　2.1 How to order a restaurant..............................................

17、.................................3</p><p>　　2.2 Before dinner start..........................................................................................3</p><p>　　2.3 The main course.......

18、......................................................................................3</p><p>　　2.4 Drinking..................................................................................................

19、.......4</p><p>　　2.5 Eating No-no's...............................................................................................5</p><p>　?、骎arious rules and Suggestions..................

20、............................................................6</p><p>　　Conclusion..................................................................................................................8</p>

21、<p>　　Bibliography...............................................................................................................9</p><p>　　Introduction</p><p>　　With the development of Ch

22、ina’s opening-up, more and more Western culture gets into our sight. At the same time, we can see the conflicts and problems in intercultural communication again and again: one country’s president think that the gesture

23、means friendly, but it enrages another country’s people; some businessmen from foreign countries come to China to do business but failed and left with complaint; some Chinese people go to America to study, but, after a s

24、hort time, they give up the plan, </p><p>　　With the further development of the reform and opening to the outside world, the people and the matter in western societies have come in to our visual field more a

25、nd more. This is a good thing for deepening our understanding of western society. But, this is not an easy thing. Because the things we face are coming from strange cultures and countries, and the people we communicate w

26、ith are different from us in thinking, life custom, and behavior. It is unavoidable for the phenomenon of culture con</p><p>　　I. The differences between China </p><p>　　And Western in Table Set

27、 </p><p>　　There are many culture conflicts in intercultural table set between Chinese culture and western culture, it is impossible for us to list them out one by one. But here will list some frequent conf

28、licts.</p><p>　　1.1.Western country dinner set</p><p>　　Oriental may be surprised by table manners in Western culture knowing them will help you make a good impression. Having good table manners

29、 means knowing the things such as how to use knives and forks, when to drink a toast and how to behave at the table.</p><p><b>　　1</b></p><p>　　Eating in American ,the dinner set you

30、 should know, beside your napkin you will find a small bread roll and three glasses－one for white wine, one for the red wine,and one for water. There are two pairs of knives and forks on the table, forks on the left and

31、knives in the right of the plate. When you see two spoons, the big one is for the soup and the small one for the dessert. The knife and fork that are closest to your plate are a little bigger than the ones beside them. W

32、hen you sit down at th</p><p>　　1.2 China dinner set</p><p>　　Compare with the Western table set you will find that China dinner set is simple and easy to use. In China you sometimes get a hot,

33、damp cloth to clean your hands, which, however is not the custom in Western countries. The main difference between China and Western eating habits is that unlike the west, where everyone has their own plate of food, in C

34、hina the dishes are placed on the table and everybody shares. At table they just have a bowl, a spoon and a pair of chopsticks. Of course the chopst</p><p><b>　　2</b></p><p>　?、騎he S

35、pecific of Table Manners</p><p>　　There are many culture conflicts in eating custom between Chinese cultural and western culture, it is impossible for us to list them out one by one. There have some frequent

36、 conflicts are listed out.</p><p>　　2.1 How to order a restaurant </p><p>　　The more slap-up the restaurant is, the more necessary to order. When making an order, you have to tel

37、l the exact number of person and the time but also show clearly if you want a non-smoking or well viewing place. If it is for the birthday or any other special days, you can make them know the purpose and budget. It is b

38、asically polite that you should arrive in time.</p><p>　　2.2 Before dinner start</p><p>　　In Western the dinner start with a small dish, which is often called a starter. Some people pray before

39、they start eating and other people may keep silent for a moment. Then you can say “Enjoy your meal” to each other and everybody start eating. For the starter which you eat with the small pair, you keep the knife in your

40、right hand and the fork in your left. After the starter you will get a bowl of soup－but only one bowl of soup and never ask for a second serving. Sometimes there is a fish cour</p><p>　　2.3 The main course&l

41、t;/p><p>　　After the starter is the main course. Many Occidental think the chicken breast with its tender white flesh is the best part of the bird. If you are in someone’s family you may see some family member

42、use their fingers when they eating chicken or other birds, you can follow them but never touch meat in bones. When you are eating in a </p><p><b>　　3</b></p><p>　　restaurant in weste

43、rn country the main course often supply as beefsteak、sheepskin and other things. In China If you are being treated to a formal dinner and particularly if the host thinks you are in the country for the first time, a ton o

44、f food will be prepared for you. Chinese are very proud of their culture of cuisine and will do their best to show their hospitality, he will do the best to give you a taste of many different types of dishes. The meal us

45、ually begins with a set of at least four </p><p>　　2.4 Drinking</p><p>　　After the main course is dessert; in general the dessert is coffee or ice cream. If you want other things please tell to

46、your host. </p><p>　　In Western if your food is dark color the white wine is best choice, if not, you should choice the red wine, most Westerners like soft drink if they will drive home. In China people ofte

47、n drink Baijiu exceptt women and children .Besides beer, the official Chinese alcoholic beverage is Baijiu, high-proof Chinese liquor made from assorted </p><p><b>　　4</b></p><p>　　g

48、rains. There are varying degrees of Bai Jiu. The Beijing favorite is called Erguotou, which is a whopping 56% alcohol. More expensive are Maotai and Wuliangye. Sometimes they might choice beer, women and children always

49、drinking soft drink 、tea or some water.</p><p>　　2.5 Eating No-no's</p><p>　　No matter where you are you should know the things; it can help you know the custom. It can make you give the hos

50、t good impression. </p><p>　　As a guest in China. The follow things you should know.</p><p>　　1. Don't stick your chopsticks upright in the rice bowl. Instead, lay them on your dish. The rea

51、son for this is that when somebody dies, the shrine to them contains a bowl of sand or rice with two sticks of incense stuck upright in it.</p><p>　　2.When not in use, chopsticks mus

52、t always be placed neatly on the table with two sticks lying tidily next to each other at both ends. Never point

53、60;the chopsticks at another person. This amounts to insulting that person and is a major faux pas. </p><p>　　3. Make sure the spout of the teapot is not facing a

54、nyone. It is impolite to set the teapot down where the spout is facing towards somebody. The spout should always be directed to where nobody is sitting, usually just outward from the table. </p><p>　　4. Don&

55、#39;t tap on your bowl with your chopsticks. Beggars tap on their bowls, so this is not polite. Also, when the food is coming too slow in a restaurant, people will tap their bowls. If you are in someone's home, it is

56、 like insulting the cook. </p><p>　　5. Don’t turnover the fish especially you are a driver.</p><p>　　When you are in Western country the other things will help you.</p><p>　　1. Eat

57、with a fork unless the food is meant to be eaten with fingers. Only babies eat with fingers.</p><p>　　2 Always say thank you when served something. </p><p>　　3 If the meal is not buffet style, t

58、hen wait until everyone is served before eating.</p><p>　　4 Eat slowly, don't gobble up the food. Someone took a long time to prepare the </p><p><b>　　5</b></p><p>　

59、　food, enjoy it slowly. Slowly means to wait about 5 seconds after swallowing before getting another fork.</p><p>　　5 When eating rolls, break off a piece of bread before buttering. Eating a whole piece of b

60、read looks tacky.</p><p>　　6 Don't reach over someone's plate for something; ask for the item to be passed to you.</p><p>　　7 Always use a napkin to dab your mouth, which should be on yo

61、ur lap when not in use. Remember, dab your mouth only. Don't wipe your face or blow your nose with a napkin, both are gross. Excuse yourself from the table and go the restroom to do those things.</p><p>

62、　　8 When eating at someone's home or a guest of someone at a restaurant, always thank the host and tell them how delicious it was, even if it wasn't. Again, someone took time, energy, and expense to prepare the f

63、ood, shows your appreciation.</p><p>　　The four points will help you no matter where you are.</p><p>　　1. Chew with your mouth closed. No one wants to be grossed out seeing food being chewed up

64、or hearing it being chomped on. This includes no talking with your mouth full.</p><p>　　2 Don't make any rude comments about any food being served. It will hurt someone's feelings</p><p>

65、;　　3 Don't stuff your mouth full of food, it looks gross, and they could choke.</p><p>　　4 Don't pick anything out of your teeth, it's gross. If it bothers you that bad, excuse yourself and go to

66、 the restroom to pick.</p><p>　　Ⅲ Various rules and Suggestions</p><p>　　In China when you drinking your glass should lower than others; if you are a leader please do not, if drinking to somebod

67、y’s health please dry the glass women and children will drink fruit juice or tea. In addition, at the table everyone have their own glass.</p><p>　　The following things will help you give others a good impre

68、ssion. </p><p><b>　　6</b></p><p>　　1. Sit up straight on your chair. </p><p>　　2. Do not put much food in your mouth at a time. </p><p>　　3. Drink only when

69、 there is no food in your mouth. </p><p>　　4. Try not to get into your mouth anything that will have to be taken out. </p><p>　　5.Do not make any noise when you eat. </p><p>　　6. D

70、o not clean your teeth at the table or anywhere in public, either with your finger or a tooth picks, not even with you tongue. </p><p>　　7. People in China tend to over-order food, for they will find it emba

71、rrassing if all the food is consumed. When you have had enough, just say so. Or you will always overeat! </p><p>　　8. In Western it is polite to finish eating everything on your plate, so don't take more

72、 food than you need. </p><p>　　9. At table, you should try to speak quietly and smile a lot, but don't laugh all the time. </p><p>　　10. In western when drinking to someone's health, you

73、 raise your glasses, but the glasses should not touch. But in China the glasses should touch and your glass should lower than your host. </p><p>　　11. The custom of toasting in some parts of China is to fini

74、sh the drink at once but Westerners usually take only a sip(Cheers! “Gan Bei” literally means “dry the glass”). </p><p>　　12. For drinking during a dinner, the best advice is never to drink too much. </p&

75、gt;<p><b>　　7</b></p><p>　　Conclusion</p><p>　　Intercultural communication becomes more and more common in people’s daily life. People should learn some knowledge about the in

76、tercultural manners. Once people know the cultures that belong to the country whose people they communicate with, they will feel comfortable in the course of communication. Studying the intercultural etiquette can avoid

77、the conflicts between two countries’ people and solve </p><p>　　the problems and troubles brought by misunderstanding.</p><p>　　The students play an important role in intercultural communicatio

78、n. There are </p><p>　　more and more foreigners coming to big or middle cities in China,and our children go outside more and more frequently. So, their intercultural communication ability should be trained

79、from now. It is our duty.</p><p><b>　　8</b></p><p>　　Bibliography</p><p>　　[1] Zhang, Chongyi. A Comparative Study of Western and Chinese Culture. </p><p>　

80、　Hainan People press, 2001</p><p>　　[2] Samovar, Larry A. and Porter, Richard E. Communication between Cultures.</p><p>　　Peking University Press, 2002.</p><p>　　[3] Shi, Xun. A Cul

81、tural Approach to Discourse Macmillan and Mouton </p><p>　　press,2001.</p><p>　　[4] 林天津.跨文化交際研究[M].福建人民出版,2003.</p><p>　　[5] 王曉朝.溝通中西文化 [M].重慶大學(xué)出版社,2001.</p><p>　　[6] 陳