英語專業(yè)畢業(yè)論文--中西方餐桌禮儀的差異

1、<p>　　中西方餐桌禮儀的差異</p><p>　　Different Table Manners between China and the West</p><p><b>　　摘 要</b></p><p>　　不同的國家和民族由于地區(qū)差異形成了不同的文化，而不同國家的社會生活方式則形成了不同的飲食文化及餐桌禮儀。飲食文化

2、及餐桌禮儀是非語言文化的重要組成部分。作為一名外語學習者，了解中西方飲食文化及餐桌禮儀方面的差異及其淵源是必要且必須的。因為這不僅僅可以增加對所學語言文化的認識，更加有助于提高跨文化交際的成功率，避免由不合適的行為或方式所形成的誤解。本文第一部分分別對中西方餐桌禮儀做簡要概括。第二部分為本文核心，從餐具，座次，點餐及用餐氛圍四個方面具體介紹中西方餐桌禮儀的差異。第三部分從地理因素，價值觀，及傳統(tǒng)習俗入手，講述形成中西方餐桌禮儀差異的原因

3、。以此三個部分展現(xiàn)餐桌禮儀在中西方文化交流中的重要性。</p><p>　　關(guān)鍵詞：餐桌禮儀；差異；原因</p><p><b>　　Abstract</b></p><p>　　Different countries and nations have different cultures as a result of regional dif

4、ferences. The social lifestyle of different countries form different diet culture and table manner, which is an important part of non language culture. As a foreign language learner, it is necessary to learn the differen

5、ces between Chinese and Western food culture and table manners. Because it can not only increase the comprehension of the language culture, but also help to improve the success rate of intercultura</p><p>　　

6、Key words: Table manner; differences; Reasons; </p><p><b>　　Contents</b></p><p><b>　　摘 要I</b></p><p>　　AbstractII</p><p>　　ContentsIII</p

7、><p>　　1Introduction1</p><p>　　2The Different Table Manners Between China and West2</p><p>　　2.1Difference in Dinnerware2</p><p>　　2.2Differences in Serving Order3

8、</p><p>　　2.3Differences in Seat Arrangement4</p><p>　　2.4Differences in Atmosphere5</p><p>　　3The Reasons6</p><p>　　3.1  Geographic Factor6</p><

9、p>　　3.1The View of Value7</p><p>　　3.2Traditional Culture8</p><p>　　4Conclusion9</p><p>　　References9</p><p>　　Introduction</p><p>　　Table manner

10、 refers to the common polite eating standard in human society. On the contrary, some behaviors when eating are regarded as rude and destroying other’s appetite. In accordance with different culture of different countries

11、, there are different table manners.</p><p>　　According to the literature, Chin Chinese daily life. Whereas, table manner has high statue. While eating with traditional Chinese family, we have to respect the

12、ir traditional culture and custom. Table manner occupies a important place in the modern Chinese life order. They think that eating is not just to meet the basic physical need, but also essential social experience. There

13、fore it is particularly important to master some ceremonial knowledge about Chinese table manner,ese table manner has f</p><p>　　Western table manner originated in Merovingian Dynasty, France affected by the

14、 Byzantine culture. At the Roman Empire Time, table manner became more complex and autocratic. The emperor, sitting in the tallest chairs, must receive the dishes taken by the ministers when music was sounded. Before the

15、 seventeenth century, eating with hat was the traditional custom. In the imperial era, different nations have different eating habits as table manner is more cumbersome and harsh. When the Romans ate lu</p><p&

16、gt;　　The Different Table Manners Between China and West</p><p>　　Difference in Dinnerware</p><p>　　Chopsticks, which have a long history of 3000 years, are the typical Chinese tableware consiste

17、nt with the traditional "harmony" thought. There are three notes that we must pay attention to about the use of chopsticks: first, place chopsticks neatly on the right side of the bowl before eating. Second, do

18、 not use chopsticks to make a sound, lick chopsticks, or point at anyone with chopsticks. Taking particular notice, do not insert the chopsticks in rice or pasta, because it is very similar to th</p><p>　　We

19、stern dinnerware are mainly the knife and fork which were widely used by France in the European continent in the 18th century. Westerners using knife and fork is consisted with their culture about nomadism and maritime,

20、which shows vividly that they are competitive and adventurous. Before eating, knife and fork are placed in accordance with the rule : left fork and right knife both sides of the plate respectively, with the blade took in

21、ward. When eating, right hand take the knife to cut food w</p><p>　　Differences in Serving Order</p><p>　　In Chinese banquet, appetizers, the first dish, are sometime made of four kinds of cold

22、platet. Representative appetizers are the bean cured mixed with hopped green onion, cold cuts ox-trip and so on. After the cold plate, four hot plates are followed that usually are fried shrimp, fried pork and so on. Hot

23、 plates can be not served if guests do not want. There are two points when serving hot plate. First, the waiter ought to serve from the left of the opposite seat of the most important guest. S</p><p>　　In we

24、stern banquet, the appetizer is also the first dish which is specialty. As for the first dish, it usually match with aperitif. It is westerners’ favorite snack with acid and crisp taste. The second dish, extremely differ

25、ent from China, is soup which is classified generally into five categories: vegetable soup, cold soup, cream soup, pureed soup,and clear soup. Next is side dish, also called fish dish, including a variety of seafood such

26、 as shellfish and mollusks for the seafood is full of n</p><p>　　Differences in Seat Arrangement</p><p>　　In the Chinese table manner, at the beginning, let guests attend the seats, then please

27、the elderly sit next to the guests. One should seat from the left side of the chair. When sitting on the chair, one should not move the chopsticks, or make noise, let alone walks casually. Host invites guests to have sea

28、ts and should not let guests sit close to the place where dishes are served. If you are the master, you should point at a chair and say to the guest with a gentle tone: "please sit here." Ther</p><p&

29、gt;　　Western people believe the same principle that the right is honor and the left is low as Chinese. As soon as hostess tells guests that the dinner is ready, the host will introduce the guests to have a seat. If you a

30、re a careful master, you will take nametag on the table in order to show seats for everyone. however, the seat arrangement is usually followed the rule that female and male sit separately without name cards. Host’s seat

31、is on the right of hostess. The other couples are diagonally seat</p><p>　　Differences in Atmosphere</p><p>　　When When Chinese people have delicacies from land and sea they often talk of everyt

32、hing under the sun, which shows that hostess is so passionate and hospitable. Besides, lively table atmosphere can reflect the guests’ joy. The active atmosphere reflects the happiness of family, and harmony of the natio

33、n in a sense. Chinese people usually prepare a wild variety of dishes for the guests who are invited to have dinner, which is no less than seven or eight dishes. The more delicious and expensive t</p><p>　　B

34、y contrast, in the western countries, people think that excessive noise is rude, and only the quiet and orderly atmosphere can show noble. There not exist these phenomenons such as persuading to drink alcohol and carryin

35、g food for others. This reflects the respect for the individual in the western culture. People hardly talk with each other but to cut and eat their food with fork quietly. They avoid making noise while eating and drinkin

36、g. Even if they have something important to talk, they keep</p><p>　　The Reasons</p><p>　　3.1  Geographic Factor </p><p>　　China is located in the east Asia-Europe contine

37、ntal monsoon climate zone, rain and heat over the same period, very suitable for growing plant, which forms Chinese people's plant character. Most western countries are located in temperate maritime climate zone, whi

38、ch is the perfect place for natural pasture. So western people are fond of meat. For Europeans, pasture means food, and food means survival, which in turn leads to their expansion and the formation of aggressive characte

39、r. There are big</p><p>　　The View of Value</p><p>　　In China, a state of ceremony, table manner reflects Chinese "solidarity" collectivist values. During the dinner, seat arrangement

40、can give expression to it obviously. Chinese people emphasis that to respect the old and cherish the young, to be filial first. Relatively speaking, in western countries, the value of individualism occupies a position of

41、 importance, which shows individual valve and strength. Because they emphasis personality development, self-expression in their philosophical thought</p><p>　　Traditional Culture</p><p>　　The di

42、fferent national ethnic and historical development can lead to different history. Confucianism and Taoism are the origin of Chinese traditional culture, which have a long and profound influence on Chinese society. Faith,

43、 propriety, righteousness, wisdom, benevolence are the core of Chinese traditional culture. While in western countries, Judea-Christian Culture is the core of western traditional culture. They believe that God is the mas

44、ter of all things. Later, Puritan claim a new idea tha</p><p>　　In the book Culture on Dinner Table, Mr. Yi Zhongtian said that the collectivism is the core thought of Chinese culture while the individualism

45、 is western corn thought. So Chinese have dinner around a big table and share the common food. On the contrary, western people eat their own food picked by themselves.</p><p>　　In China, especially in ancien

46、t times, women are not allowed to participate in formal banquets which is identical to the Chinese traditional feudal thought males are supposed to be worth more than the other sex. In the book of the Chinese, Lin Yutang

47、 even said: "since the primitive times, women has not occupied the deserved status in the Chinese people's blood." In the Chinese traditional culture, woman has been in a subordinate position. Although Chin

48、ese women’s status been significantly improv</p><p>　　Conclusion</p><p>　　Now we can learn the difference between Chinese and Western table manner in a general way. When we have business meals w

49、ith western people or we travel to western countries, we should follow their table manner for we are the represents of China and we are qualified Chinese. What is more, we are able to know the deep cultural connotation f

50、rom the several reasons of forming the differences.</p><p>　　In recent years, with the rapid development of China, the trade and cultural exchanges between China and Western countries have become more and m

51、ore frequent. Comparing the difference of table manner between China and west, we can see that it is important to improve the international image of our country, strengthen the cultivation of personal qualities, and pro

52、mote the further cooperation between China and the west.</p><p>　　References</p><p>　　Yi, Zhongtian. 2006. Gossip Chinese. 2006. Shanghai Literature and Art Press. </p><p>　　Feng,

53、Yuzhu. 2005. Learning about Table Manner. University of International Business and Economics Press.</p><p>　　Sapir Edward. 2011. Language: An Introduction to the Study of Speech. The Commercial Press. </p

54、><p>　　Chen, Fensen. 2007. Chinese Diet in China. China Social Science Press.</p><p>　　Zhao, Rongguang. 2008. Introduction to Chinese food culture. Higher Education Press.</p><p>　　Fe

55、ng, Xinru and Xu Yanping. 2013. [The comparative study of Chinese and Western table manners from the perspective of cross culture communication]. Yu Wen Zhou Kan. 92-93.</p><p>　　Lu, Qiaodan. 2008. Zhongxi c

56、aiyao duibi ji zhongshi caiyao yingyi fangfa tanjiu [A comparative study on the naming of Chinese and Western cuisine and the methods of translating Chinese cuisine]. Journal of Shenyang Agricultural University(Social Sc

57、iences Edition). 607.</p><p>　　Lu, Wenwen. 2009. [Cultural Differences between Chinese and Western Traditional Festival Diet]. Journal of Shanxi Normal University(Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition). 112