機(jī)械制造加工外文翻譯----電火花線切割技術(shù)

1、<p>　　Wire EDM Technology </p><p>　　Abstract: With the continuous improvement of machinery manufacturing and the need for precision processing, advanced machinery manufacturing technology also matter of

2、 course. In this paper, EDM wire cutting technology and its application and development trends. </p><p>　　Key words: Mechanical manufacturing technology, EDM wire cutting</p><p>　　0.Preface <

3、/p><p>　　Manufacturing technology is not only a measure of a country an important indicator of the level of technological development is the focus of international technological competition. Machinery manufactu

4、ring technology is the study of product design, production, processing, manufacturing, selling and use, maintenance services and even the whole process of recycling the engineering disciplines, is to enhance quality, eff

5、iciency, competitiveness as the goal, including material flow, information flow</p><p>　　However, EDM wire cutting technology is one of advanced manufacturing technology, mechanical production and wide appli

6、cation, it is mainly used for processing a variety of complex shapes and precision small parts, for example, Die punch, die, punch and die, fixed plate, stripper plate and so on, forming cutter, model, EDM machining the

7、metal electrode, a varietylied in production, the current account abroad WEDM EDM over 60% of the total. The following highlights WEDM machining technology and ap</p><p>　　1. Principles of WEDM </p>&

8、lt;p>　　WEDM (Wire cut Electrical Discharge Machining, referred to as the WEDM), sometimes also known as cutting. The basic physical principle is the presence of free positive ions and electrons to accumulate, and soon

9、 to be ionized to form a conductive channel. In this stage, a current between two plates, lead to numerous collisions between particles occur, forming a plasma, and soon increased to 8000 to 12,000 degrees Celsius, melti

10、ng moments in the two conductors, some of the material at the same tim</p><p>　　On this basis, our domestic development of the Fast Wire System (HS). Europe and Japan, developed the walking system (LS). The

11、main difference is 1, the electrode wire of tungsten and molybdenum alloy wire used, the foreign use of brass. 2, by specification of the working fluid, demonized water used abroad. 3, take the wire of the speed of 11 me

12、ters / second or so, abroad for 3 to 5 m / min. 4, we repeat the electrode wire is to use until the broken wire to the foreign is not reused after the wa</p><p>　　According to the electrode wire running at d

13、ifferent speeds, and processing quality of different WEDM is usually divided into three categories: the first is to go wire speed WEDM (WEDM-HS), the electrode wire for high-speed reciprocating motion, generally take the

14、 wire speed of 8 ~ 10m / s, the electrode wire can be reused, the higher processing speed, rapid walking easily lead to the electrode wire and reverse wire jitter when the pause, the decline in the quality process is the

15、 production and </p><p>　　Trajectory based on the control of the electrode wire in different forms, can be divided into three WEDM: one is an imitation of shape control, before cutting the conducting wire, p

16、re-create the same shape as the die and the workpiece, the processing time rough and die while the workpiece clamping in the machine table, the electrode wire in the cutting process closely for the trajectory moves close

17、 to the edge mode, thereby cutting out the shape with the mold and precision parts to the same; the</p><p>　　2. WEDM Characteristics and Application </p><p>　　The so-called EDM wire cutting, is

18、to move forward to the filament (diameter of about 0.5mm or less) to make electrodes, the electrode wire and the spark discharge between the workpiece and simultaneously driven by the shape of the parts required for proc

19、essing.</p><p>　　2.1.WEDM characteristics: </p><p>　　(1) it 0.03 ~ 0.35mm metal wire to the electrode tool, do not need to create a specific shape of the electrode. </p><p>　　(2) Al

20、though the process is mainly flat shape of the object, but in addition to the decision of the inside of the wire diameter foot minimum diameter R (radius + wire discharge gap) such restrictions, no restrictions, no compl

21、icated at the beginning of all can be processed. </p><p>　　(3) contouring less than the required processing can be effective in saving precious materials. </p><p>　　(4) loss of wire can be ignor

22、ed (using low-loss high-speed cutting away Siqie pulse power; slow walk for a continuous thread cutting one-way wire, always kept in the processing area Sijia new electrode), high precision </p><p>　　(5) rel

23、ies on a tiny computer-controlled electrode wire traces and space compensation, while both concave and convex mold processing, the gap can be adjusted. </p><p>　　(6) by emulsion liquid or to the working flui

24、d from the water, do not have to worry about fire, day and night, no one can be a continuous process. </p><p>　　(7) cutting WEDM can be difficult to machine or can not be the traditional method for processin

25、g high hardness, high strength, high brittleness, high-Ren Xing and other conductive materials and semiconductor materials. </p><p>　　(8) at the beginning of any complex parts, as long as the preparation of

26、processing can be processed, and thus very suitable for small batch production of parts and test products, processing, short processing cycle, application flexibility. </p><p>　　(9) with four simultaneous ax

27、es, can be processed, the following special-shaped body, the shape distortion of the body surface, such as variable taper and spherical parts. </p><p>　　(10) process, the tools are not in direct contact with

28、 the workpiece, there is no significant cutting force, enabling processing of low-rigidity workpiece. (11) and EDM as compared to the wire electrode instead of forming the electrode, eliminating the molding tool design a

29、nd manufacturing costs electrode </p><p>　　Used to shorten the production lead time. </p><p>　　WEDM the disadvantage of low productivity, and can not be blind hole machining parts and ladder sur

30、faces. </p><p>　　2.2.WEDM applications: </p><p>　　(1) The trial of new products: new product development process requires a single piece samples, use of wire cutting parts cut out directly, with

31、out molds, which can greatly shorten the development cycle of new products and reduce trial costs. Such as stamping, the die is not expected to open Chula, first with a wire cutting for forming such a model for subsequen

32、t processing, be verified before blanking die manufacturing. </p><p>　　(2) processing of special materials: cutting some of the high hardness, high melting point metal, the use of machine processing methods

33、is almost impossible, and economical use of line cutting can ensure accuracy. </p><p>　　(3) processing mold parts: mainly used in EDM wire cutting dies, extrusion dies, plastic dies, EDM electrodes cavity mo

34、ld processing, the EDM wire cutting speed and accuracy of the rapid increase has reached can compete with the coordinates of the degree of grinding. For example, the small die, the material is tool steel, in the past wit

35、h a separate mold and method of curve grinding machining, EDM wire cutting now switch to the overall processing methods, manufacturing cycle can be shortened 3 /</p><p>　　2.3.WEDM application areas:</p>

36、;<p>　　WEDM is mainly used for a variety of dies, plastic molds, powder metallurgy molds composed of two-dimensional and three-dimensional ruled surface of the mold and parts. Can cut a variety of templates, magne

37、ts, silicon steel, semiconductor materials or precious metals, but also for micro-machining, shaped slot and the standard specimen processing defects. Widely used in electronic equipment, precision machine tools, light i

38、ndustrial, military and so on. </p><p>　　(1) plane shape of the metal mold processing: die, powder metallurgy mold, drawing die, extrusion die machining </p><p>　　(2) three-dimensional shape of

39、the metal mold processing: Die by the withdrawal of the die groove machining, plastic with metal dies, plastic mold separation surface processing </p><p>　　(3) EDM: production of complex shapes using micro-e

40、lectrodes the electrode process, the general processing of perforated electrode, the electrode process with taper mold </p><p>　　(4) test products and parts processing: prototype parts directly to processing

41、, batch processing of small variety of parts, special materials, spare parts processing, materials, processing of specimens </p><p>　　(5) profile gauge processing: measuring a variety of card board processin

42、g, the cam and the template processing, shape forming car </p><p>　　(6) micro-processing: Processing of chemical fiber nozzle, shaped slot and narrow channel processing, standard processing defects </p>

43、;<p>　　3. WEDM technology status </p><p>　　Currently, the cutting speed WEDM has been widespread over the past 20 ~ 40mm2/min increased to 100mm2/min above, and some can reach 260mm2/min, machining ac

44、curacy is ± 0.01mm, the surface roughness of the workpiece Ra1.25 ~ 2.5μm, which can meet the general mold machining and other complex parts manufacturing requirements. With the development of science and technology

45、, the manufacture of various products have become increasingly demanding of wire cutting technology has also put forward higher </p><p>　　3.1.WEDM technology trends: </p><p>　　WEDM due to loss o

46、f electrode wire, and precision mechanical parts of the structure, into the open-loop control to the system, processing of changes in working fluid conductivity, temperature processing environment and its own processing

47、characteristics (such as wire speed operation fast, more vibration source, guide wheel wear large) and other factors, machining accuracy is limited. The current status of the machine, to a relatively short time and low-s

48、peed wire EDM to go to compete in the proc</p><p>　　4. Conclusion </p><p>　　At present, artificial intelligence technology has started in the WEDM in the research, however, the depth and breadth

49、 of research is still not enough. There are many aspects to be studied further: </p><p>　　(1) of the Servo WEDM inverter control has to rely on the operator, so the operating staff strength, machine performa

50、nce of the play is limited. Artificial intelligence fuzzy control technology is an important aspect of technology, it can imitate the skilled control of machine tools, EDM machine has been successfully applied in EDM wir

51、e cutting has a good prospect. </p><p>　　(2) concluded over the years to go wire cutting high-speed processing results, the establishment of appropriate knowledge base and expert systems, reducing the diffic

52、ulty of the operation of machine tools is essential. </p><p>　　(3) adaptive processing parameters, etc. can make a difference. </p><p>　　The latest artificial intelligence technology into the de

53、velopment of WEDM, the development of high-speed wire cutting away parts of the intelligent control and enforcement agencies, which is the current national development priorities are consistent with high-tech industry, h

54、as important practical significance. </p><p><b>　　電火花線切割技術(shù)</b></p><p>　　摘要：隨著機(jī)械制造業(yè)水平的不斷提高和產(chǎn)品加工精度的需要，先進(jìn)的機(jī)械制造技術(shù)的應(yīng)用也就順理成章。本文主要介紹電火花線切割技術(shù)及其應(yīng)用和發(fā)展趨勢。</p><p>　　關(guān)鍵詞：機(jī)械制造技術(shù)，電火花線切

55、割</p><p><b>　　0 緒言</b></p><p>　　制造技術(shù)不僅是衡量一個(gè)國家科技發(fā)展水平的重要標(biāo)志,也是國際間科技競爭的重點(diǎn)。機(jī)械制造技術(shù)是研究產(chǎn)品設(shè)計(jì)、生產(chǎn)、加工制造、銷售使用、維修服務(wù)乃至回收再生的整個(gè)過程的工程學(xué)科,是以提高質(zhì)量、效益、競爭力為目標(biāo),包含物質(zhì)流、信息流和能量流的完整的系統(tǒng)工程。隨著社會(huì)的發(fā)展,人們對(duì)產(chǎn)品的要求也發(fā)生了很大變化,

56、要求品種要多樣、更新要快捷、質(zhì)量要高檔、使用要方便、價(jià)格要合理、外形要美觀、自動(dòng)化程度要高、售后服務(wù)要好、要滿足人們越來越高的要求,就必須采用先進(jìn)的機(jī)械制造技術(shù)。先進(jìn)制造技術(shù)的特點(diǎn)有：（1）它是面向21世紀(jì)的技術(shù)。（2）是面向工業(yè)應(yīng)用的技術(shù)。（3）是駕馭生產(chǎn)過程的系統(tǒng)工程。（4）是面向全球競爭的技術(shù)。（5）是市場競爭三要素的統(tǒng)一。</p><p>　　然而電火花線切割技術(shù)是先進(jìn)制造技術(shù)之一，在機(jī)械生產(chǎn)中應(yīng)用范圍廣

57、，它主要用于加工各種形狀復(fù)雜和精密細(xì)小的工件，例如沖裁模的凸模、凹模、凸凹模、固定板、卸料板等，成形刀具、樣板、電火花成型加工用的金屬電極，各種微細(xì)孔槽、窄縫、任意曲線等，具有加工余量小、加工精度高、生產(chǎn)周期短、制造成本低等突出優(yōu)點(diǎn)，已在生產(chǎn)中獲得廣泛的應(yīng)用，目前國內(nèi)外的電火花線切割機(jī)床已占電加工機(jī)床總數(shù)的60％以上。 下面著重介紹電火花線切割技術(shù)的加工原理及其應(yīng)用范圍和發(fā)展趨勢。</p><p>　　1 電火花

58、線切割加工原理</p><p>　　電火花線切割加工（Wire cut Electrical Discharge Machining，簡稱WEDM），有時(shí)又稱線切割。其基本物理原理是自由正離子和電子在場中積累，很快形成一個(gè)被電離的導(dǎo)電通道。在這個(gè)階段，兩板間形成電流。導(dǎo)致粒子間發(fā)生無數(shù)次碰撞，形成一個(gè)等離子區(qū)，并很快升高到8000到12000度的高溫，在兩導(dǎo)體表面瞬間熔化一些材料，同時(shí)，由于電極和電介液的汽化，形

59、成一個(gè)氣泡，并且它的壓力規(guī)則上升直到非常高。然后電流中斷，溫度突然降低，引起氣泡內(nèi)向爆炸，產(chǎn)生的動(dòng)力把溶化的物質(zhì)拋出彈坑，然后被腐蝕的材料在電介液中重新凝結(jié)成小的球體，并被電介液排走。然后通過NC控制的監(jiān)測和管控，伺服機(jī)構(gòu)執(zhí)行，使這種放電現(xiàn)象均勻一致，從而達(dá)到加工物被加工，使之成為合乎要求之尺寸大小及形狀精度的產(chǎn)品。</p><p>　　我們國內(nèi)在此基礎(chǔ)上發(fā)展了快走絲系統(tǒng)(HS)。歐美和日本發(fā)展了慢走系統(tǒng)(LS)

60、。主要區(qū)別是1、電極絲我國采用鎢鉬合金絲，國外采用黃銅絲。2,我國采用皂化工作液，國外采用去離子水。 3、我國的走絲速度為11米/秒左右，國外為3~5米/分。4、我們的電極絲是重復(fù)利用的直到斷絲為至,國外是走過后不再重用。5、我們的精度不如國外高。</p><p>　　根據(jù)電極絲的運(yùn)行速度不同，及加工質(zhì)量不同，電火花線切割機(jī)床通常分為三類：第一類是高速走絲電火花線切割機(jī)床（WEDM-HS），其電極絲作高速往復(fù)運(yùn)動(dòng)

61、，一般走絲速度為8～10m/s，電極絲可重復(fù)使用，加工速度較高，但快速走絲容易造成電極絲抖動(dòng)和反向時(shí)停頓，使加工質(zhì)量下降，是我國生產(chǎn)和使用的主要機(jī)種，也是我國獨(dú)創(chuàng)的電火花線切割加工模式；第二類是低速走絲電火花線切割機(jī)床（WEDM-LS），其電極絲作低速單向運(yùn)動(dòng)，一般走絲速度低于0.2m/s，電極絲放電后不再使用，工作平穩(wěn)、均勻、抖動(dòng)小、加工質(zhì)量較好，但加工速度較低，是國外生產(chǎn)和使用的主要機(jī)種。第三類中速走絲電火花線切割機(jī)床，準(zhǔn)確地應(yīng)該叫

62、“多速走絲”。是我國獨(dú)創(chuàng)的，其原理是對(duì)工件作多次反復(fù)的切割，開頭用較快絲筒速度、較強(qiáng)高頻來切割，就如現(xiàn)在的快走絲線切割，最后一刀用較慢絲筒速度、較弱高頻電流來修光，從而提高了加工光潔度；而且絲速減低后，導(dǎo)輪和軸承的抖動(dòng)少了，加工精度也提高了；另外，第一刀以最快的速度切割，后來的切割和修光的切割量都非常少，因此，一般三刀切割的時(shí)間加起來也比快走絲的一刀切割要快。 </p><p>　　根據(jù)對(duì)電極絲運(yùn)動(dòng)軌跡的控制形式

63、不同，電火花線切割機(jī)床又可分為三種：一種是模仿形控制，其在進(jìn)行線切割加工前，預(yù)先制造出與工件形狀相同的模，加工時(shí)把工件毛坯和模同時(shí)裝夾在機(jī)床工作臺(tái)上，在切割過程中電極絲緊緊地貼著模邊緣作軌跡移動(dòng)，從而切割出與模形狀和精度相同的工件來；另一種是光電跟蹤控制，其在進(jìn)行線切割加工前，先根據(jù)零件圖樣按一定放大比例描繪出一張光電跟蹤圖，加工時(shí)將圖樣置于機(jī)床的光電跟蹤臺(tái)上，跟蹤臺(tái)上的光電頭始終追隨墨線圖形的軌跡運(yùn)動(dòng)，再借助于電氣、機(jī)械的聯(lián)動(dòng)，控制機(jī)

64、床工作臺(tái)連同工件相對(duì)電極絲做相似形的運(yùn)動(dòng)，從而切割出與圖樣形狀相同的工件來；再一種是數(shù)字程序控制，采用先進(jìn)的數(shù)字化自動(dòng)控制技術(shù)，驅(qū)動(dòng)機(jī)床按照加工前根據(jù)工件幾何形狀參數(shù)預(yù)先編制好的數(shù)控加工程序自動(dòng)完成加工，不需要制作模樣板也無需繪制放大圖，比前面兩種控制形式具有更高的加工精度和廣闊的應(yīng)用范圍，目前國內(nèi)外95％以上的電火花線切割機(jī)床都已采用數(shù)控化。直接數(shù)字控制(DNC)電火花線切割系統(tǒng)可以提高系統(tǒng)的自動(dòng)化水平、總體的生產(chǎn)效率和響應(yīng)速度 。&

65、lt;/p><p>　　2 電火花線切割加工的特點(diǎn)與應(yīng)用 </p><p>　　所謂電火花線切割，就是以移動(dòng)著的細(xì)絲（直徑約在0.5mm以內(nèi)）做電極，在電極絲與工件之間產(chǎn)生火花放電，并同時(shí)按所要求的形狀驅(qū)動(dòng)工件進(jìn)行加工。</p><p>　　電火花線切割加工的特點(diǎn)：</p><p>　?。?）它以0.03～0.35mm的金屬線為電極工具，不需要制

66、造特定形狀的電極。</p><p>　?。?）雖然加工的對(duì)象主要是平面形狀，但是除了有金屬絲直徑?jīng)Q定的內(nèi)側(cè)腳的最小直徑R（金屬線半徑+放電間隙）這樣的限制外，任何的限制外，任何復(fù)雜的開頭都可以加工。</p><p>　　（3）輪廓加工所需加工的余量少，能有效地節(jié)約貴重的材料。</p><p>　?。?）可無視電極絲損耗（高速走絲切割采用低損耗脈沖電源；慢速走絲線切割

67、采用單向連續(xù)供絲，在加工區(qū)總是保持新電極絲加工），加工精度高</p><p>　　（5）依靠微型計(jì)算機(jī)控制電極絲軌跡和間隙補(bǔ)償功能，同時(shí)加工凹凸兩種模具時(shí)，間隙可任意調(diào)節(jié)。</p><p>　?。?）采用乳化液或去離水的工作液，不必?fù)?dān)心發(fā)生火災(zāi)，可以晝夜無人連續(xù)加工。</p><p>　　（7） 電火花線切割能切割加工傳統(tǒng)方法難于加工或無法加工的高硬度、高強(qiáng)度、高脆

68、性、高忍性等導(dǎo)電材料及半導(dǎo)體材料。</p><p>　?。?）任何復(fù)雜開頭的零件，只要能編制加工程序就可以進(jìn)行加工，因而很適合小批零件和試制品的生產(chǎn)加工，加工周期短，應(yīng)用靈活。</p><p>　?。?）采用四軸聯(lián)動(dòng)，可加工上，下面異形體，形狀扭曲曲面體，變錐度和球形等零件。</p><p>　　(10) 加工過程中，工具與工件不直接接觸，不存在顯著的切削力，有利加

69、工低剛度工件。(11)與電火花成形相比，以線電極代替成形電極，省去了成形工具電極的設(shè)計(jì)和制造費(fèi)</p><p>　　用，縮短了生產(chǎn)準(zhǔn)備時(shí)間。</p><p>　　電火花線切割加工的缺點(diǎn)是生產(chǎn)率低，且不能加工盲孔類零件和階梯表面。</p><p>　　電火花線切割加工的應(yīng)用：</p><p>　?。?）試制新產(chǎn)品：在新產(chǎn)品開發(fā)過程中需要單件的樣

70、品，使用線切割直接切割出零件，無需模具，這樣可以大大縮短新產(chǎn)品的開發(fā)周期并降低試制成本。如在沖壓生產(chǎn)時(shí)，未開出落料模時(shí)，先用線切割加工的樣板進(jìn)行成形等后續(xù)加工，得到驗(yàn)證后再制造落料模。</p><p>　　（2）加工特殊材料：切割某些高硬度，高熔點(diǎn)的金屬時(shí)，使用機(jī)加工的方法幾乎是不可能的，而采用線切割加工既經(jīng)濟(jì)又能保證精度。</p><p>　?。?）加工模具零件：電火花線切割加工主要應(yīng)用

71、于沖模、擠壓模、塑料模、電火花型腔模的電極加工等，由于電火花線切割加工速度和精度的迅速提高，目前已達(dá)到可與坐標(biāo)磨床相競爭的程度。例如，中小型沖模，材料為模具鋼，過去用分開模和曲線磨削的方法加工，現(xiàn)在改用電火花線切割整體加工的方法，制造周期可縮短3/4~5/4，成本降低2/3~3/4，配合精度高，不需要熟練的操作工作。因此，一些工業(yè)發(fā)達(dá)國家的精密沖的磨削等工序，已被電火花和電火花線切割加工所代替。</p><p>

72、　　電火花線切割加工的應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域：</p><p>　　電火花線切割主要用于各種沖模、塑料模、粉末冶金模等二維及三維直紋面組成的模具及零件。也可切割各種樣板、磁鋼、硅鋼片、半導(dǎo)體材料或貴重金屬，還可進(jìn)行微細(xì)加工，異形槽和試件上標(biāo)準(zhǔn)缺陷的加工。廣泛用于電子儀器、精密機(jī)床、輕工、軍工等。</p><p>　?。?）平面形狀的金屬模加工：沖模、粉末冶金模、拉拔模、擠壓模的加工</p>

73、<p>　　（2）立體形狀的金屬模加工：沖模用凹模的退刀槽加工、塑料用金屬壓模、塑料模分離面加工</p><p>　?。?）電火花成形加工：用電極制作形狀復(fù)雜的微細(xì)電極的加工、一般穿孔用電極的加工、帶錐度型模電極的加工</p><p>　?。?）試制品及零件加工：試制零件的直接加工、批量小品種多的零件加工、特殊材料的零件加工、材料試件的加工</p><p&g

74、t;　　（5）輪廓量規(guī)的加工：各種卡板量具的加工，凸輪及模板的加工，成形車的成形加工</p><p>　　（6）微細(xì)加工：化纖噴嘴加工、異形槽和窄槽加工、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)缺陷加工</p><p>　　3　電火花線切割加工技術(shù)的現(xiàn)狀</p><p>　　目前，電火花線切割機(jī)的切割速度已由過去的20～40㎜²/min普遍提高到100mm²/min以上，有的可達(dá)到

75、260mm²/min，機(jī)床的加工精度為±0.01mm，工件的表面粗糙度為Ra1.25～2.5μm,因而可滿足一般模具加工和其他復(fù)雜零件制造的要求。隨著科學(xué)技術(shù)的發(fā)展，對(duì)各類產(chǎn)品的制造要求越來越高，對(duì)線切割加工技術(shù)也提出了更高的要求。國外(歐美、日本等)研究發(fā)展的數(shù)控低速走絲電火花線切割機(jī)為適應(yīng)對(duì)制造加工技術(shù)的要求，采用閉環(huán)數(shù)字交(直)流伺服控制系統(tǒng)，確保優(yōu)良的動(dòng)態(tài)性能和高定位精度，加工精度可控制在若干微米以內(nèi)。同時(shí)機(jī)

76、床具有數(shù)字自適應(yīng)控制電源、自動(dòng)穿絲、自動(dòng)卸除廢料、短路自動(dòng)回退等自動(dòng)化技術(shù)，此外對(duì)電極絲張力和工作液壓力也可進(jìn)行控制。由于使用了新技術(shù)并注重計(jì)算機(jī)軟件技術(shù)的更新和發(fā)展，低速走絲線切割機(jī)的工藝指標(biāo)已達(dá)到了相當(dāng)高的水平。即使對(duì)形狀復(fù)雜零件的加工，最高切割速度也可超過300mm²/min；尺寸精度可達(dá)到±2～5μm；表面粗糙度可達(dá)到Ra0.1～0.2μm(多次切割)。機(jī)床的自動(dòng)化程度高，加工穩(wěn)定性好，已向無人化加工發(fā)展。&

77、lt;/p><p>　　電火花線切割加工技術(shù)的發(fā)展趨勢：</p><p>　　電火花線切割機(jī)由于受到電極絲損耗、機(jī)械部分的結(jié)構(gòu)與精度、進(jìn)給系統(tǒng)的開環(huán)控制、加工中工作液導(dǎo)電率的變化、加工環(huán)境的溫度變化及本身加工的特點(diǎn)(如運(yùn)絲速度快、振源比較多、導(dǎo)輪磨損大)等因素影響，機(jī)床的加工精度有限。以目前機(jī)床的現(xiàn)狀，要在較短的時(shí)間內(nèi)與低速走絲線切割機(jī)在加工精度方面進(jìn)行競爭，困難是相當(dāng)大的，而且研究開發(fā)的代價(jià)

78、也會(huì)很高，機(jī)床的制造成本將大幅度提高，從現(xiàn)實(shí)和市場的角度來考慮都是不太適宜的。因此，電火花線切割機(jī)的發(fā)展策略是揚(yáng)長避短，以發(fā)展中低檔機(jī)床為主，使機(jī)床向適當(dāng)加工精度、良好的加工穩(wěn)定性和容易操作的方向發(fā)展，來滿足不斷發(fā)展的生產(chǎn)需要。目前市場上高速走絲線切割機(jī)最大的優(yōu)勢在于擁有良好的性能價(jià)格比，機(jī)床的進(jìn)一步發(fā)展必須以此為基本出發(fā)點(diǎn)，不能過分強(qiáng)調(diào)機(jī)床加工精度，而忽視機(jī)床性能價(jià)格比的因素。如違背這一原則，機(jī)床制造商和用戶都難以接受。為在較短的時(shí)間

79、內(nèi)，使電火花線切割機(jī)的加工性能有較大的提高。電火花線切割機(jī)要進(jìn)一步發(fā)展，必須擺脫單板機(jī)作為數(shù)控系統(tǒng)，采用新的數(shù)控系統(tǒng)。目前國內(nèi)已有基于PC的高速走絲線切割機(jī)數(shù)控系統(tǒng)，但其主要功能是加工軌跡編程，機(jī)床加工控制功能還很不完善，沒有充分利用PC的資</p><p><b>　　4 結(jié)論</b></p><p>　　目前國內(nèi)已開始進(jìn)行人工智能技術(shù)在電火花線切割加工中的研究，

80、然而研究的深度和廣度還很不夠。還有許多方面有待進(jìn)一步研究：</p><p>　　(1)電火花線切割機(jī)的伺服進(jìn)給變頻調(diào)節(jié)一直依靠操作人員，因此操作人員的工作強(qiáng)度大，機(jī)床性能的發(fā)揮受到限制。模糊控制技術(shù)是人工智能技術(shù)中的一個(gè)重要方面，它能模仿熟練工人對(duì)機(jī)床進(jìn)行控制，已在電火花成形機(jī)上成功地應(yīng)用，在電火花線切割加工中具有良好的應(yīng)用前景。</p><p>　　(2)總結(jié)多年來高速走絲線切割加工工藝

81、研究成果，建立相應(yīng)的知識(shí)庫和專家系統(tǒng)，降低機(jī)床的操作難度是十分必要的。</p><p>　　(3)在加工參數(shù)自適應(yīng)等方面能有所作為。</p><p>　　將最新發(fā)展的人工智能技術(shù)引入到電火花線切割機(jī)中，研制高速走絲線切割機(jī)的智能化控制部件和執(zhí)行機(jī)構(gòu)，這與當(dāng)前國家優(yōu)先發(fā)展高技術(shù)產(chǎn)業(yè)是一致的，具有重要的實(shí)際意義。</p><p><b>　　參考文獻(xiàn)：<

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