外文資料翻譯--工業(yè)工程的真正價(jià)值

1、<p>　　畢業(yè)論文外文資料翻譯</p><p>　　附件1：外文資料翻譯譯文</p><p><b>　　工業(yè)工程的真正價(jià)值</b></p><p>　　工業(yè)工程師非常善于解決問題。可是具有諷刺性的卻是他們?nèi)杂幸粋€(gè)長期性的問題得不到解決----一致性。而且這個(gè)問題解決起來一直很困難。事實(shí)上，“一致性”恰好是目前工業(yè)工程領(lǐng)域所面臨的眾

2、多挑戰(zhàn)性問題之一。</p><p>　　今天激烈的世界競爭和緊張的公司預(yù)算都迫使工業(yè)工程師們?nèi)ソ鉀Q被人們忽視很久的問題。公司開始重新組合團(tuán)隊(duì)結(jié)構(gòu)；工業(yè)工程部被逐漸被取消或者重新命名；而且大學(xué)和學(xué)院也承擔(dān)著向工業(yè)界提供被更好的培訓(xùn)而掌握了更廣泛工作能力的畢業(yè)生的壓力。</p><p>　　另一方面，現(xiàn)在的工業(yè)工程師可以使用許多他們30年前的同行想都想不到的技術(shù)和工具。新技術(shù)已經(jīng)提高了精確度和

3、速度并逐漸提高了工業(yè)工程師們解決更多樣問題的能力。</p><p>　　值得一提的是，工業(yè)工程現(xiàn)在有更多的機(jī)會(huì)去集中于現(xiàn)在許多企業(yè)已經(jīng)視為獨(dú)立的學(xué)科的眾多領(lǐng)域中的一個(gè)-----包括防真學(xué)、運(yùn)籌學(xué)、人因?qū)W、物料搬運(yùn)和物流學(xué)。</p><p><b>　　命名問題</b></p><p>　　什么問題可能會(huì)在如此明亮的機(jī)會(huì)陣列上投下陰影呢？對(duì)于初學(xué)

4、者來說，隨著工業(yè)工程新的機(jī)遇的產(chǎn)生，諸如工業(yè)工程師到底能勝任什么樣的工作問題也隨之產(chǎn)生。</p><p>　　曾經(jīng)，定義工業(yè)工程是很容易的?！肮I(yè)工程那時(shí)候在解決問題，制訂工作標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和工作簡明化方面很簡單”有限公司的經(jīng)理卡羅.徹羅賓如是說?！暗乾F(xiàn)在需要放棄那些落后的工業(yè)工程定義了?！?</p><p>　　甚至現(xiàn)在，在許多公司，工業(yè)工程仍然在從事那些現(xiàn)在看來是經(jīng)典工業(yè)工程的傳統(tǒng)的工作。“埃

5、斯曼.柯達(dá)公司的人力資源部經(jīng)理約翰帕娃說：“最大的變化就是工業(yè)工程領(lǐng)域的商業(yè)化使它們成為具有競爭性的舒適職業(yè)?！倍遥I(yè)工程師已經(jīng)適應(yīng)了這種競爭技能。他們現(xiàn)在正在爭取這份工作。</p><p>　　聯(lián)合包裝服務(wù)公司的工業(yè)工程經(jīng)理杰瑞說：“如果一個(gè)人不能對(duì)整項(xiàng)工作做全面把握而只是將注意力放在個(gè)別的方面，那么結(jié)果就不會(huì)令人滿意?！崩?，諾龍博格博士說他公司有一個(gè)由40到50個(gè)人組成的專門從事計(jì)算機(jī)尖端技術(shù)的研究小組

6、，這些人曾被稱做工業(yè)工程師，但是，即使他們沒被予以這種頭銜，他們所做的還是工業(yè)工程的工作可以被稱做工業(yè)工程，這取決于你如何組織這個(gè)團(tuán)隊(duì)。 </p><p>　　不管是否真的這樣，專業(yè)化是目前的趨勢就，而且企業(yè)也在向這個(gè)方向發(fā)展。許多企業(yè)在這個(gè)經(jīng)濟(jì)時(shí)代的要求下都在重組公司結(jié)構(gòu)，以期能夠是組織有效能，可以節(jié)約開支并加快決策的進(jìn)度。而在工業(yè)工程部門，專業(yè)化的趨勢是工業(yè)工程不在是普通的工業(yè)工程而是具有專業(yè)的作用或者是個(gè)正

7、在改善的行業(yè)。從前的工業(yè)工程部已經(jīng)被分解或者重新命名。現(xiàn)在他們已經(jīng)部分成為質(zhì)量改善工程，質(zhì)量服務(wù)或者工程服務(wù)，僅是名字多一點(diǎn)。 </p><p>　　帕娃說：“我所看到的就是企業(yè)都在減少使用工業(yè)工程這個(gè)名字而在嘗試使用些更新的描述這些技能的名字。”</p><p>　　許多人，包括格萊斯公司的工業(yè)工程經(jīng)理瑞貝卡瑞都認(rèn)為，這是正確方向上的一步。而且她的部門也要命名為績效改善工程了。她還說：“

8、工業(yè)工程可能是工程專業(yè)僅有的堅(jiān)持要求把自己的地位建立在本部門之上的專業(yè)”?！拔覀円呀?jīng)過多的注重維護(hù)我們的地位而忽略了我們對(duì)公司所起的作用?！?lt;/p><p>　　亨利福得保健設(shè)備公司的副主席文納德.沙尼博士也同意她的觀點(diǎn).他說:”我從未發(fā)現(xiàn)有機(jī)械工程部,我們最大的困難就是平等看待工業(yè)工程部門,但機(jī)械工程專業(yè)的人卻有很多就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)且就業(yè)范圍廣泛.”</p><p>　　佐治亞的波音公司的工業(yè)工

9、程經(jīng)理托尼.萬斯認(rèn)為一個(gè)人的工作決定于他所學(xué)習(xí)的技能使他所學(xué)有所用而不是取決于他在哪個(gè)部門工作.而且他認(rèn)為工業(yè)工程師已經(jīng)為這個(gè)問題困擾了許多年.而巴勒斯管理培訓(xùn)服務(wù)公司的唐納德.巴勒斯卻持有相反意見.他說:”如果這種分解繼續(xù)的話,工業(yè)工程的職責(zé)就會(huì)改變.就象我們?cè)谖侄止究吹降囊粯?我們就會(huì)到這種影響將會(huì)造成這個(gè)行業(yè)的失業(yè).</p><p>　　但是,對(duì)于工業(yè)工程部的整合也并不會(huì)給工業(yè)工程師帶來工作.許多大企業(yè)

10、的工業(yè)工程部里僅有少量的工業(yè)工程師.拿波音公司做個(gè)例子,波音公司有一些大的工業(yè)工程部,但是其中只有2個(gè)或三個(gè)人有工業(yè)工程學(xué)位.通過萬斯來看,那是因?yàn)椴块T里的某些函數(shù)太多樣了.</p><p>　　將工業(yè)工程部重新命名以明確描述其具體職能,其間所出現(xiàn)的問題與其說與實(shí)際完成的工作有關(guān)倒不如說與問題的表象有關(guān).工業(yè)工程師們?cè)谕瓿稍S多專業(yè)性工作的過程中的工作原則極少得到承認(rèn).實(shí)際上,工業(yè)工程師們的個(gè)體作用和技能通常被管理

11、學(xué)認(rèn)為是工業(yè)工程學(xué).結(jié)果,擁有這些技能中的某一項(xiàng)的人被錯(cuò)誤的認(rèn)為是”工業(yè)工程師”</p><p>　　然而,那些懂得工業(yè)工程的真正價(jià)值的人依然意識(shí)到工業(yè)工程這個(gè)專業(yè)給了這份工作一個(gè)與眾不同的思考途徑.</p><p>　　萬斯說:”你可以教一個(gè)沒有專業(yè)基礎(chǔ)的人一些基本重要的工作,但是你卻不能教他們?nèi)绾瘟私夂娃D(zhuǎn)化看到的問題并找出方法去解決這個(gè)問題.</p><p>　

12、　任職于華特.迪斯尼世界公司的工業(yè)工程部經(jīng)理愛瑞.沃侖斯從部雇用非工業(yè)工程專業(yè)的人.她說:”我堅(jiān)持這樣做是因?yàn)槿绻愎陀昧艘慌鷮I(yè)的工業(yè)工程人士,那么他們具備我們需要的獨(dú)特的能力.在華特.迪斯尼,這種獨(dú)特的能力包括他們做質(zhì)量分析的能力.你需要一個(gè)工業(yè)工程的畢業(yè)生從事這種工作.”</p><p>　　沃侖斯說當(dāng)雇用工業(yè)工程技術(shù)類型的專業(yè)人員時(shí),他們就不需要通過參加工業(yè)工程課程來獲得解決基本技術(shù)問題所要的技能了.&l

13、t;/p><p><b>　　課程</b></p><p>　　既然對(duì)于工業(yè)工程師必須具有技術(shù)素質(zhì)已經(jīng)成為共識(shí),那么大學(xué)和學(xué)院必須使工業(yè)界相信提供現(xiàn)代的工業(yè)工程畢業(yè)生是很必要的.表面現(xiàn)象通常是不可信的.</p><p>　　事實(shí)上,盡管工業(yè)工程與技術(shù)鑒定委員會(huì)鑒定了美國的許多工業(yè)工程與工業(yè)工程技術(shù)項(xiàng)目,但這些項(xiàng)目之間仍然存在很大的區(qū)別和靈活性.事實(shí)

14、的根據(jù)可以從最近澳大利亞機(jī)械和制造工業(yè)學(xué)校的工業(yè)工程管理小組的研究中得到證實(shí).該學(xué)校隸屬于機(jī)械和制造工程技術(shù)小組.</p><p>　　學(xué)校開始行動(dòng)起來改變工業(yè)工程學(xué)的名字和地位.學(xué)校的目標(biāo)之一就是幫助管理人員和政府重新評(píng)估工業(yè)工程學(xué)的價(jià)值.</p><p>　　在研究的準(zhǔn)備過程中,工業(yè)工程管理小組檢查了150多所在本科階段有資格教授工程課程的學(xué)校并在其中隨機(jī)抽出37所來進(jìn)行分析.<

15、/p><p>　　這樣的主要目的是分析工業(yè)工程課程的數(shù)量和質(zhì)量.對(duì)于SIT的沙揚(yáng)和哈姆丹尼來說,最重要的一點(diǎn)是工業(yè)工程的范圍沒有標(biāo)準(zhǔn)限制.</p><p><b>　　其他階段</b></p><p>　　當(dāng)前兩個(gè)主要的項(xiàng)目目的在于全面提高由美國自然科學(xué)基金委員會(huì)負(fù)責(zé)的,包括東南大學(xué)和學(xué)院工程教育聯(lián)合會(huì)以及由工業(yè)工程理事會(huì)和工業(yè)工程學(xué)術(shù)部門組成的工

16、業(yè)工程師學(xué)會(huì)的學(xué)術(shù)水平.</p><p>　　在1992年3月由美國自然科學(xué)基金委員會(huì)資助的東南大學(xué)和學(xué)院工程聯(lián)合會(huì),旨在提高工程類本科教育的水平.這個(gè)聯(lián)合會(huì)開創(chuàng)了一個(gè)新的學(xué)科模式,課程2 1,目標(biāo)主要集中在諸如調(diào)整課程和提高畢業(yè)生的數(shù)量和質(zhì)量方面.</p><p>　　第二個(gè)項(xiàng)目開始于1990年秋.由工業(yè)工程理事會(huì)和工業(yè)工程系統(tǒng)理事會(huì)進(jìn)行.工業(yè)工程理事會(huì)(負(fù)責(zé)公司工業(yè)工程事業(yè)的公司領(lǐng)導(dǎo))

17、還特別的與工業(yè)工程系統(tǒng)理事會(huì)(大學(xué)和學(xué)院的98位學(xué)科代表)進(jìn)行了例行會(huì)晤.目的是更好的限定工業(yè)在學(xué)術(shù)方面的需要范圍.工業(yè)工程學(xué)會(huì)從中協(xié)助這兩個(gè)組織通知學(xué)術(shù)界.這些會(huì)議的最終結(jié)果是產(chǎn)生了一系列有特色的概念,從而幫助學(xué)術(shù)界設(shè)計(jì)先進(jìn)的本科工業(yè)工程課程.</p><p>　　這并不是說這些組織試圖標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化工業(yè)工程的課程,而是說他們正努力提供一些基本的準(zhǔn)則.主要的并不是工業(yè)工程課程是否應(yīng)該在所有的大學(xué)里統(tǒng)一標(biāo)準(zhǔn),而是工業(yè)界和

18、學(xué)術(shù)界的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人已開始認(rèn)同不可能在每個(gè)學(xué)校開設(shè)一樣的課程.</p><p>　　克拉克.瑞說:”我不認(rèn)為工業(yè)工程課程能象餅干一樣被分來分去.”</p><p>　　出現(xiàn)的問題是所提供的專業(yè)學(xué)生類型和工業(yè)界所需要人才之間的理解誤差.大多數(shù)工業(yè)界領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人都承認(rèn)大中專院校提供的學(xué)生還是具有技術(shù)能力的.佐侖.貝格說,希望工業(yè)工程專業(yè)的學(xué)生通曉工業(yè)工程的各個(gè)方面是不現(xiàn)實(shí)的.學(xué)生只需要學(xué)習(xí)在校期間工程的科

19、目,足以幫他們了解工業(yè)工程的準(zhǔn)則和固定的基礎(chǔ)學(xué)術(shù)知識(shí)就可以了.這樣的畢業(yè)生就能按自己的設(shè)想在特定的領(lǐng)域使自己的知識(shí)專業(yè)化</p><p>　　佐侖.貝格認(rèn)為期望讓學(xué)生在學(xué)校學(xué)到將來在工作中遇到的所有問題拿幾乎使不可能的.他說:”我不確定任何人可以在4年學(xué)生生涯中學(xué)到所需要的所有技能.我想這樣對(duì)學(xué)校和孩子都是不公平的.</p><p><b>　　期望值</b><

20、/p><p>　　工業(yè)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人所期望的使學(xué)生有能力在他們所處的環(huán)境中進(jìn)行操作.這些有缺陷的領(lǐng)域包括交際能力,計(jì)算機(jī)知識(shí),商業(yè)技能,質(zhì)量管理技能和尊重高層領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人員.對(duì)于不同崗位的畢業(yè)生有不同的要求,所以對(duì)于技能的要求也是不同的. </p><p>　　工作于服務(wù)性公司的瓦拉斯認(rèn)為如今的學(xué)生在許多領(lǐng)域都接受了很好的培養(yǎng).他們具有所需的計(jì)算機(jī)技能,她說她仍然看到許多畢業(yè)生不具備很好的計(jì)算機(jī)技能,”今天

21、,這個(gè)技能是必要的.”</p><p>　　在瑞納德金屬公司從事制造性工業(yè)工程的杰克.布朗德利認(rèn)為現(xiàn)在的學(xué)生比過去的學(xué)生教育的好,但是他們對(duì)于將從事的工作卻有一些錯(cuò)誤的概念.他說:”許多學(xué)生認(rèn)為坐在電腦前就是他們的工作.可是,電腦只是一個(gè)工具,這個(gè)工具只是協(xié)助你去工作.然后你還是要做其它或者繼續(xù)你的工作.”他認(rèn)為學(xué)校的在職教育是一個(gè)很好的教育學(xué)生的方法.</p><p>　　薩尼從全面教育

22、方面考慮認(rèn)為學(xué)校在學(xué)習(xí)期間給了學(xué)生適當(dāng)?shù)慕逃?卻沒有給學(xué)生在其它領(lǐng)域接受全面教育的機(jī)會(huì).學(xué)校認(rèn)為專業(yè)課才是工作資格的根本.所以課程安排被嚴(yán)格的控制著.而不認(rèn)為人的學(xué)問是多樣化的.或換句話說,他們認(rèn)為在所有所需要的課程結(jié)束后,競爭就會(huì)減小,這樣做的結(jié)果就是許多畢業(yè)生明顯缺少寫作和自我表達(dá)的能力.</p><p>　　其它許多工業(yè)工程師都使用多門交流技巧,要推銷自己的想法和計(jì)劃給管理部門.可這對(duì)于工業(yè)工程的畢業(yè)生來說

23、是個(gè)很大的挑戰(zhàn).在可口可樂公司工作的工業(yè)工程經(jīng)理如瑟.卡特米說,他經(jīng)常碰到新錄用的缺少交流技巧的畢業(yè)生,可口可樂公司只有在職員學(xué)會(huì)公共演講和起草報(bào)告的時(shí)候才停止教育他們.他說在工業(yè)界你真正需要的一些基本的東西就是怎樣去很好的展示自己.</p><p>　　學(xué)校解決這個(gè)其它工程學(xué)也存在的問題的方法就是在學(xué)習(xí)中設(shè)置一些非技術(shù)方面的學(xué)科,但這些學(xué)科集中在商務(wù)管理,工程管理,經(jīng)濟(jì)計(jì)劃和經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展. </p>

24、<p>　　個(gè)別學(xué)校還甚至同時(shí)授予工業(yè)工程學(xué)位和經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)位以期使學(xué)生找到制造工程方面的工作.但是,萬斯卻不認(rèn)為工業(yè)工程課程跟隨商業(yè)路線是最好的途徑.他說:’我認(rèn)為如果我們沒有學(xué)到技術(shù)知識(shí),最多我們看起來是一個(gè)有用的經(jīng)濟(jì)人才.”</p><p>　　另一個(gè)工業(yè)工程專業(yè)要考慮的是使工業(yè)工程的作用專業(yè)化(例如,運(yùn)籌學(xué),物料搬運(yùn),人因?qū)W,人力因素等)并且讓他們的作用市場化.例如,象徹如賓所說的,如果一個(gè)學(xué)生對(duì)物料

25、搬運(yùn)有興趣并想成為工業(yè)工程師,他就需要選擇一個(gè)非常專業(yè)的學(xué)校去學(xué)習(xí).這樣對(duì)于學(xué)生的就業(yè)就有很大的幫助.并且他說:”不要讓學(xué)生遠(yuǎn)離工作環(huán)境,而是讓他們以開始就決定自己的職業(yè).”</p><p>　　萬斯有相似的觀點(diǎn),他說:”或許大學(xué)造就的工業(yè)工程師們就應(yīng)該訓(xùn)練成為專業(yè)部門的一份子.”</p><p>　　瑞認(rèn)為問題也許不是教授什么學(xué)科而是用什么方法去教,她說:”大學(xué)里的工業(yè)工程課程應(yīng)該教學(xué)生

26、獨(dú)自去作業(yè).” </p><p>　　瑞強(qiáng)調(diào)說:”學(xué)生總是模仿他們所崇拜的人,在大學(xué)里,如果學(xué)生看到他們的教授在他們的領(lǐng)域獨(dú)立操作而不涉及其它學(xué)科,這些學(xué)生就會(huì)覺得他們不需要?jiǎng)e人的幫助就能解決問題.”</p><p>　　她說她用了18個(gè)月的時(shí)間去培訓(xùn)新雇用的畢業(yè)生,使他們了解到在她的組織中每個(gè)人都是團(tuán)隊(duì)中的一份子,這樣才有助于信息的暢通無阻.</p><p>&l

27、t;b>　　未來方向</b></p><p>　　工業(yè)工程行業(yè)所面臨的這些挑戰(zhàn)會(huì)使一些人擔(dān)心工業(yè)工程師的前途,然而,如果每個(gè)工業(yè)工程師都承擔(dān)起變化的實(shí)施者而不是變化的追隨者的角色,則廣泛的機(jī)會(huì)就會(huì)出現(xiàn).</p><p>　　有人發(fā)現(xiàn)傳統(tǒng)的工業(yè)工程中的價(jià)值也在更新,但是需要分析和評(píng)估.美國沃博公司的高級(jí)工程師E.富蘭克林.萊溫斯頓作為一個(gè)汽化器和加油器的制造師應(yīng)用通用汽車世

28、界收購公司副總裁J.納西歐.羅伯茨的話說:”他希望未來的5年中將大幅度削減購買所需的資金.”</p><p>　　利溫斯頓指出格瑞斯勒和伏特也將這樣做。并對(duì)供應(yīng)商提出相同的要求。如果真是這樣的話，利溫斯頓預(yù)言在未來的10年有可能重點(diǎn)放在如何使工業(yè)工程更便利上。他說：“我不認(rèn)為它會(huì)象25年前那樣實(shí)施。</p><p>　　有些人認(rèn)為工業(yè)工程在系統(tǒng)和程序中起領(lǐng)頭的作用。由于質(zhì)量運(yùn)做使程序化思想

29、在這幾年傳播迅猛。在質(zhì)量運(yùn)做中尋求更廣機(jī)遇和進(jìn)步的工業(yè)工程師們現(xiàn)在關(guān)注所有的程序，而不僅僅是一個(gè)特別的工作或商業(yè)作用。</p><p>　　信息技術(shù)和業(yè)務(wù)流程再造這兩個(gè)領(lǐng)域未來對(duì)工業(yè)工程師們特別重要。隨著信息技術(shù)的發(fā)展，先進(jìn)的技術(shù)將影響企業(yè)在下個(gè)世紀(jì)的商業(yè)進(jìn)程。信息技術(shù)和業(yè)務(wù)流程再造的聯(lián)合操作有創(chuàng)造一個(gè)新型的工業(yè)工程的潛力。它將改變實(shí)用的準(zhǔn)則和實(shí)際操作的技能。</p><p>　　商業(yè)過程

30、的重新商業(yè)化提供了大量的機(jī)會(huì)，但是許多工業(yè)工程師卻不愿意去研究。結(jié)果，管理人員一直不愿意去采取方法去制止。帕沃說：“如果我們遇到了問題，這些問題也是由于我們自己的所作所為和不愿意在一些重大的改進(jìn)活動(dòng)中承擔(dān)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)角色所造成的?！?lt;/p><p>　　有一個(gè)領(lǐng)域工業(yè)工程師們沒有拒絕參與，那就是聯(lián)合設(shè)備領(lǐng)域。如果聯(lián)合機(jī)器繼續(xù)以它目前的效率發(fā)展的話，那么這個(gè)特殊的角色將可能回報(bào)那些有技術(shù)和知識(shí)又看好它的人。NSF的設(shè)計(jì)制造

31、部門的托馬斯.霍其遜說：“這就是工業(yè)工程師的特別作用。”</p><p>　　結(jié)果，工業(yè)工程的技術(shù)人員可掌握傳統(tǒng)工業(yè)工程，而工業(yè)工程師將從事咨詢工作，更不用說工業(yè)工程師可以培養(yǎng)那些需要這樣技術(shù)的人了。</p><p>　　然而，霍其遜說：“聯(lián)合設(shè)備剛剛打開市場，如果工業(yè)工程師不能解決聯(lián)合帶來的挑戰(zhàn)，那么別的人將介入并且將縮小工業(yè)工程的用途。他說：“我們需要增加對(duì)其它工程學(xué)科的了解，這樣才能

32、更好的做好我們的工作，我們還要增強(qiáng)運(yùn)用現(xiàn)有的高速發(fā)展的計(jì)算機(jī)的能力?！?lt;/p><p><b>　　更多挑戰(zhàn)</b></p><p>　　不管前景如何，對(duì)于工業(yè)工程最大的威脅就是人們不了解這個(gè)行業(yè)。目前經(jīng)濟(jì)要求每個(gè)企業(yè)都節(jié)約開支并尋找方法減負(fù)的情況下，總裁和經(jīng)理們要努力掌握使用的工業(yè)工程知識(shí)。但是，許多執(zhí)行總裁和人力資源經(jīng)理卻在學(xué)習(xí)適合工業(yè)工程師的相關(guān)學(xué)科。瓦倫斯說：

33、“既然工業(yè)工程師事能節(jié)約開銷的人，那么這樣做就很愚蠢?！睘槭裁磿?huì)發(fā)生這樣的事情呢？因?yàn)楣I(yè)工程師需要做一份好的工作以此來向管理部門顯示他們的能力和才華。然而，TOM和商業(yè)流程再造提出巨大的挑戰(zhàn)時(shí)，工業(yè)工程部卻不具備相關(guān)的專業(yè)知識(shí)。讓人難過的是企業(yè)要求人員解決的專業(yè)工作正是工業(yè)工程師所學(xué)的?，F(xiàn)在是讓工業(yè)工程師推銷自己的時(shí)候了。 帕沃說：“我們?cè)谡宫F(xiàn)和推銷自我方面做的很不好，其實(shí)只有用這種方法我們才能真正認(rèn)識(shí)到自己的任務(wù)、能力和我所想展示的

34、自己真正的作用?！?lt;/p><p>　　工業(yè)工程師們必須采取主動(dòng)并把自己作為所有工業(yè)變化的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者，事實(shí)上也就是實(shí)施者。周侖.貝格說：“我認(rèn)為我們有必要作為領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人走在前列，而不是靜坐等著別人來要求我們?nèi)スぷ?。?lt;/p><p>　　那么，關(guān)于一致性的問題呢？亨瑞曼電梯公司的主席亨瑞曼很好的總結(jié)說：“如果我們知道如何有效的發(fā)揮專業(yè)作用，并且尊重和明白我們的貢獻(xiàn)，那么命名的游戲就會(huì)結(jié)束?！?lt

35、;/p><p>　　關(guān)鍵就是“我們”。如果每個(gè)工業(yè)界和學(xué)術(shù)界的工業(yè)工程師都聯(lián)合起來迎接挑戰(zhàn)，并且讓別的企業(yè)和個(gè)人了解到工業(yè)工程師的許多才能，那么長期困擾我們的一致性的問題將會(huì)不攻自破。</p><p><b>　　附件2：外文原文</b></p><p>　　Real IE Value</p><p>　　Industria

36、l engineers are great at solving problems. Ironically enough, there is still one age-old problem they unable to solve-identity. And the problem is not getting any to solve. In fact,“ identity” is just one of several chal

37、lenges currently facing the IE profession.</p><p>　　Today’s competitive global economy and tighter corporate budgets are forcing IEs to deal with issues that were barely mentioned a decade ago. Companies are

38、 flattening corporate structures; IE departments are being eliminated or renamed; and universities and colleges are under even greater pressure to provide industry with graduates who are better trained to handle a much w

39、ider variety of job responsibilities.</p><p>　　On the other hand, today’s IE has at his or her disposal more technology and tools than the IE of 30 years ago could have ever imagined. New technologies have i

40、mproved accuracy and speed and generally have increased the IE’s ability to cover a more diverse set of interests.</p><p>　　In addition, the IE now has a greater opportunity to concentrate on any one of a br

41、oad variety of areas that many companies now recognize as individual departments-including simulation, operations research, ergonomics, material handling and logistics.</p><p>　　The name game</p><

42、p>　　What problems could possibly throw a shadow on such a bright array of opportunities? For starters, as new opportunities have developed for the IE, new questions have formed about what types of jobs the industrial

43、engineer is qualified to perform.</p><p>　　At one time, it was easier to define what an IE did .” Industrial engineering was simple in those days when we dealt with methods, work standards and work simplific

44、ation,” says Carlos Cherubin, director of engineering for The Limited Co. “But there has to be some way to get past the old industrial engineering definition.”</p><p>　　Even today, in many companies, IEs are

45、 still performing type of work that makes up what is now considered classical IE.” “The big change is that the commercialization of a lot of these areas have turned them into ‘niche thrusts,’” says John Powers, director

46、of the management service department at Eastman Kodak Co. While IEs have always been very adaptable to these “thrusts” as a skill set, he says ,they are now competing for the headlines.</p><p>　　Says Jerry Z

47、ollenberg, director of IE for United Parcel Service, “If a person loses slight of the total job and stars looking at the individual pieces, it comes out a little hairy.” For example, Zollenberg says that he has an operat

48、ions research(OR) group of 40 to 50 individual who are working on the cutting edge of computer technology. At one time these people were designated as IEs. But Zollenberg says that even through they are not called IEs, t

49、he job they are doing is certainly IE-oriented a</p><p>　　Like it or not, the trend today is specialization, and companies are following suit. Tough economic times are forcing many companies to redefine corp

50、orate structures, with a primary goal of flatting their organization in an attempt to cut costs and speed the decision-making process. In the case of the IE department, that trend has moved departmental names from the ge

51、neric “IE” to special functions or areas that are being performed. Former IE departments have been decentralized or renamed and are</p><p>　　“What I see is companies getting away from the IE name and trying

52、to have names that are more descriptive of the broader set of skills,” says Powers.</p><p>　　For many, including Rebecca Ray, IE manager at Glaxo Inc., it is a step in the right direction. Her department wil

53、l soon carry the title Performance Improvement Engineering.” IE is probably the only engineering profession that insists on wearing its degree on its departmental door,” she says. “we have focused too much on maintaining

54、 our degree, instead of identifying our function within our company.” </p><p>　　Dr. Vinod Sahney, corporate vice president at Henry Ford health Syste engineering department,” he says, “I have never seen a me

55、chanical engineering department. “One of our biggest difficulties is we equate industrial engineering department, but they are hired and get a wide-range of jobs.”</p><p>　　Tony Vieth, IE manager at Boeing G

56、eorgia Inc., believes that the individual person, depending on how they are trained, can bring the rights skills to the right job and they do not need to be in a department called industrial engineering. He also thinks I

57、Es have gotten hung up on what over the years. On the other hand, the decentralized type of environment appears more threatening to others. “If we assume that decentralized will continue to the point of transferring IE r

58、esponsibilities to others,</p><p>　　But, a centralized IE department does not guarantee employment for the industrial engineer. Many large companies have “IE” departments where only a handful of industrial e

59、ngineers can be found. An example is Boeing. Boeing has some very large IE departments, but often less than two or three people within the department have IE degrees. According to Vieth, it is because some of the functio

60、ns within the department are so diverse</p><p>　　Problems associated with renaming IE departments to describe their particular function may have more to do with appearance than with the actual job being perf

61、ormed. While IEs actually perform many of the specialized jobs, little credit is given to IE principles used in the approach. In fact, it often turns out that many of the individual functions and skills used by IEs are v

62、iewed by management as industrial engineering. As a result, individuals who can master one of those skills are mistakenly </p><p>　　Yet, those who understand the real value of industrial engineering still re

63、alize that the degreed IE brings to the job a unique way of thinking.</p><p>　　“There are things you can teach non-degreed people that are basic repetitive tasks,” says Vieth. “But what you can’t teach is ho

64、w to take what you see, translate it and recognize there is a problem, and then come up with a solution to that problem.”</p><p>　　Erin Wallace, director of IE at Walt Disney World Co., would not hire anyone

65、 who was not a degreed IE. “I insist on it,” she says. “When you’ve got a group of people who are distinctly IEs, they carry with them what we like to refer to as distinct competencies. Those distinct competencies for an

66、 IE at Walt Disney World include their ability to do quantitative analysis. You need an IE degree to be able to do that type of work.”</p><p>　　Wallace says that when someone hires IE technology-type majors,

67、 they do not get some of the rudimentary problem solving skills acquired from taking engineering courses.</p><p>　　Curriculum</p><p>　　Since there is a favorable consensus about the technical qu

68、alification of degreed IEs, universities and colleges must be doing all industry believes is necessary to prepare today’s IE students. Appearances may be deceiving.</p><p>　　In fact, even though ABET accredi

69、ts many IE and IET programs in the United States, there remains much variance and flexibility among each of the programs. Evidence of the fact can be found in a recent Australian study undertaken by the Industrial Engine

70、ering/Management (IE/M) group of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering Swinburne Institute of Technology (SIT).</p><p>　　The school initiated a set of pr

71、omotional activities to rejuvenate the industrial engineering name and status. One of the school’s goals was to help convince managers and government to reconsider the role of industrial engineering.</p><p>

72、　　In preparation for the events, the IE / M group surveyed more than 150 U.S. universities with accredited IE programs at the undergraduate and graduate level. Of those universities that answered <37 were randomly dra

73、wn for analysis.</p><p>　　The main purpose was to analyze the quantity and quality of the IE subjects. According to Shayan and Hamadani at SIT, the most important point is that coverage of IE is not yet stan

74、dardized. </p><p>　　Other steps</p><p>　　Two key projects currently working toward helping academia improve the overall IE curriculum include the Southeastern University and College Coalition fo

75、r Engineering Education (SUCCEED) sponsored by the National Science Foundation (NFS), and IIE’s joint effort between the Council on Industrial Engineering (CIE ) and the Council of Industrial Engineering Academic Departm

76、ent Heads (CIEADH).</p><p>　　SUCCEED, which is aimed at all engineering disciplines, is an engineering education coalition established by NSF in March 1992. The coalition has proposed a new curriculum model,

77、 CURRICULUM 2 1, as a mechanism to focus its efforts on specific goals such as restructuring the engineering curriculum and improving the quality and quantity of graduates.</p><p>　　The second project, betwe

78、en CIE and CIEADH, has been ongoing since the Fall of 1990. Specifically, CIE (corporate-level directors whose span of control includes IE functions) meets with CIEADH (98 academic department heads from universities and

79、colleges) at scheduled times during the year to better define what industry needs from academia. IIE acts as a facilitator between the two groups to help inform academia. The ultimate goal of these meetings is the develo

80、pment of a clearly defined set of o</p><p>　　This is not to say that these organizations are attempting to standardize the IE curriculum, rather, they are trying to provide basic guidelines. The question of

81、whether the IE curriculum, should be standardized throughout every university is not an issue. Leaders in industry and academia readily agree that there is no possible way for every curriculum at every college to be iden

82、tical.</p><p>　　“I don’t think you can require every IE curriculum to be cookie cutter of each other,” says Glaxo’s Ray.</p><p>　　What appears to be a problem is the perceived gap between what t

83、ypes of students academia is providing compared with the types of students industry seeks. Most industry leaders acknowledge that the majority of universities and colleges should provide, and do provide, students who are

84、 technically competent .To expect that IE students be highly knowledgeable about every possible aspect of industrial engineering upon graduation may be unrealistic, says Zollenberg. Students are required to take a br<

85、/p><p>　　Zollenberg insists that it is impossible to learn everything they need to know about the jobs they will encounter. “I’m not sure anybody coming out is going to learn all of the required skills in four

86、years of school. I don’t think it’s fair to the universities and I don’t I don’t think it’s fair to the kids,” he says.</p><p>　　Expectations</p><p>　　What industry leaders to expect, however, a

87、re students who have the ability to operate in the environment in which they are placed. These areas where there appears to be a deficiency include interpersonal skills, knowledge of computers, nontechnical/business skil

88、ls, quality management skills, and an appreciation for the plant floor. Depending upon what industry the new graduate is placed, the need for certain skills will vary. </p><p>　　Wallace, who works for a serv

89、ice-oriented company (Walt Disney World), thinks today’s students are well-trained in most areas, with the exception of computer shills. She says she still sees a lot of students who came out of school without very good

90、computer skills. “Nowadays, that should be a prerequisite.”</p><p>　　In the manufacturing sector, Jack Broadway, director of corporate IE for Reynolds Metals, believes today’s students are probably better ed

91、ucated than in the past, but they have some misconception about the types of jobs they will perform. “A lot of (students) coming out today want to sit behind a computer and they think that is their job. Well, a computer

92、is just another tool. It’s just something you use to do something else,” he says. He suggests that on-the job training while in school may be </p><p>　　On healthcare side, Sahney (Henry Ford Health Systems)

93、thinks that in general terms, schools are providing properly trained students, but they often are not given the opportunity to become well-rounded in other areas. Because what he says is the profession’s “roots of accred

94、itation,” the curriculum is too tightly controlled. He does not think individual institutions have enough variety. In other words, he says, the electives are very limited by the time all of the required courses are finis

95、hed. </p><p>　　Most IEs eventually must sell their ideas and plans to management, which often requires above-average communication skills. For many IE graduates, this is a tough challenge. Russell Cartmill,

96、IE director at The Coca-Cola Co., says he is frequently confronted with hiring recent graduates who lack basic communication skills. He says Coca-Cola ends up having to teach people things once they get in the areas of p

97、ublic speaking and report writing, “some of the basic things that you really need to hav</p><p>　　One way schools are combating this problem, which is also a problem with students in other engineering discip

98、lines, is semester-long undergraduate and graduate-level courses directed at familiarizing engineering students from all disciplines with the non-technical aspects of engineering. These courses focus on topics such as fi

99、nancial management, project management, business planning and business development.</p><p>　　Other schools have even gone as far as offering graduate degrees that are a combination of an IE degree and busine

100、ss degree in an attempt to target students seeking manufacturing engineering job</p><p>　　But Vieth is not the business route is the best path for the industrial engineering curriculum to follow. “I think if