外文翻譯--第三方物流在中國仍是一個棘手問題

1、<p>　　中文1700漢字，910單詞，5100英文字符</p><p><b>　　外文翻譯 </b></p><p>　　Third-Party Logistics in China: Still a Tough Market</p><p>　　Material Source: Mercer on travel an

2、d transport</p><p>　　Author: Diana Huang and Mark Kadar</p><p>　　Mercer recently completed a survey of the third-party logistics (3PL) market in China, in conjunction with the China Federation o

3、f Logistics and Purchasing .The study included interviews with a wide range of both shippers and providers serving the Chinese market, as well as detailed research into the overall characteristics and trends influencing

4、the growth of transportation and logistics services in China. </p><p>　　The primary finding of the study was that the third-party logistics market in China is finally off to a fast start, driven by the openi

5、ng up of the market to foreign firms and government commitment to growing China’s share of the world economy. However, Mercer’s study indicates that there is still a bumpy ride ahead for providers of logistics services i

6、n this market, given a range of challenges from both the supply and demand side. Most shippers in China are still relatively unsophisticated in t</p><p>　　A Growth Market for Logistics </p><p>　

7、　The size of the potential market for such services in China is mind-boggling , given that the country has a population of 1.3 billion and a GDP of US$1.1 trillion. Transportation and logistics expenditures were $230 bil

8、lion in 2001, or approximately 20 percent of GDP. Although outsourcing accounts for only $4.7 billion, or less than five percent, of this figure, the market for such services is still in its early stages of development.

9、</p><p>　　Compared to overall logistics services, which are growing by about 7.5 percent annually, outsourced logistics services in China are reported to be growing by 25 percent per year, leading both North

10、 America (10-15 percent annual 3PL growth) and the rest of the world (5-10 percent). In fact, several of the most promising providers in the Chinese market say that they have experienced annual doubling of revenues in th

11、e past couple of years. Shippers that Mercer surveyed said that while only about 22</p><p>　　Key factors that are expected to stimulate the growth of outsourcing include the increasing activity of multinatio

12、nal corporations in China, as well as overall pressure to reduce the to-market cost of goods, both domestically and for export. Governmental interest in the development of China’s logistics infrastructure is also promisi

13、ng: Establishing national logistics centers and large-scale logistics enterprises is part of the next five-year plan, and key government ministries have publicly call</p><p>　　China’s entry into the World Tr

14、ade Organization (WTO) is also a critical factor, as it committed the country to greater liberalization in domestic logistics, including allowing foreign companies to operate wholly owned logistics units by December 2004

15、。 </p><p>　　Drivers of (and Barriers to) Demand for 3PL Services </p><p>　　Nearly a third of all shippers interviewed by Mercer cited pressure to reduce logistics costs as a key challenge, and t

16、his is the top reason given for outsourcing logistics: As one director of white goods manufacturing noted， “competition is fierce, and margins are decreasing, so we are looking to external logistics providers to reduce o

17、ur logistics costs in order to maintain profitability.”O(jiān)ther logistics challenges cited by shippers-depending on industry-include the need to shorten cycle time,</p><p>　　Most demand for 3PL services in Chin

18、a currently comes from multinational </p><p>　　Corporations. Although over 88 percent of the shippers surveyed outsource their direct transportation needs, only about 48 percent outsource logistics services.

19、 There is also significant difference in out outsourcing behavior between Chinese companies and multinationals; while 70 percent of multinationals outsource their logistics services, only 16 percent of Chinese shippers d

20、o so. By industry, IT & telecommunications, consumer electronics, and automotive show higher rates of logistics outsourc</p><p>　　Multinational manufacturers and importers active in China are more likely

21、 to outsource logistics because they have sophisticated logistics needs and experience with high-quality subcontractors in other countries. </p><p>　　The light-asset nature of many importers also means that

22、they must rely more heavily on 3PL providers. In contrast, traditional state-owned enterprises (SOE's) are the least likely to use 3PL service， they have the in-house assets and people to handle logistics. They also

23、lack experience in managing external vendors and can be slow to realize the benefits of outsourcing. Cracking the SOE market will likely be difficult, and could prove to be a critical barrier to the growth of outsourcing

24、, given</p><p><b>　　譯文 </b></p><p>　　第三方物流在中國仍是一個棘手問題</p><p>　　資料來源:美世公司的商業(yè)路徑和運輸</p><p>　　作者:Diana黃和馬克卡達爾</p><p>　　最近，美世公司聯合中國物流與采購聯合會對中國的第三方物流

25、市場進行了一項調查研究。這個研究包括了采訪中國市場的很多承運商和供應商，以及對影響運輸和物流發(fā)展的特點和趨勢的全面、詳細研究。</p><p>　　該研究的主要發(fā)現的是，中國的第三方物流市場有了一個快速啟動的勢頭，主要是得益于對國外企業(yè)的市場開放和政府承諾提高中國在世界經濟中的份額。不過，美世的研究表明，這對市場中的第三方物流服務提供商來說這仍是很坎坷的，主要是來自供應方和需求方的挑戰(zhàn)。對中國的大部分承運商來說他

26、們提供的物流服務是很簡單的，即使越來越多的跨國公司正在加強對高端服務的要求。在供應方面，第三方物流市場高度分散，甚至最大的供應商也不到百分之二的市場份額，特別是正在尋找著生存機會的外國第三物流將面臨重大的障礙。從長遠看來，無論是市場還是政治勢力都有可能改變供應商的前景，建立新的工業(yè)水平，增加更多、更高附加值的物流服務需求。</p><p><b>　　物流市場的發(fā)展</b></p>

27、;<p>　　在中國這樣的服務行業(yè)的潛在市場令人難以相信的。利用了像那樣的市場，美國發(fā)展成為了一個擁有1.3億人口，國內總產值是1.1萬億美元的國家。2001年，運輸和物流支出額是2300億美元，也可以這樣說，達到國家總產值的百分之二十。盡管國外采購零配件的總數僅僅只有47億美元，都不到綜述的百分之五。這樣的服務市場仍然處在初級發(fā)展階段。</p><p>　　比較于正在以每年約7.5%的速度增長的整

28、體的物流服務業(yè)來講，據說在中國提供的物流服務業(yè)正在以每年百分之二十五的速度增長，領先于北美(每年5%-10%的第三物流增長)，和世界的其他地方(5%-10%的增長)。事實上，在中國市場上，一些最具有前瞻性的商家就說，在過去幾年里，他們的收入每年增加兩倍。美世調查的船商說只要百分之二十二的物流支出被花在今天的第三方物流上。他們期望外包服務能夠在三五年里達到總支出的百分之五十或者百分之六十。然而，這很明顯，雖然市場還有著巨大的增長潛力，但是

29、美世研究所揭示的挑戰(zhàn)表明發(fā)展這個潛力將是非常困難，而且還要花費很多時間。</p><p>　　那些一直被期望來刺激外包增長的重要因素包括在中國的跨國公司的日益增長的活力，還有減少那些供應國內需求和供出口的商品成本所帶來的壓力。中國政府建設中國物流基礎設施是很有希望的:建立全國性物流中心和大型物流企業(yè)是下一個五年計劃的一部分，有關政府部門已公開呼吁，鼓勵國內企業(yè)發(fā)展同第三方物物流企業(yè)伙伴關系，給他們提供一個更大的供

30、應比例，來滿足他們的物流需要，還有就是減少阻礙外國第三方物流公司進入中國市場的法律法規(guī)限制。</p><p>　　中國進入世貿組織也是一個關鍵的因素，它致力于讓每一個國際在國內物流方面得到更大的自由，包括在2004年12月以后允許國外企業(yè)在中國自主經營物流公司。</p><p>　　第三方物流服務的動力與障礙</p><p>　　幾乎三分之一受美世采訪的托運人都把降

31、低五六年成本當成一個關鍵的挑戰(zhàn)因素，并且這是外包物流的最主要的原因。就如一個白色家電的生產總監(jiān)指出，競爭很激烈，利潤也在降低，所以為了為是利潤我們正在尋找一個物流提供商來降低我們的物流成本。托運人指出的其他物流挑戰(zhàn)--在行業(yè)務基礎上--包括縮短周期時間，降低庫存水平以及改善服務或可靠性。</p><p>　　目前中國的大多數的第三方物流服務的需求是來自于跨國公司。雖然超過88%受訪托運人外包了他們的直接運輸需要，

32、但是只有大約48%的受訪者把物流服務外包出去。中國公司和跨國公司的第三方物流行為也有著明顯的不同;70%的跨國公司外包出了他們的物流服務，然而只有16%的中國托運人這樣做。按行業(yè)劃分，資訊科技，消費電子和汽車這幾個行業(yè)的物流外包比率都比較高，但是與服裝和餐飲公司來比，還是要低于他們的平均水平。在中國的跨國制造商和進口商更加傾向于第三方物流，因為他們與別國的高水準轉包商有高要求的物流需求和物流合作。許多進口商的輕資產的特性意味著他們必須要